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“Orange” Wine—The Resurgence of an Ancient Winemaking Technique: A Review
No full textOver the past few decades, there has been a notable paradigm shift worldwide, affecting people’s preferences and decisions regarding both food and beverage options. These factors have sparked a newfound fascination among winemakers, wine enthusiasts, and consumers alike, as they explore the notion of reconnecting with a bygone era and embracing a lifestyle reminiscent of the past. “Orange” wine, a product derived from white grapes, encapsulates the intriguing allure of ancient winemaking methods that trace their roots back to Georgia. The method enables an elevated presence of phenolic compounds, which can have a favorable influence on the sensory characteristics of the wines or their behavior during oxidative processes. Given the scarcity of widespread knowledge, this overview aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the historical evolution of winemaking and its various transformations over the years. It delves into the intricacies of winemaking technology, particularly focusing on the unique utilization of qvevri vessels. In addition to traditional sources, this review examines the influence of winemaking technology and the utilization of special vessels on the characteristics of “orange” wines. It explores the unique traits that develop in these wines as a result of prolonged maceration. By considering the impact of these factors, the review offers insights into the distinct qualities and attributes that emerge in “orange” wines during the winemaking process
Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens
No full textIt is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine–immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune–pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560–480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body’s internal response
Reserches on effeciency of irrigation arrangements in The OUAI“Aqua” Soloneț North Bivolari, Iaşi County
No full textEvoluția principalelor faze de vegetație la unele soiuri vechi autohtone în condițiile colecției ampelografice a ISPHTA
No full textIn the paper is presented the evolution during the last 50 years of the principal phenological phases of some old autochthonous varieties in the conditions of the Ampelographic Collection of the Scientific and Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies of the Republic of Moldova, in the context of evolution during this period of climatic parameters. The observations covered three distinct periods: 1962-1968, 1978-1987 and 2012-2014. For most varieties, during the last study period, there is a pronounced trend of earlier development of all phenological phases. The analysis of the qualitative parameters indicates a decrease, compared to the previous periods, of the total acidity of must
Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Bacillus megaterium and Rhodotorula sp. Inactivated Biomass
No full textDue to the adverse effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) on human health and the quality of the environment, the scientific community has invested a lot of effort to solve this pollution problem. Thus, implementing sustainable alternatives for Cr6+ elimination by exploiting the capacity of microbial biomass to retain heavy metals by biosorption is considered an economic and eco-friendly solution, compared to the conventional physico-chemical processes. However, the ability of microorganisms to remove Cr6+ from liquid effluents can strongly be affected by biotic and abiotic factors. With these issues in mind, the main purpose of this paper was to investigate Cr6+ biosorption on Bacillus megaterium and Rhodotorula sp. biomass inactivated by thermal treatments, exploring the effects of some factors such as: pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentration of the metal in solution, temperature and contact time between the biosorbent and the metal ions on process effectiveness. The results showed that Cr6+ removal by biosorption on the selected microorganisms was strongly influenced by the pH of the solution which contains chromium, the reduction being the principal mechanism involved in hexavalent chromium biosorption. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were also performed, together with SEM-EDX and FTIR spectra, to explain the mechanisms of the biosorption process on the selected biomasses. Maximum uptake capacities of 34.80 mg/g biosorbent and 47.70 mg/g biosorbent were achieved by Bacillus megaterium and Rhodotorula sp., respectively, at pH 1, biosorbent dosage of 8 g/L, 25 °C, after a contact time of 48 h and an initial Cr6+ concentration in solution of 402.52 mg/L. The experimental results showed that Cr6+ biosorption by selected microorganisms followed the Elovich model, the values of the correlation coefficients being 0.9868 and 0.9887, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model best describes the Cr6+ biosorption by Bacillus megaterium and Rhodotorula sp., indicating that a multilayer biosorption mainly controls the process and is conducted on heterogeneous surfaces with uniformly distributed energy
Food Defense, Food Safety and Food Industry
Get PDFThe potential of this study is to investigate issues regarding potential application of Food Defense concepts for Food
Industry. According to Larson (2023), consumers face the risk that their food is unsafe because of natural and accidental
contamination (traditional food safety problems) or deliberate contamination (food defense problems). Food Safety
refers to a potential accidental hazard (physical, chemical, or microbiological) that may occur and Food Defense
concerns a hazard that may be intentionally introduced, including by acts of terrorism. The study is based on
exploratory research. A qualitative approach based on interviews with the Managers from the Food Industry. Other
secondary data were collected through a private certification database
Optimization of tomato cultivation technology in protected areas through the use of direct current
No full textEffect of natural antioxidants on lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive tract in free-range birds
No full textApple trees fertilization and its influence on the potassium content in soil and plants in correlation with calcium and magnesium absortion
No full textThe paper presents how the soil fertilization with NPK in different doses and combined with two types of foliar fertilizers, applied to an apple tree orchard, changes the potassium content in soil and leaves. For a better understanding of the results, chemical analysis of the leaves and of the soil at two depths: 0-20cm and 20-40cm were chemically performed. The study was carried out in an apple orchard, located in the Didactic Farm “V. Adamachi" that belongs to the University of Life Sciences from Iasi (IULS), Romania. Results shows that fertilizers applied in the soil had a positive influence, increasing the soil content of potassium closer to the optimal range: 200-300 ppm. However, the content of potassium in the apple tree leaves stays low and below the optimum condition. The control (no fertilizers applied) had the lowest content for Kt (0.99%) in the leaves. Studying the content of calcium (mean – .65%) and magnesium (mean - 0.74%) in the dry matter of the leaves we see that there are not significant differences between the fertilization variants. Their values exceed the optimal limits
Future Antimicrobials: Natural and Functionalized Phenolics
No full textWith incidence of antimicrobial resistance rising globally, there is a continuous need for development of new antimicrobial molecules. Phenolic compounds having a versatile scaffold that allows for a broad range of chemical additions; they also exhibit potent antimicrobial activities which can be enhanced significantly through functionalization. Synthetic routes such as esterification, phosphorylation, hydroxylation or enzymatic conjugation may increase the antimicrobial activity of compounds and reduce minimal concentrations needed. With potent action mechanisms interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA replication or enzyme production, phenolics can target multiple sites in bacteria, leading to a much higher sensitivity of cells towards these natural compounds. The current review summarizes some of the most important knowledge on functionalization of natural phenolic compounds and the effects on their antimicrobial activity