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Dietary ascorbic acid and chromium supplementation for broilers reared under thermoneutral conditions vs. high heat stress
No full textThe present study evaluates the effect of dietary ascorbic acid and chromium (AACr) on performance and microflora balance of broiler reared under thermoneutral conditions (TN) vs. high heat stress (HS). Two experiments were conducted on 112 Cobb 500 broilers, assigned in two experimental groups (28 chickens/group) and housed in an environmental controlled hall. Two groups (C-TN and AACr-TN) were kept in thermoneutral conditions. In the second experiment, other two groups were kept (C-HS and AACr-HS) in high heat stress (32° C). The structure of diets was the same in both experiments. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet included the addition of a premix with 25 g ascorbic acid / kg premix + 20 mg chromium picolinate/ kg premix (AACr). At the end of the experiment, 8 broilers / group were slaughtered and samples of intestinal and caecal content were collected for bacteriological assessment. Dietary AACr did not affect (p>0.05) body weight, daily feed intake, feed conversion rate neither under TN nor under HS condition. The use of AACr in broiler diet led to a significantly reduction of staphylococci in the caecum. Both in caecum and intestinal content of AACr broilers, irrespective the temperature conditions the number of lactobacilli was significantly higher than in the C broilers. Combination of ascorbic acid and Cr (AACr) has a positive effect in limiting the development of the pathogenic bacteria colonizing the intestine and caecum during the heat stress
Researches on the physiological responses of some bean genotypes subjected to the influence of the salt stress
No full textStudies and research on water losses from irrigation systems
No full textThe advanced degree of wear of the irrigation system infrastructure determines the occurrence and maintenance of water
losses. The research was conducted in irrigation systems located in the eastern part of Romania and which have different
periods of operation, but all performed before 1990. The research highlighted the complexity of the process of degradation of
structural elements and the development of water loss. The structural degradation of the canals and pipes under the action of
natural and anthropogenic factors determined the appearance of water losses and, implicitly, the decrease of the hydraulic
efficiency. The research highlighted a degree of degradation of the supply and distribution channels of about 40-60%. An
important influence in the degradation action was the absence of maintenance and repair works. Significant water losses are
recorded in the pipelines. Their value reaches 18 - 27% of the transported flow, being determined by the wear of the material
and the aging of the components of the hydraulic installations. Water losses are of the visible, hidden and background type.
The use of European funds to rehabilitate irrigation systems requires reducing water losses
Needles in a haystack: Extremely rare invasive fungal infections reported in FungiScope (R)-Global Registry for Emerging Fungal Infections
No full textObjectives
Emerging invasive fungal infections (IFI) have become a notable challenge. Apart from the more frequently described fusariosis, lomentosporiosis, mucormycosis, scedosporiosis, and certain dematiaceae or yeasts, little is known about extremely rare IFI.
Methods
Extremely rare IFI collected in the FungiScopeⓇ registry were grouped as Dematiaceae, Hypocreales, Saccharomycetales, Eurotiales, Dermatomycetes, Agaricales, and Mucorales.
Results
Between 2003 and June 2019, 186 extremely rare IFI were documented in FungiScopeⓇ. Dematiaceae (35.5%), Hypocreales (23.1%), Mucorales (11.8%), and Saccharomycetales (11.3%) caused most IFI. Most patients had an underlying malignancy (38.7%) with acute leukemia accounting for 50% of cancers. Dissemination was observed in 26.9% of the patients. Complete or partial clinical response rate was 68.3%, being highest in Eurotiales (82.4%) and in Agaricales (80.0%). Overall mortality rate was 29.3%, ranging from 11.8% in Eurotiales to 50.0% in Mucorales.
Conclusions
Physicians are confronted with a complex variety of fungal pathogens, for which treatment recommendations are lacking and successful outcome might be incidental. Through an international consortium of physicians and scientists, these cases of extremely rare IFI can be collected to further investigate their epidemiology and eventually identify effective treatment regimens
Opportunities for the development of agricultural farms in ne region by attracting European funds
No full textThe paper aims to present a synthesis of data from the literature on the situation of Romanian agriculture in the European context, emphasizing the concept of agricultural farm development by attracting European funds.The research aimed at the diagnostic analysis of the results obtained by agricultural farms and the impact of European
funds in the context of integration into the European Union. It is found that, after Romania's accession to the European Union, the possibilities for the development of agricultural farms have increased, as a result of their advantage of accessing European funds, with a fairly large share of their non-reimbursement. In this context, the research started from the economic-financial analysis of the situation of agriculture in the North-East Development Region, according to which to proceed to adopt measures that will lead, first of all, to the increase of agricultural production and, in secondly, to make it more efficient by attracting European funds. The need to reorganize this sector according to
European Union standards requires the adoption of a new model of planning, organization, motivation, coordination and control at the level of all its mechanisms. From the point of view of the measures offered in support of the European Union, it should also be mentioned that, atypically, for the EAFRD, it was not the aggressive media coverage that determined the placement of certain counties in the first positions, but rather the capital inflows that penetrated the last. period in these counties, in conjunction, most likely with open management by the local authorities involved. Research methodology was based on the investigation of information from official documents, but also from
technical-economic analysis, SWOT analysis and case studies. The results obtained through the research undertaken can be models for farmers to develop their agricultural activity and improve the technologies used, both in plant production and in animal husbandry
Karyotype of the Ukrainian Mountain-Carpathian sheep breed
No full textThe main purpose of this work was to describe the karyotype variability of the Ukrainian
Mountain-Carpathian sheep breed. Cytogenetic studies were carried out on a group of 25 sheep
Ukrainian Mountain-Carpathian breed. The cultivation of lymphocytes, preparing the cytogenetic
samples, classification and registration of chromosome aberrations were held using conventional
methods. It was established that the number and structure of the chromosomes of sheep of the
Ukrainian Mountain-Carpathian breed corresponds to the norm typical for this species of animals.
Chromosomal variability of the studied population includes 19.22% of numerical and structural
aberrations. By the number and structure of the chromosome set of the Ukrainian Mountain-
Carpathian sheep breed do not differ from other breeds of sheep. Accurate identification of
individual chromosomes with routine coloring allows using cytogenetic studies in breeding practice
in sheep breeding
Anatomical peculiarities of the broad-snouted caiman’s skull and vertebral column bones (Caiman latirostris)
No full textIt was noticed that the caiman skull is diaspid, presenting two temporal fossae, one superior (dorsal) and one
inferior (lateral). The cranial cavity is reduced compared to the development of the skull, with the orbits and nostrils
having a lateral orientation. The occipital has a single articular condyle for the atlas. In front of the first vertebra, atlas,
there is an undeveloped proatlas vertebra. The cervical vertebrae have developed transverse processes. There is also a
ventral creast on the body of the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic vertebrae have detached transverse processes, which
grow towards the end of the region, serving alone for the articulation with the ribs. The sacral region is short, and
consist in two vertebrae which articulate with the ilium. The caudal vertebrae bear relatively long neural and haemal
spines, forming a ventral arch for the blood vessels
Comparative study regarding the influence of phytobiotcs as feed additives on biochemical composition of Oreochromis Niloticus meat
No full textThe aim of this research was to evaluate the biochemical composition of the Nile tilapia meat in
conditions of five phytobiotics administrated in feed. This experiment was performed in duplicate.
The experimental variants were: V1 – control variant, V2 – 1% chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) /
kg feed, V3 – 1% black pepper (Pipper nigrum) / kg feed, V4 – 1% onion (Allium cepa) / kg feed, V5
– 1% goji fruits (Lycium barbarum) / kg feed and V6 – 1% basil (Ocimum basilicum) / kg feed. For
biochemical analysis from muscle tissue, the sampling was performed at the beginning and at the
end of the experiment from fresh meat. The results showed a significant differences (p<0.05),
between variants in which were administered phytobiotics compared with the control variant, in
case of the protein content (%), moisture content (%) and dry matter (%). Also, in this paper are
presented the dynamics of the nutrient retention efficiency (PER-g/g, PUE-%, RP-g/fish and RLg/
fish) in the muscle tissue of the Nile tilapia. The best results were obtained in the case of the V3
variant regarding to retained protein (RP), PER and PUE and in V5 variant regarding to retained
lipid (RL). In conclusion, the use of these phytobiotics in a concentration of 1% / kg feed in the Nile
tilapia diet, led to significant changes (p <0.05) in the positive sense of the percentage moisture,
protein and dry matter from muscle tissue and has contributed to the increasing the nutritional
value of fish
Analysis of deoxynivalenol in cereals and foods derived from them, at the level of Iasi county
No full textThe paper presents information on deoxynivalenol contamination of cereals and food products derived from them, in
Iasi County, in the 2015-2019 study interval. Data are presented on the incidence of deoxynivalenol, which has a
negative influence on food safety, with a negative impact on the consumer’s health. The study was conducted to assess
the level of contamination of cereals and food products derived from them in Iasi County and to adopt European
Commission regulations on maximum levels of mycotoxins in various raw materials and products for human
consumption.The method used for the study is a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
which allows to obtain exact concentrations for the studied mycotoxin, expressed in µg / kg. The obtained results were
within the maximum limits allowed by the current specific legislation
Research Regarding Crude Chemical Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Some Ecological Forages Utilised in Dairy Cows Nourishment
No full textKowing the importance of utilised food for milk obtaining, in the current paper we determine the chemical composition of a natural meadow and green mass alfalfa cultivated in ecological and conventional systems, utilised for dairy cows feeding. Were analysed the content in: dry matter DM (%), crude ash C.Ash (%), organic substance OS (%), crude protein CP (%), crude cellulose CC (%), non-nitrogenous extractive substances NES (%), neutral detergent fibre NDF (%), acid detergent fibre ADF (%), Ca (%), P (%), heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu - ppm), nitrates, nitrites and pesticides. Analysis were realised in two consecutive production years, for each indicator being made 5 determinations. Samples gathering and analysis were effectuated in according with standards and enshrined working methods. Differences between crude chemical composition of forages obtained in ecological system and the ones obtained by conventional agriculture had statistical significance (from significant - p ≤ 0.05 - to very significant - p ≤ 0.001) for the majority of indicators. Differences between those two production systems were insignificant only for crude fat (both forages), crude cellulose (alfalfa), non-nitrogenous extractive substances (both forages) and for acid detergent fibre (alfalfa). Both forages were safety regarding pollutants (heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates and pesticides), existing however statistically differences between those two production systems, in the favour of ecologica