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Chitosan–Oxidized Pullulan Hydrogels Loaded with Essential Clove Oil: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties
Get PDFEmulsion hydrogels are promising materials for encapsulating and stabilizing high amounts of hydrophobic essential oils in hydrophilic matrices. In this work, clove oil-loaded hydrogels (CS/OP-C) are synthesized by combining covalent and physical cross-linking approaches. First, clove oil (CO) was emulsified and stabilized in a chitosan (CS) solution, which was further hardened by Schiff base covalent cross-linking with oxidized pullulan (OP). Second, the hydrogels were subjected to freeze–thaw cycles and, as a result, the clove oil was stabilized in physically cross-linked polymeric walls. Moreover, due to cryogelation, the obtained hydrogels exhibited sponge-like porous interconnected morphology (160–250 µm). By varying the clove oil content in the starting emulsion and the degree of cross-linking, the hydrogels displayed a high water retention capacity (swelling ratios between 1300 and 2000%), excellent elastic properties with fast shape recovery (20 s) after 70% compression, and controlled in vitro clove oil release in simulated skin conditions for 360 h. Furthermore, the prepared clove oil-loaded hydrogels had a strong scavenging activity of 83% and antibacterial and antifungal properties, showing a bacteriostatic effect after 48 and 72 h against S. aureus and E. coli. Our results recommend the new clove oil-embedded emulsion hydrogels as promising future materials for application as wound dressings
Diagnostic Pathways of Leptospira spp. in Dogs with Kidney Injury
Get PDFPathogenic Leptospira spp. causes leptospirosis in animals and humans globally, leading to systemic infections that can impact vital organs in affected animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate kidney injury and to perform a retrospective analysis of leptospirosis infection in follow-up dog samples. The retrospective study collected epidemiological information obtained through paraclinical exams, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular biology (qPCR) of cases from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara between September 2016 and May 2023. No correlations were found between Leptospira infection and breed (p = 0.714), gender or castration status (p = 0.890), and anatomic pathology exam results (p = 0.608). Significant associations were found in cases with high levels of azotemia (p = 0.000) and immunological status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated, p = 0.000), with the leptospirosis risk in unvaccinated animals calculated at OR = 85.500 (95%CI, 6.82–1071.26, p = 0.000). Retrospectively, leptospirosis was diagnosed in 27/65 cases (42%) using the IHC method, while the qPCR assay detected 29/65 cases (45%). This study demonstrates that qPCR is a robust and specific method for postmortem diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection in dogs, offering higher specificity and reliability compared to traditional IHC methods, which showed 94.74% specificity in our study
Mastitis impact on high-yielding dairy farm’s reproduction and net present value
No full textPoor udder health can have a negative impact on milk production and reproductive performance, which reduces the net present value (NPV) of dairy farms. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the relationship between clinical mastitis and NPV and the financial impact of impaired reproductive function. For this purpose, 473 dairy cows were included in our study, 146 cows with clinical mastitis (CM group) and 327 clinically healthy cows (CH group) from a high-yielding dairy farm in Romania, milking approximately 780 dairy cows with an average milk production of 46 kg milk/day. We found that, in contrast to CH cows, CM cows had a significantly lower conception rate at first service (58.2% vs. 41.7%, p 400,000 SCC/mL) in their milk around artificial insemination (AI) and 1 month earlier than the pregnant cows (<250,000 SCC/ml) supports the idea that poor uterine health affects the reproductive activity of high-yielding cows. However, by using the UW-DairyRepro14,439.4/farm/year) and treatment costs (US3,577/farm/year) as an additional cost of mastitis. Finally, it appears that the impact of mastitis on reproduction is associated with a lower chance of conception than it is with a daily risk of services
Evaluation of Biocomposite Cements for Bone Defect Repair in Rat Models
Get PDFRepairing or reconstructing significant bone defects is typically challenging. In the present study, two composite cements were used as scaffolds in a sub-critical femoral defect in rats. A control group and two experimental batches were used to compare the outcomes. This research aimed to investigate the osteogenic potential and toxicological tolerance of the bioproducts through histopathology and computed tomography imaging analysis at 14, 28, 56, and 90 days post-implantation. The biomaterials used in the investigation consisted of a 65% bioactive salinized inorganic filler and a 25% weight organic matrix. The organic part of the biomaterial was composed of Bis-GMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate), UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate), while the inorganic filler was composed of silica, barium glass, hydroxyapatite, and fluor aluminosilicate glass. The first findings of this research are encouraging, revealing that there is a slight difference between the groups treated with biomaterials, but it might be an effective approach for managing bone abnormalities. Material C1 exhibited a faster bone defect healing time compared to material C2, where bone fractures occurred in some individuals. It is unclear if the fractures were caused by the presence of the biomaterial C2 or whether additional variables were to blame. By the end of the research, the mice appeared to tolerate the biomaterials without exhibiting any inflammatory or rejection responses
Granulocytic anaplasmosis - an underdiagnosed disease in veterinary and human medicine in Romania
No full textIn Europe, including Romania, vector-borne illnesses are widespread. In addition to endangering the
health of people and animals, these diseases have a
significant impact on the global economy. From October 2022 to September 2023, 25 canine blood samples
and 21 human serums were analysed for Anaplasma
phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys, and Borrelia
spp. + A. phagocytophilum respectively. Canine samples were analysed using three methods: cytological
blood smear, serologic, and molecular, and for human
serum, we used two microblot assays for confirmation: Borrelia spp. + A. phagocytophilum IgG antibodies and Borrelia spp. + A. phagocytophilum IgM
antibodies. Intracytoplasmic morula was observed in
neutrophils in 8/25 (32%) dogs, and Anaplasma antibodies were detected in 11/25 (44%) canine serum. In
qRT-PCR, 4/25 (16%) dogs were positive for A. phagocytophilum. According to the microblot assay results, 38.1% of the serum samples were positive for
both species - Borrelia and Anaplasma, and 33.4%
were positive only for Borrelia. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the seroprevalence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis cases as well as the prevalence of
canine granulocytic anaplasmosis, including the possible co-infections with other pathogens, using several diagnostic methods
High Energy Pulsed Laser Beam to Produce a Thin Layer of Crystalline Silver without Heating the Deposition Substrate and Its Catalytic Effects
Get PDFCrystalline silver thin layers were obtained using high-energy pulsed laser ablation without the heating of the deposition substrate. The fluid Plateau–Rayleigh (PRI), Rayleigh–Taylor (RTI), and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RMI) instabilities, as well as the crown splash induced during the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in the high energy regime, resulting in ring and pearl-shaped structures, offer the benefit of an increased sorption surface. These morphological structures obtained for the silver thin layers make them of interest for catalytic applications. This study addresses both fundamental and applied issues on the morphological structures obtained for the silver thin layers and their catalytic function in organic processes. In this sense, the catalytic action of the thin silver layer was highlighted by modifications of the Reactive Blue 21 dye (C.I.) in an aqueous solution with sodium bicarbonate. Specific investigations and analyses were carried out using electron microscopy and elemental analysis (SEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry, mass spectrometry, ablation plasma diagnosis, diffractograms (XRD), as well as IR spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition to the experimental investigation and analyses, the simulation of the ionization energy threshold was conducted in COMSOL for complementary evaluation on the involved processes and phenomena
Research on finding solution for the organization and anti-erosion management of the lands affected by degradation processes in the middle basin of the Bahlui river
No full textComparison of Skull Morphometric Characteristics of Simmental and Holstein Cattle Breeds
Get PDFThis study aimed to reveal the morphological characteristics of pure Holstein and Simmental skulls and to obtain reference values for morphometric analysis. Moreover, 54 skulls from 12- to 14-month-old male Holstein (n = 25) and Simmental (n = 29) cattle were collected from Turkey’s Southeastern Anatolia Region between 2023 and 2024. Linear measurements indicated that Holsteins had longer skulls compared to Simmentals. Holsteins exhibited significantly higher values for the greatest length of nasals and the shortest skull length. The facial breadth was wider in Holsteins and statistically distinctive between the breeds. Holsteins had a more oval orbital bony roof, while Simmentals exhibited a wider orbital structure. The orbital index was higher in Holsteins, distinguishing between the two breeds. It was observed that Simmental cattle had a wider occipital region. This difference is likely due to the larger lateral appearance of the Simmental skull, which has more body weight and provides a larger surface area for muscle attachment. These differences not only aid in breed identification but also offer insights into the functional adaptations of each breed. Future research should explore the genetic and environmental factors contributing to these morphological traits, further enriching our knowledge of cattle morphology and its implications for breeding and conservation efforts
The realization of systematic cadastre works in the perspective of the sustainable development of the vineyard and fruit-growing sector in Romania
No full textIn order to develop the
vineyard and orchard sector in Romania from
a sustainable point of view, the European
Union primarily finances plantations with
native varieties. To be able to talk about
sustainable development and environmental
protection, GIS systems should be structured
by fields of activity and become an interface
between man and nature. The integration of
these projects within the systematic cadastre
work would have the effect of obtaining a
better reassessment of the agricultural
potential of the area. Thus, the "Vasile
Adamachi" didactic farm of the Iasi
University of Life Sciences has reconfigured
the cadastral plots, currently occupying a total
area of 16.1 ha with vines and 12.2 ha with
fruit trees. This project to modernise the
vineyard/fruit-growing plantations was
realised from the rehabilitation funds of the
European Union, through the Payments and
Intervention Agency for Agriculture. The
creation by the Cadastre and Real Estate
Publicity Agency of an integrated cadastre
and land book system, as a "multipurpose"
type system within the National Cadastre and
Land Book Program, would help the
Payments and Intervention Agency for
Agriculture to identify agricultural real estate,
which includes vineyards/fruit trees, and
would encourage the owners of such
plantations to access projects from the
European Union funds for the modernisation,
maintenance in good condition or expansion
of vineyard and fruit-growing. Also, the
technical-legal situation of the existing real
estate at the administrative-territorial unit
level could be obtained in real time