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Conditioning of praziquantel and florfenicol for some heterologous coinfections of farmed carp
Get PDFCoinfections can alter the course and severity of different fish diseases. Suspensions of praziquantel (PZQ) and florfenicol (FFC ) based on sunflower oil can be an effective alternative for treating fish coinfections. The use of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate in the presence of ethoxylated castor oil in the preparation of PZQ and FFC suspensions has improved the stability of these suspensions. This PZQ and FFC preparation can be used in the treatment of parasitic/bacterial heterologous coinfections. The suspension of the PZQ and FFC preparation can be administered by water-diffusion, having a controlled release. The compounds are biodegradable and the route of administration remains safe for the environment
Contributions concerning the study of the antiseptic effect of sulfur dioxide on the yeasts present in two wines provided by Cotnari vineyard
No full textSulfur dioxide is one of the most used antiseptics in vinification. Its action on the "infection" microorganisms found in wine cellars is demonstrated by numerous studies. The present study shows that the antiseptic potential of sulfur dioxide is highly dependent on the concentration of its free form. The high concentrations of free sulfur dioxide corroborated with the prolonged contact period lead to the killing of the yeast cells quickly and evenly, while at low concentrations its lethal effect is greatly diminished. At low concentrations the lethal effect of sulfur dioxide is highly dependent on the contact time of the yeast cells with the environment. In this case, their mortality rate is very uneven. This phenomenon is also explained by the losses that occur due to the volatilization of sulfur dioxide, of oxidation or on account of its binding to other compounds
Studiu privind consumabilitatea frunzei de dud în raport cu vârsta larvelor de bombyx mori
No full textDuring the growth of silk larvae series on summertime,alternated with the development of several experiences regarding the nutritional value of mulberry leaves obtained from some varieties.There were alsostudied the dynamics of leaf consumption by Bombyx mori larvae. Data regarding this fact shown that if during age I, the average value of consumption coefficient was 24.72±0.88%,which it has been increased progressively while the larvae grew (during age V this coefficient was 51.57±0.42%). During the whole larvae period, the consumption coefficient registeredan average value of 51.07±0.45%
Improvement of the agrolandhaft structure due to the cultivation of perennial grasses on eroded soil
No full textAs it is known, natural steps are not just a value of forage production. Most of them occupying an intermediate position between arable land and water areas and the especially dense branch network, they have a high conservation role in agricultural landscapes: they protect the soil from erosion, the riverbanks of the rivers from clogging and channel destruction. However, forests also serve as a second powerful natural bio filter surface factor of water and soil, in fact, they form the quantity and quality of water resources in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the phytocenotic agricultural ecological bases and the agrotechnical basis for the formation of high productivity grass
mixtures, their fertilization and their management
The influence of treatments with different phytosanitary products (fungicides) on the attack of some phytopathogenic fungi and on wheat harvest – Apache variety - in 2018 pedoclimatic conditions of the Eastern Bărăgan
No full textThis study aims at monitoring the dynamics of the occurrence and evolution of the attack of some pathogenic agents to French wheat variety, Apache. Among these, we mention: Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (sin. Puccinia triticina) which produces wheat’s brown rust and Septoria sp. which produces wheat’s brown leaf spotting (septoriosis). Also, the
influence of applying these fungicides on the harvest was monitored, as compared to the untreated control variant. One experiment with 7 variants (6 variants with phytosanitary treatment, plus one control variant not treated) was taken into consideration for this study, for which the following homologated phytosanitary products for wheat (according to PEST
–EXPERT) were used, as follows: FALCON 460 EC (triadimenole 43 g/l + buconazole167 g/l + spiroxamine 250 g/l), MYSTIC 250 EC (tebuconazole 250 g/l), BUMPER 250 EC (propiconazole 250 g/l), TOPSIN 500 SC (thyophanate-methyl 500 g/l). The treatment variants were the following: V1 - FALCON 460 EC 0.7 L/HA 1 treatment applied at spike’s releasing (12.05.2018), V2 - FALCON 460 EC 0.7 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (21.04.2018) + 1 treatment applied at kernel’s filling (1.06.2018), V3 - MYSTIC 250 EC 0.5 L/HA 1 treatment applied at spike’s releasing (12.05.2018), V4 – MYSTIC 250 EC 0.5 L/HA 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (21.04.2018) + 1 treatment applied at kernel’ filling (1.06.2018), V5 – BUMPER 250 EC 0.25 l/ha + TOPSIN 500 SC 0,75 l/ha 1 treatment applied at spike’s releasing (12.05.2018),V6 – BUMPER 250 EC 0.25 l/ha + TOPSIN 500 SC 0,75 l/ha 1 treatment applied at straw’s extension (21.04.2018) + 1 treatment applied at kernel’ filling (1.06.2018) and V7 – untreated control variant. The experiment was placed in Latin square; the 7 variants being placed in 7 repetitions.
Among the pathogenic agents under monitoring, Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici fungus, producing the brown rust, had produced the greatest attacks. The fungi of Septoria sp. variety producing the leaf’s brown rust (septoriosis) and Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici fungus, producing wheat’s mildew, produced rare attacks. The first two leaves placed
under the spike had been analyzed for the above. These observations had led to the conclusion that for all 6 treatment variants, the degree of attack (D.A. %) of the two diseases was more reduced than at the untreated control variant. The harvests of the treated variants were as follows: V1 - 8434 kg/ha, V2 - 8866 kg/ha, V3 - 8742 kg/ha, V4 - 9072 kg/ha, V5 - 8907 kg/ha, V6 - 8701 kg/ha and V7 (control variant not treated) - 8454 kg/ha
Analysis of statistical parameters used in bioequivalence assessment of a novel generic anthelmintic formula for sheep
No full textBioequivalence testing is one of the essential procedures used for marketing authorisation of veterinary medicinal products.The aim of this study was to implement a minimum set of statistical parameters in the bioequivalence assessment protocol of two anthelmintic formulas based on Triclabendazole (50 mg/mL) and Ivermectin (1 mg /mL), orally administered to sheep. The study can be synthesized to determine the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of the two products on 36 clinically healthy sheep, following an unicentric, randomized, cross-over, two-sequence, two-treatment and 14-day wash-out study design. Determination of plasma concentrations of Triclabendazole sulfoxide and Ivermectin was made by two rapid, selective high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. According to the implemented protocol, the statistical analysis of the data obtained corroborated a set of descriptive parameters (mean, standard deviation, interval) for the sample of subjects (age, weight) with pharmacokinetic parameters relevant for the active substances (Cmax, AUClast, AUCtot) with additional parameters (% extrapolated AUC, thalf, MRT) and drug safety (adverse events, clinical and laboratory screening and follow-up examinations). For bioequivalence assessment to all the primary pharmacokinetic parameters considered (Cmax, AUClast), a confidence interval of 90% for the ratio of the population means must be calculated. All these pharmacokinetic parameters were planned for analysis using ANOVA, after the data have been transformed (logarithmic transformation). A reference 90% confidence interval of 0.8 –
1.25 was chosen. The bioequivalence can be concluded if the calculated 90% confidence interval around the ratio of means (Test/Reference) using log transformed data falls within the reference acceptance range of 0.8–1.25 for all primary pharmacokinetic parameters of triclabendazole sulfoxide and ivermectin. Finally, the bioequivalence of the two anthelmintic products and, respectively, the possibility of exchanging information between them in the veterinary therapeutic field is determined on the basis of the relevance of the values obtained in the statistical analyzes, especially of the pharmacokinetic parameters
Additions to the oribatid mites fauna (acari, sarcoptiformes, oribatida) and their community structure in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
No full textThe present study is part of some recent ecological investigations carried out in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve in order to assess the risks to biodiversity and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on characteristic ecosystems. Meadows and agro-ecosystems have been taken into study, aiming to investigate qualitatively and
quantitatively the oribatid communities, diversity and distribution of species depending on the type of habitat. In terms of fauna 60 species have been identified belonging to 43 genera and 31 families of the suborder Oribatida Dugès, 1834. The family Ctenacaridae Grandjean, 1954, genera Ctenacarus Grandjean, 1939 Exochocepheus Woolley and Higgins, 1968, also the species Ctenacarus araneolus (Grandjean, 1932), Exochocepheus laticuspis (Balogh and Mahunka, 1965) and Oribatula (Zygoribatula) andrianovae (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967) were recorded for the first time in Romanian fauna. The global average abundance and number of species varies widely from one sampling site to another, even in the case of similar ecosystems. However, in the non-grazing meadows, generally higher values of these parameters were observed compared to cultivated soils and pastures. From a qualitative point of view, notable differences were observed in the species composition of the oribatid communities in meadows and crops, even if they were located in the immediate vicinity. On the other hand, a degree of similarity was noted in the species composition and structure of oribatid coenoses in the agro-ecosystems, regardless of the type of crop and soil
Current situation of insects species which are affecting the plants in The Botanical Park of Timisoara
No full textThe green spaces represent places of relaxation and release from the daily stress for many of the inhabitants of Timisoara but also from the other villages of the Timis county. The botanical park or botanical garden is one of the most visited green places, being located near the central historical area and also constituting an important didactic and
scientific support. The plants that enter its composition are both herbaceous and arboreous. In the last 10 years since its rearrangement, a number of plants have been affected by insects, either indigenous or invasive. A current overview of the analyzed landscape shows that it has lost its aesthetic and scientific qualities, so that areas with healthy plants alternate with areas with affected plants (natural color change, appearance of sticky secretions and inadequate odors due to the attack of Hemiptera, premature maturation, etc.). For an efficient management of the monitoring activities, the park was divided into 5 sectors, in which, 10 observation points were established. Monthly, during May-September, 2019, readings were made at each observation point (identified with the help of GPS mobile). From our observations it was found that the following species of insects were present, at a medium and high population level: Metcalfa pruinosa, Nezara viridula, Cydalima perspectalis, Cameraria ohridella Tetranychus urticae, Eriophyes tiliae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii and Eriosoma lanigerum. Also other species were observed, but at a lower level. We focused mainly on invasive species, which unfortunately were the most aggressive, in many cases their attack manifesting until the plant is compromised. This is the case of the species Metcalfa pruinosa (from Hemiptera) and Cydalyma perspectalis (from Lepidoptera) which have proved to be the most dangerous insect species for the plants in the botanical park
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis in cows in Transylvania during 2014-2019
No full textBovine mastitis is still a problem, both in terms of economic losses, animal health and welfare the increased risk of human health. Based on these affirmations, the purpose of the study was to establish the prevalence of the main etiological agents involved in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis, while also evaluating their antimicrobial susceptibility and choosing the most effective antibiotic regarding epidemiological control. This study was based on a retrospective analysis of bovine mastitis cases registered at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca, during five years (2014 - 2019). A total of 347 mastitis milk samples from Transylvanian dairy farms and private owners were registered within the laboratory. For the total number of examined samples, a percentage of 89% were represented by Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., 53% (183 samples), Streptococcus spp., 24% (84 samples), Bacillus spp. 12% (42 samples) , and a percentage of 11% were represented by Gram negative bacteria E.coli 7% (23 samples) and Klebsiella spp., 4% (15 samples). After the isolation and identification of the pathogens, antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method, using the following antibiotics: Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid, Ceftiofur, Florfenicol, Mastidiscs, Enrofloxacin, Penicillin and Cloxacillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for the total isolates revealed good sensitivity to Florfenicol, Enrofloxacin and Mast discs. Resistance was observed for Penicillin and Cloxacillin
"Incidence of some intoxications evolution in Romania in Apis mellifera carpathica bees monitored in a bee disease prevention program in the active beekeeping season of 2019"
No full textThe aim of this paper consisted in evaluating the intoxication cases and their dynamics during the active
beekeeping season of 2019 for Apis mellifera carpathica bees monitored in a program for the prevention of
infectious and non-infectious diseases. Following the corroboration of the anamnestic data with the
morphoclinical data, suspicion of intoxication with toxic feed (pollen), chemicals (pesticides) and medicinal
products (antiparasitic products) was established, excluding other causes of illness. During the period of the
study, 113 apiaries from different geographic areas of Romania were monitored; counting a number of 7007
bee families, and was identified a number of 18 apiaries (16%) with susceptibility of intoxication, including
a number of 1582 bee families (22.57%). The percentage dynamics of the intoxication cases in the studied
bee families was the following: 34.07% intoxication with toxic food, 59.6% intoxication with chemical
substances and 6.33% intoxication with drugs. We mention that this proportion of the intoxication was on
the background of an active beekeeping season in 2019 with many rainfall and extreme weather phenomena