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Încercarea unor tehnologii de producere a sucului roșu de struguri în Republica Moldova
Get PDFThe process of primary processing of black grapes in viticulture and canning branches aims to mechanize the process of extracting the colour from the whole grapes before the fermentation of the must in order to obtain different types of red juice and red wine. To be solved: simplification of the scheme and the creation of the universal technological line for juice - wine with increased hygienic properties and reduced expenses. The whole grapes received in the bunker-press are treated with 0.2% SO2 solution, hot 550C for 15 minutes, which can be recovered for other batches of raw material. The decontaminated grapes are thermally treated (selectively the skin) for 10-20 minutes with hot must +60-850C, followed by the first cycle of hydraulic (pneumatic) pressing with the separation of the pigmented dietary red must and storage. The rest of the mass in the bunker-press is dosed with potassium pyrosulfite together, dihydroxyfumaric acid and with hot must +600C for 10 minutes for the final extraction: anthocyanin - SBA, cooling it to +250C, pressing the second with the selection of the must fraction and fermentation to make red wine
Seroprevalence of Anti-Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies among Patients from a Tertiary Hospital from Northeast Romania
No full textBackground and Objectives. Being an enterically transmitted pathogen with a growing prevalence in developed countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection remains an underdiagnosed disease in Eastern Europe. As far as Romania is concerned, only a few studies address this issue. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of serum anti-HEV IgA/IgM/IgG antibodies in a group of patients admitted to the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases “St. Parascheva” Iasi. Materials and Methods. The cross-sectional study consisted of enrollment of 98 patients admitted to the clinic for COVID-19 over a period of three months in 2020. Results. The median age in our study was 73 years, with an equal gender ratio and with a predominance of people from the urban environment (75%). The overall HEV antibody seroprevalence was 12.2%. The main risk factors associated with HEV infection were consumption of water from unsafe sources (58.3% HEV-positive patients vs. 26.7% HEV-negative patients, p = 0.026) and improperly cooked meat (58.3% HEV-positive patients vs. 23.2% HEV-negative patients, p = 0.01). Zoonotic transmission was an important criterion in our study, with patients reporting contact with pigs, poultry, rats, or other farms animals, but no significant differences were found between HEV antibody positive and negative groups. Conclusions. The seroprevalence rate of HEV antibodies was similar to other previous reports from our area but higher than in most European countries. The fact that HEV antibodies were detected in patients without identifiable risk factors for hepatitis E is evidence of subclinical infection as a silent threat
Studies on obtaining active dry wine yeast using different nitrogen sources
No full textMost of research on wine microbiology has concentrated on Saccharomyces yeasts for development of starter cultures,
especially on Sacch. cerevisiae. As the importance of the role of S. cerevisiae in winemaking has been established, the
number of wine yeast strains available in the world market for use as winemaking starters grew in the last years. The
upstream process of producing Sacch. cerevisiae biomass on a culture medium based on sugar was performed by testing
different sources of inorganic and organic nitrogen (yeast extract and monoammonium phosphate) in submerged
fermentations using a Biostat B plus bioreactor (4L working volume). The upstream parameters have been monitored
on-line (oxygen flow; pH around 4.35; temperature 300C; stirring rate 250 rpm) and off-line (total soluble dry matter;
pH). The biomass obtained after the downstream process has been dried through freeze-drying. Through the
combination of two carbon sources as yeast extract (0.7%) and monoammonium phosphate 10.71 g/L dry cell weight
(DCW) has been obtained, compared with 9.6 g/L DCW in the case of the fermentation without monoammonium
phosphate. From the economic reasons, the monoammonium phosphate as an inorganic nitrogen form has been
excluded from the experiments. Finally, the higher content of dry yeast biomass (14.43 g/L DCW) was obtained when
11% yeast extract as the only nitrogen source has been added at the fermentation media
Exploring the antioxidant and bioinsecticidal activity of spontaneous flora vegetal extracts for plant protection and prevention of soil contamination
Get PDFThe purpose of this article was to evaluate the application of different plant extracts with
bioinsecticidal action and antioxidant activity for plants and soil protection, by substitution of the
application of synthetically formulated pesticides with eco-friendly compounds. In this framework,
this research focused on the utilization of plant extracts from the spontaneous flora of Moldova
(Romania) as bioinsecticides for the control of field pests of the species Leptinotarsa decemlineata and
their antioxidant activity. Plant extracts of oregano (Origanum vulgare), yarrow (Achillea millefolium),
wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), and cowslip (Primula veris) were assessed for their antioxidant
activity by the microplate spectrophotometric-based method (for polyphenols and flavonoids content
and for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenger activity) and were characterized
by FTIR spectroscopy spectra. To evaluate the bioinsecticidal properties of the plant extracts, the
mortality (%) and neuroleptic manifestations appearing in the middle of the monitoring period
for larvae and adults of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata species were identified. Mortality (%) was
statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the resulting experimental
results were compared with the LSD-Fisher’s test (p < 0.05). The highest mortality (%) was observed
after 24 h of treatment with extracts of Origanum vulgare at 100% concentration, while the maximum
effect was recorded after 48 h for Origanum vulgare at 60% and 100% concentrations
Economic freedom - modern society growth vector
No full textSpecialised literature regarding freedom, economic growth and development, has constantly shown that in the nations
that have less restrictions regarding the activity of the private economic agents, the transactions tend to register higher
levels of economic growth. These things may be less clear in the context in which there are more hypotheses: if freedom
leads to growth, or growth is a determining factor of freedom, or if both are in a causation relationship. To evaluate
these possibilities, Granger causation tests are being done in relation to the annual freedom indicators, elaborated by
The Heritage Foundation and Freedom House. These indicators analyse the basic components which include the
commercial policy, taxation, government intervention, monetary policy, capital flows, foreign investments, banking
services, control of salaries and prices, property rights, and regulation of the markets subject to testing and summary
assessment of freedom. The main objective of the research is the analysis of the relationship between economic freedom
and economic growth. There are four indicators used to measure the level of economic freedom and they are the ones
elaborated by Fraser Institute, The Heritage Foundation, Freedom House and Scully and Slottje. The research
methodology used to attain the objectives mentioned above comprises qualitative methods (meta-analysis of the
specialised literature) and quantitative methods (econometric methods-regression and correlation analysis, selfcorrelation tests, comparative analysis and correspondence analysis). The main aim of the qualitative analysis is focused
on the concept of economic freedom, an overview of the history and the chronology of its presence in the economic
theory and practice, as well as on the ways of quantifying it using diverse indices that measure economic freedom in
countries around the world. In this research I have used the index of economic freedom elaborated by Heritage Institute.
The main components of this index are: the rule of law, government limitations, efficiency of regulations, but also the
freedom of the markets. We consider that this index is a good measure of economic freedom; however, in the performed
analysis we have also focused on its various components and have analysed separately the effects on the economic
growth. The indicators that were analysed were taken from the statistical databases such as Heritage, World Bank,
Eurostat.The indicators selected for performing the analysis were taken at the level of the countries of the European
Union with characteristic values of the year 2019
Innovative recovery of winemaking waste for effective lead removal fromwastewater
Get PDFEvery year, important quantities of winemaking waste create problems for wine producers.
These problems arise from the difficulty of disposing of grape marc, which can pollute the environment
and affect nearby agricultural crops. The present research proposes a new direction for the
valorization of this agri-food waste in residual water depollution. Four biomaterials obtained from
winemaking waste were tested for Pb removal: raw Merlot grape marc (MR), raw Sauvignon Blanc
grape marc (SbR), Merlot grape marc biorefined (ME) and Sauvignon Blanc grape marc biorefined
(SbE). The effects of biosorbent mass and initial Pb concentration, adsorption kinetic, equilibrium
isotherms and the matrix influence from a mine effluent were assessed. Very good perspectives for the
practical application in lead uptake from wastewaters arise, with better results for biorefined grape
marc compared to raw material. The lead removal percentage from an initial solution containing
20 mg Pb/L, at optimum pH (5.5 0.5) was 71%—MR, 78%—SbR, 80%—ME, and 97%—SbE. A
Langmuir model revealed a very good removal capacity for ME (40 mg/g) and SbE (64 mg/g).
Thus, the grape marc, a polluting waste, can turn into a low-cost and easy-to-prepare sorbent for the
bioremediation of contaminated water
Biological response of Triticum aestivum L. to the abiotic stress induced by winemaking waste
No full textThe winemaking waste (grape marc) can be beneficial if it is used in food, pharmaceutical
industry, and medicine. However, studies reported that some concentrations of grape marc extracts
may induce negative effects on animals. The present study was conducted in order to research
if the grape marc induces abiotic stress with serious negative implications on plants. For this
purpose, wheat grains were treated for 48 h with 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous extracts of
Merlot and Sauvignon blanc grape marc. Grains germination rate and cytogenetic parameters were
investigated. The germination rate decreased moderately compared to the control in all treatments.
The investigated cytogenetic parameters were: mitotic index (MI) and genetic abnormalities (bridges,
fragments, associations between bridges and fragments, multipolar ana-telophases, micronuclei). As
the grape marc concentration increases, the germination rate and mitotic index decrease moderately,
while the percent of cells with chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei increases. Treatments with
Merlot grape marc extract induced a higher percent of genetic abnormalities. The results prove from
a genetic point of view that the winemaking waste induces abiotic stress on wheat (and probably,
on other plants) and it should be depleted in polyphenols before storing on fields. Possible use of
unprocessed grape marc could be as bio-herbicide
Antibacterial and Antifungal Silver Nanoparticles with Tunable Size Embedded in Various Cellulose-Based Matrices
No full textThe aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using cellulose derivatives and to evaluate their antimicrobial potential. As effective reducing and stabilizing agents for AgNPs, cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), and cellulose acetate (CA), were used. Their ability to reduce silver ions as well as the size of the resulting AgNPs were compared. The formation and stability of the reduced AgNPs in the solution were monitored using UV-Vis analysis. The size, morphology, and charge of the AgNPs were evaluated. We found that, when using cellulosic derivatives, AgNPs with sizes ranging from 17 to 89 nm and different stabilities were obtained. The parameters, such as size and ζ potential indicate the stability of AgNPs, with AgNPs-CA and AgNPs-HPC being considered more stable than AgNPs-EC and AgNPs-MC since they show higher ζ potential values. In addition, the AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against all reference strains and clinical isolates. MIC values between 0.0312 and 0.125 mM had a bactericidal effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The fungicidal effect was obtained at a MIC value of 0.125 mM. These results may provide rational support in the design of medical gauze products, including gauze pads, rolls, and sponges
Field tests of rostselmash cereal harvesting combine
No full textAgriculture and plant cultivation has been and will continue to be a vital field of human activity, since the beginning of
mankind, agriculture has been part of man's daily life. Man instead looked for methods, mechanisms and technologies
to ease the work and capitalize on the biological potential of cultivated crops. As a result, this field, which is a science
in and of itself, has had a constant need for advancement and knowledge. The transition from manual tools to modern,
self-guiding machines and from manual grain harvesting to the creation of true mobile processing factories known as
generic combine harvesters makes this technological advancement represent a true revolution of modern technologies,
integrated in the most important activity sector of humanity, agriculture
Mapping the impact of recent climate change on viticultural potential in Romania
Get PDFClimate change affects the viticulture sector worldwide in different ways, some countries reporting negative impacts, other
positive effects, depending on the type of climate in which they are located. Romania is an important wine-producing European
country, with a long viticultural tradition. Our study aims to map the ecological potential for viticulture at country
scale, using a GIS-based multi-criteria methodology, which quantifies and integrates the influences of climate, soil and relief
factors. The soil and relief factors are considered stable in the analysed time period, while the climate factors are dynamic,
their influence being assessed for two periods of time: the reference climate period (1961–1990) and the more recent period
(1991–2013), affected by climate warming. The results show that the area suitable for viticulture has expanded during the
last decades, new regions in the plateau, hilly and lower mountain areas shifting from restrictive to suitable for wine grape
cultivation (25,245 km2,
10.6% of the country). On average, the upper limit vine growing has shifted from 612 m (1961–1990)
to 860 m (1991–2013). As a consequence, the potential for white wines has migrated to higher elevations and latitudes,
while the potential for red wine production has significantly increased at lower elevations. Overall, there is an increase in
suitability for wine grape production for about one third of the country (76,833 km2,
32.2%). Such changes are likely to
modify the typicity of traditional winemaking regions, compelling the producers to adapt through introducing of new grape
varieties and technological changes