KUET Institutional Repository (Khulna University of Engineering & Technology)
Not a member yet
1045 research outputs found
Sort by
Multivariate Statistics and Geostatistical Analyses of Metal Elements in Soil Multivariate Statistics and Geostatistical Analyses of Metal Elements in Soil of Waste Disposal Site
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, November 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-155)In disposal site, municipal solid waste (MSW) decomposes and produces three components of solid; liquid (leachate) and landfill gas. Open dumping facilities release huge quantity of metal elements into the surrounding water bodies, underlying soil layer and atmosphere. The main focus of this study was to identify the correlations of metal elements in soil, possible sources of their generation and contamination, distribution of metal elements spatially as well as the level of contamination of soil of a disposal site. To these endeavors, sixty soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm from the existing ground surface from a selected waste disposal site at Rajbandh, Khulna, Bangladesh. These study periods covered both the dry season (March to May, 2016) and rainy seasons (June to August, 2016). In the laboratory, the relevant metal elements of Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), Calcium (Ca), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), Potassium (K), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Scandium (Sc), Strontium (Sr), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V) and Zinc (Zn) were measured through the standard test methods. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of metal elements in soil is necessitated to explore their extents. Implementation of interpolation techniques can provide better prediction of the distribution of metal elements in soil with least prediction errors.
To these attempts, conventional statistics such as K-S test, S-W test and normal QQ plot was performed using SPSS. Based on normal QQ plot, it was observed that almost all the metal elements were distributed normally except As in soil for both the dry and rainy seasons. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) was performed using XLSTAT. Results of each other indicating these metal elements derived from the same generation sources. In addition, results of PCA and AHC depicted that almost all the metal elements in soil derived from anthropogenic/human activities; least number of metal elements from natural sources as well as from both the natural and anthropogenic sources.
In this study, Geostatistical analysis such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), local
polynomial interpolation (LPI), radial basis functions (RBF) and ordinary kriging (OK) was performed using ArcGIS. Furthermore, the cross validations of IDW with power 1 to 5, LPI with order 1 to 3, RBF with five kernal functions as well as OK with eleven distinct models were performed to select the best fitted model for further assessing the performance of these interpolation techniques. Based on least value of MAPE, IDW with power 1 to 5 and RBF with different kernel functions showed comparatively more accurate prediction than that of LPI and OK. Based on RI, IDW1 showed best performance followed by OK. Lastly, based on all indices (MAPE, RI, etc.), IDW1 showed the best technique for all metal elments.
Moreover, produced prediction surface for all the interpolation techniques showed most of the contaminated hotspots was found near the centre of disposal site for all the metal elements. Semivariogram showed that almost all the metal elements were moderately correlatated spatially and least number of metal elements were strongly and weekly correlated. In this study, a network model was developed by ANN to predict and depict the validity of observed concentration of metal elements obtained from laboratory based MSE and R-value. It was found that the predicted values from ANN were almost same as obtained from laboratory.
Finally, it can be concluded that this study will so guide for more efficient prediction of spatial distribution of metal elements with their possible generation sources, and to remedial measures regarding the contamination of soil of the waste disposal sites all over the world.Sanjida KhairMaster of Science in Civil Engineerin
Improvement of Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Airfoil by Static Extended Trailing Edge
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering, April, 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 44-45).The objective of this work is to study the SETE as an alternative flow control technique for lift enhancement at a small drag penalty in cruise flight. The geometrical quantities, chord distribution and other properties are given in convenient analytical expressions.The experiment was about to enhance the lift of NACA0012 airfoil with static extended trailing edge (SETE). A thin sheet was introduced to the wing trailing edge as a mechanical device without changing the basic configuration of the wing. Calculations were done to compare
the coefficient of lift using static extended trailing edge (SETE) with those of using flap.
The effects of SETE on the wing aerodynamics are mainly due to modifications of the airfoil camber and the flow structure at the trailing edge. The lift enhancement by the SETE is, expectedly, due to the camber effect. It is speculated that the drag penalty of the
SETE is small because it is usually embedded in the wake of the main airfoil. Experimental results are presented, including the lift and drag coefficient of the baseline NACA0012 airfoil model and of model with the SETE and Gurney flaps. The lift enhancement is achieved by the SETE, whereas the drag polar and lift-to-drag ration remains largely unchanged. The zero-lift drag and Oswald’s efficiency are not significantly affected by the SETE. The benefit analysis for the SETE in cruise flight is given in comparison with Gurney flap.Md. Shariful IslamMaster of Science in Mechanical Engineerin
Seasonal Variation on Extent of Stabilization of Faecal Sludge for Safe Disposal during Co-composting in Forced Aeration and Passively Aeration Process
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, November 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 82-86)In many developing countries, a large proportion of municipal wastes especially organic solid wastes and Faecal Sludge are not properly disposed. Co-composting of Faecal Sludge (FS) and Organic Solid Waste (OSW) can contribute as efficient waste management tool and allows recycling of nutrients into agriculture thereby closing the nutrient circle. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature variation and mass balance of forced and passive aeration on Co-composting process with different stages in wet and dry seasons. Degree and extent of degradation were determined through different composting process in first, second and third stage with different mix proportion of Faecal Sludge in both seasons. Degradation rates were analysed in composting for Faecal Sludge and solid waste mixture. For conducting experiment, suitable organic solid wastes were collected from a student’s hall and other sources. Organic solid waste was prepared according to waste proportion (vegetable wastes: food wastes: waste paper: sawdust) as 40:35:10:15. The Faecal sludge was collected from a septic tank. Always OSW and FS were mixed at four different ratios as 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 75:25 (OSW : FS). In wet season the number of reactors used in first, second and third stage were 32, 24 and 16 respectively with total 72 number reactors. Similarly for dry season a total of 72 reactors were used for the experiment. In another run 60 more reactors were used for degradation rate analysis. To investigate the effect of initial moisture content on volatile solids degradation and temperature parameters another were used. Therefore, total 218 reactors were used for whole research work. Forced aeration and passively aeration composting tests were done using series of reactors as described above according to a planned experimental program. Composting tests were performed in three stages of 15–30 days duration each. Maximum temperature of passively and forced aeration tests were 65 oC and 67 oC which raised within 5 days. In third stage the temperature was not increase much because in this stage the compost become stable and contain very less biodegradable volatile solids (BVS). In both seasons the peak temperature of all the passively aerated and forced aerated composting tests were almost same. It means that the Co-composting process can be applied smoothly over the year in Bangladesh to manage FS without any interruptian of seasonal effect. Results of both seasons showed that, the moisture content and volatile solids always decrease after composting in most of the composting process. For passively aerated process, the average percent reduction of volatile solids of first stage, second stage and third stage were 27.6%, 12.4% and 8.2% respectively for forced aerated process, the average percentges were 30.8%, 13.6% and 9.2% respectively. Percentage degradation of volatile solids in third stage was less because in this stage the compost become stable and contain very less BVS. In wet season, the absolutely total BVS degradation of the passively and forced aeration process were ranged in between 80 % to 92 %. In dry season the ranged were 73% to 91%. According to the mass balance, the volatile solids degradation in composting process using forced aeration was more than passively aeration process. The average maximum area under curve T-Ta of first stage and second stage was found 10764 oC.h and 9864 oC.h respectively. For every set of reactor for first and second stage, the total percentage of degradation was almost same. For detemination of optimum moisture content, the area under the temperature curve in oC.h and %VS reduction was highest in the initial moisture content range between 55% and 70%. The temperature dependence of the reaction rates of different satge passive and forced aeration composting tests clearly followed the Arrhenius equation. The actual reaction rates provided good correletion with reaction rates. Percentage degradation of volatile solids depending on temperature could be predicted well using a first order reaction model. Compost produced in first and second stage were stable with stability index of II to IV. All compost of third stage were more stable than first and second stage with stability index of IV to V according to LAGA (1985). The Temperature pattern, during composting, Degradation of biodegradable volatile solids and Stability index of produced compost were almost same in passive and forced aeration Co-composting process. Passive aeration composting system are economical in operations and maintenance and produce good quality compost. Therefore, the passively aeration Co-composting process can be applied smoothly in Bangladesh round the year to manage Faecal Sludge.Md. AlaminMaster of Science in Civil Engineerin
Effect of Rare Earth Metal Substitution on the Structural, Magnetic and Transport properties of Ni-Zn Ferrites
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Physics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Physics, January-2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-106).The present work is focused on the influence of substitutions rare earth ions in Ni-Zn
ferrites. Three series of ferrite samples of the compositions Ni0.60Zn0.40-xLaxFe2O4
(where x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15), Ni0.60Zn0.40-xYxFe2O4 [x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15] and
Ni0.60Zn0.40-xEuxFe2O4 [x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15] were prepared by using solid state
reaction technique. The phase identification was carried out by using the X-ray
diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis revealed that undoped rare earth in sample
shows formulation of cubic spinel structure with no extra peak but other three RE (La,
Y and Eu) doped samples show additional peaks other spinel structure and
corresponding to a second orthoferrite phase. Lattice parameters of all three series
slightly decrease with increasing x-content. A slightly increase in bulk density has
been found with increasing RE content. The average grain size increases significantly
with increasing RE content. The increase in density and grain growth of the samples
may be attributed to the liquid phase at constant sintering temperature. A slight
increase of Curie temperature, Tc and saturation magnetization Ms of Ni0.60Zn0.40-
xRExFe2O4 [RE = La, Y and Eu] series with increasing RE in were observed. The
change of Ms with the increase of RE substitution has been explained on the Neel’s
Collinear two sublattices magnetization model and Yafet-Kittels’ non-collinear
magnetization model. Initial permeability decreases with the increasing of RE ions.
Quality factor signifies the merit of the material from the application point of view.
The variation of the quality factor with frequency shows a similar trend for all three
samples. From these three series of samples are seen that the real part of initial
permeability almost constant up to 4MHz. The AC resistivity decreases with
increasing temperature. The dielectric constant is found to decrease continuously with
increasing frequency and remains almost constant at higher frequency range. The
variation of electrical resistivity and dielectric properties is explained of Fe2+/Fe3+
ionic concentration with affect RE ions as well as the electronic hoping frequency
between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions.Md. Alamgir HossainMaster of Philosophy in Physic
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat Analysis of Solid Waste Management at KUET Campus
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, November 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-102)Waste management is a method used to reduce waste, mainly by means of source reduction and includes the recovery, recycling and reuse of waste products. The advantages of management are both eco-friendly and economically extensive, such as saving dumps and creating jobs. Integrated solid waste management (SWM) can be described as the selection and use of suitable engineering and management alternatives to achieve waste management goals. SWOT analysis is a great tool for this approach, which is one of various ideal planning tools for organizational management to ensure that clear goals are recognized for a project to recognize all the factors associated with positive and negative initiatives. To achieve this task, the process includes four factors namely Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats which are rated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study explains SWM at KUET campus and may also be an innovator in solid waste management in other universities in Bangladesh.
The rate of solid waste generation has been observed as 0.099 kg/capita/day excluding construction, demolish and street sweeping waste, in which food and vegetable, paper, and plastic waste has been noticed as 52.04%, 42.01% and 3.70%, respectively. Some lemon peel, eggshells and others waste also has been produced as 0.30%, 0.20% and 1.75%, respectively. The average paper waste went into the market has been found as 63.34 kg/month which is very less compared to that of paper waste and the average plastic waste which has been given in to the market has been as 51.75 kg/month which is the 17.41% of plastic waste generated at this campus. The average monthly compost at solid waste management plant (SWMP) in KUET campus has found as 48.57 kg/month.
SWOT analysis of SWM has been performed through field level investigation, laboratory tests and questioner survey. There are nine strengths, six weaknesses, four opportunities and five threats of SWM at KUET campus have been identified. Door to door collection, Recycling, Composting, Transportation of Solid Waste, Manpower and equipment for SWM, Sorting of Solid Waste, Enforcement and Awareness for SWM, Financial support for SWM, Burning system of sanitary SW has been found as the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth strength, respectively. Recycle of low density waste like paper and polythene, Burning Temperature at Burning Unit and Related Air Pollution, Training Program among Staff and awareness program among stakeholders, Roadside Construction Waste Deposition, Route Selection for Collection and Transportation of SW, Time for Decomposition of Degradable SW during Composting has been seen as the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth weakness of SWM, respectively. Market Based Recycling of SW, Resource Recovery from Citrus Peel and Eggshells, and Route Selection for SW Collection and Transportation has been observed as the first, second, third and fourth opportunities in case of SWM at KUET campus. Damages of Equipment like Rickshaw-van, Damages of Roadside Waste Bins, Difficulties in Transportation of SW to the Ultimate Disposal Site, Damages of Waste Management Plant and Accidents among staff in Collecting, Transporting and Sorting of SW has been noticed as the first, second, third, fourth and fifth threats at this campus for SWM.Md. Razib SarderMaster of Science in Civil Engineerin
Drinking Water Quality Assessment in Khulna City Corporation Slum Area
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry, March 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 96-103).Drinking water is characterized as free from microorganisms, terribly toxic compounds and that have no adverse effects on health. Waterbome disease is a major concern of public health and it is important to know the microbial as well as the physico-chemical qualities of drinking water. This study was conducted to assess the quality and suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes in different slum area of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) and explored the variation of bacteriological status of water between sources (deep Tube-wells) and household stored water. The study was conducted from July 22, to August 28, 2016. A total of 100 samples; 50 from sources and other 50 samples from household storage vessels were collected for exploring physico-chemical and bacteriological status. The parameters that were investigated found to have variation in the range of pH 7.4 to 8.55 was slightly basic, electrical conductivity 544 tS/cm to 2.21 mS/cm; Hardness 50 to 650 as CaCO3 considered, hardness classification shows that maximum sample are hard type and very hard type. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 281 to 1176 mg/L, However, TDS classification of GW shows that maximum samples lie within good (300-600 mg/L), Chloride 31.68 to 721 mg/L, As <LOQ (Limit of Quantitation) mg/L to 0.02 mg/L, Fe 0.01 to 0.91 mg/L and Mn 0.01 to 0.68 mg/L. Comparing to WHO and BDS guideline, few of the water sources found to have one or more trace metals (Fe, As and Mn) levels outside acceptable limit set for drinking water. Most of them however have levels safe for human consumption. Physico-chemical parameters of maximum samples were satisfactory and met the standard guideline value of drinking water of BDS and WHO. However few samples from Khalishpur and Daulatpur industrial area, Khulna were beyond the limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh Drinking Standard (BDS). The samples were examined bacteriological status, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) were counted in different samples. Result shows that 74% TWs provide FC free water where only 10% household water sample was found FC free. At the same time 19% TWs provide TC free water where no household water sample was found TC free. In all household samples and 29 TWs samples, the TC and FC counts were above the recommended limit of WHO for drinking water quality (0 CFU/100mL for TC, 0 CFU/100mL for FC). It is very much alarming that both FC and TC in household storage VS water were considerably higher than those from sources. High level of coliform bacteria in water sources of these study area confirmed the presence of pathogenic organisms that generate a threat to people who consume this waters. This is may be due the to lack of good water treatment, lack of the protection of the water sources, unhealthy sewerage conditions, improper water handling practices, unhealthy sanitation, poor housing condition, dirty containers, improper waste management and illiteracy of slum dwellers. Thus, safety of water sources accompanied by sanitation and hygiene promotion programs and health education along with regular water quality monitoring can improve the water quality of slum area.Abanti KunduMaster of Science in Chemistr
Study of Nanocrystalline Formation of Magnetic Properties in fe72.5ag2nb3si13.5b9 Metallic Ribbon
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Physics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics, March 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-84).This thesis focuses on the experimental investigation of the effect of grain size and phase constitution on the magnetic properties of Fe72.5Ag2Nb3Si13.5B9 alloys in the amorphous and annealed states. The sample has been prepared by rapid solidification technique and their amorphous nature has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallization behavior and the nanocrystal formation have been studied by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and XRD. Magnetization measurements have been carried out using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The ribbon sample has been annealed in a controlled way in the temperature range 550oC to 750oC for 2 hours. DTA runs for the sample show the existence of one exothermic peak for α-Fe(Si) phase. Thermal analysis experiment and from the obtained data activation energy of primary crystallization products α-Fe(Si) phase is 5.78 eV. The XRD experiments are in order to study the effect of structural parameters such as
lattice parameter, crystallites size and silicon content of the nanocrystalline α-Fe(Si)
grain. In the optimized annealing condition the grain size has been obtained in the
range of 50 - 69nm. The peak shift indicates the change of the values of Si-content of
nanograins and therefore, the change of the lattice parameter of nanograins. The
saturation magnetization (Ms) has been observed 114emu/gm and in as prepared
condition Curie temperature (Tc) has been found to be 305oC. The critical composition for disappearance of ferromagnetism fall of curves Ms with the replacement Cu by Ag of FINEMET, where the nearest neighbor coupling to longer dominant and intermediate range occurs and the magnetization process of this amorphous ribbon sample are soft behavior of magnetic material.Md. Mahmuduzzaman TawhidMaster of Science in Physic