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As alterações climáticas e a responsabilidade internacional dos Estados
No full textA responsabilidade internacional dos Estados no contexto das alterações climáticas constitui um dos desafios mais críticos do direito internacional contemporâneo. A pesquisa analisou como o regime geral da responsabilidade internacional se aplica às alterações climáticas, considerando suas características únicas e os desafios jurídico-normativos envolvidos. A investigação justifica-se pela urgência da crise climática global e a necessidade de compreender como o direito internacional responde às exigências de mitigação e adaptação. O objetivo geral visou analisar a responsabilidade jurídica internacional dos Estados face às alterações climáticas, examinando o quadro normativo aplicável, a natureza das obrigações e os mecanismos de implementação. A metodologia adotou abordagem jurídico-dogmática, complementada por análise jurisprudencial, baseando-se em tratados, decisões judiciais e doutrina especializada. Os resultados demonstraram que o regime geral da responsabilidade internacional é aplicável às alterações climáticas, mas necessita adaptações específicas. O Acordo de Paris estabelece um quadro híbrido de obrigações que desafia abordagens tradicionais. A omissão estatal em medidas de mitigação configura fato ilícito. A integração com direitos humanos oferece vias promissoras para responsabilização. A principal contribuição inclui a análise tipológica das obrigações climáticas, a investigação da responsabilidade por omissão e a demonstração da complementaridade entre regimes climáticos e direitos humanos.The international responsibility of States in the context of climate change is one of the most critical challenges of contemporary international law. The research analyzed how the general regime of international responsibility applies to climate change, considering its unique characteristics and the legal-normative challenges involved. The research is justified by the urgency of the global climate crisis and the need to understand how international law responds to the demands of mitigation and adaptation. The general objective was to analyze the international legal responsibility of States in the face of climate change, examining the applicable normative framework, the nature of obligations and implementation mechanisms. The methodology adopted a legal-dogmatic approach, complemented by case law analysis, based on treaties, judicial decisions and specialized doctrine. The results demonstrated that the general regime of international responsibility is applicable to climate change, but requires specific adaptations. The Paris Agreement establishes a hybrid framework of obligations that challenges traditional approaches. State failure to take mitigation measures constitutes a wrongful act. Integration with human rights offers promising avenues for accountability. The main contribution includes the typological analysis of climate obligations, the investigation of liability for omission and the demonstration of the complementarity between climate regimes and human rights
From Gen Z to Boomers: Motivational drivers shaping Industry 5.0 and the future of work
No full textThe rise of Industry 5.0 (I5.0)—with human-centricity as its defining pillar, complemented by sustainability and resilience—coincides with an unprecedented moment in workforce history: the simultaneous presence of four generations, including the emerging Generation Z. Human-centricity in this paradigm emphasizes well-being, purpose, and meaningful work as critical elements in reconfiguring organizations. Despite its centrality, there is still limited scholarly understanding of how generational motivations align or diverge in shaping this human-centered future of work. This study addresses that gap by exploring work-related motivators across Baby Boomers, Generation X, Y, and Z, aiming to inform foresight-driven organizational strategies. Using an inductive, two-phase approach—a Generation Z-focused workshop followed by a global multigenerational survey—we applied Correspondence Analysis to map value clusters among the generations. Findings reveal that Gen Y and Z converge on priorities like work-life balance, career development, and non-monetary incentives, while Gen X shares Z’s sense of purpose, albeit with more organizational and societal framing. Baby Boomers diverge most, valuing stability, creativity, and structured environments. Theoretically, the study contributes to futures scholarship by conceptualizing generational values as foresight variables—early signals of paradigm shifts in leadership, purpose, and motivation that reinforce and extend the human-centric vision of I5.0. Practically, we offer recommendations for designing inclusive, foresight-informed HR strategies that leverage generational diversity as a foundation for socially just and future-resilient organizations
Art and Popular Religiosity: The “Alminhas” from Sabugal, Portugal
No full textThis article belongs to the Special Issue Arts, Spirituality, and Religion.This article examines the “Alminhas” of the municipality of Sabugal in the Beira Alta region (Portugal) as expressions of popular religiosity and cultural heritage. The main goal of the study is to survey and analyse the iconography of tile panels found in 27 preserved oratories within the area. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving bibliographic research and fieldwork conducted across the 30 parishes of the municipality. This fieldwork involved taking photographs, georeferencing sites and collecting local testimonies. The research revealed that Christian themes, primarily focused on saving souls in purgatory, are prevalent, particularly images of Christ crucified, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and angels interceding for the souls in flames. There are also newer devotional motifs, such as Our Lady of Fátima. The findings emphasise the importance of these structures as symbols of local identity and evidence of deep-rooted religious customs, although they are currently threatened by deterioration, vandalism and undocumented changes. This work helps to recognise the “Alminhas” as an essential part of Portuguese religious and popular artistic heritage
(R)Evolução do conceito de criança: A criança na história e a história da criança
No full textO presente artigo traça um panorama sobre a evolução histórica da perceção da criança, desde a sua total desconsideração nas sociedades antigas até ao seu reconhecimento contemporâneo como sujeito de direitos. Através de uma análise diacrónica, evidencia-se a forma como a infância foi, durante séculos, invisibilizada no pensamento jurídico, filosófico e social, sendo apenas no século XX –com o advento dos direitos humanos e a consolidação de instrumentos internacionais –que se firmou uma verdadeira viragem de paradigma. A criança deixa de ser concebida como mero objeto de tutela para ser reconhecida como pessoa dotada de dignidade própria, titular de direitos fundamentais em função da sua crescente autonomia
Os Julgados de Paz: Análise e estudo do caso
No full textO presente trabalho aborda a temática dos julgados de paz e do direito comparado, com o intuito de analisar a aplicação e os desafios das instituições jurisdicionais dedicadas à resolução de litígios de menor complexidade. Os julgados de paz, enquanto instâncias de resolução extrajudicial ou semi-formal de conflitos, desempenham um papel fundamental na promoção da justiça acessível
e célere, contribuindo para a desburocratização do sistema judicial. Através da análise comparativa, este estudo visa identificar as melhores práticas adotadas em alguns ordenamentos jurídicos, explorando as soluções diversas que surgem nos sistemas de justiça em resposta a problemas semelhantes. O direito comparado, ao estudar as diferentes abordagens e adaptações legislativas, proporciona um olhar abrangente sobre a eficácia desses modelos e as suas implicações na garantia de um acesso à justiça mais democrático e equitativo. Ao longo da investigação, pretende-se demonstrar como os julgados de paz podem oferecer soluções inovadoras para a resolução de conflitos, tendo em vista a experiência de diferentes países e a sua aplicação no contexto português
Artigo 12.º: Objecto, competência e procedimentos [anotação]
No full textEsta obra reúne anotações ao Decreto-Lei n.º 272/2001, de 13 de outubro, em resultado da colaboração de diversos autores, que atuam em distintos contextos do universo jurídico e judiciário, com experiência no âmbito dos processos da competência do Ministério Público e das Conservatórias do Registo Civil. A mudança de paradigma introduzida por este diploma legal continua, ainda hoje, a suscitar relevantes questões teóricas e práticas, que aqui se analisam com o propósito de apoiar os profissionais e demais interessados nesta matéria
Workplace practices and work-life balance in Europe: the role of gender and home and family care
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which work practices promote work-life balance when family time is available (as a spillover effect from work to personal life) and how differently they affect men and women.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative and longitudinal approach is taken based on data from a large database made up of 71,758 workers from 36 European countries, collected in 2021 by the European Working Conditions Survey. After preliminary analysis (including exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis), the partial least square method was used to test the hypothesis of the conceptual model.
Findings
The results of this study reveal that some work practices (autonomy and confidence at work) positively affect work-life balance. The time available for family and domestic care positively affects work-life balance, and this effect is more relevant for women than for men.
Practical implications
These results are important for organizations that wish to promote not only family-friendly work practices but also above all gender-friendly work practices.
Originality/value
Based on a large sample of European workers, this study makes an important contribution by filling the gap on the understanding and importance of mechanisms outside the organizational context for promoting work-life balance through work practices, thus extending the notion of spillover effects while considering gender differences
What is the Impact of digital tools on hospitality business performance? The case of SME accommodation sector in Portugal
No full textDespite numerous studies on digital tools in tourism and hospitality, few quantitative investigations use an integrated set of these tools to enhance business success. This study examines the impact of digital tools on hospitality business performance, using data from 234 SMEs in Portugal's accommodation sector. Findings show that integrating tourist accommodation into business groups positively influences digital tool adoption. Higher investment in business digitalisation also positively affects tool adoption and overall performance. The most valued digital tools by Portuguese SMEs include updated websites, social networks, online store/reservation systems, and digital marketing. This study provides valuable insights for tourism marketers and business managers to enhance SMEs' competitiveness in the hospitality sector
Arts, Spirituality, and Religion
Full text linkThroughout history, art has played a central role in the articulation of spirituality and the experience of the sacred. From its integration into religious rituals and sacred spaces to its capacity to transcend institutional boundaries, art has been a profound vehicle for exploring humanity’s connection to the divine. The historical use of art in religious rituals and sacred spaces forms the foundation of this inquiry, revealing how visual, architectural, and performative arts have facilitated spiritual experiences across cultures and eras. Beyond historical frameworks, artistic expression remains a powerful medium for both personal and collective spirituality, enabling individuals and communities to grapple with existential questions and express devotion in innovative ways. As the relationship between the arts, spirituality, and religion evolves in increasingly secular societies, new questions emerge about their role in navigating metaphysical concerns. For example, digital media arts and electronic music festivals have emerged as transformative spiritual vehicles in contemporary society, offering novel ways to experience connection, transcendence, and meaning in modern contexts. This Special Issue aims to analyze the dynamic intersections of arts, spirituality, and religion, exploring how these domains historically and contemporarily shape the human experience. It seeks to observe and uncover how artistic practises can serve as profound vehicles for expressing the spiritual and the sacred while challenging and reinterpreting traditional religious narratives. Contributions spanning various artistic forms—visual arts, digital media arts, music, literature, performing arts, or architecture—aim to explore the role of fostering spiritual connection, religious devotion, and existential inquiry. Simultaneously, spirituality, which often transcends institutional religious frameworks, finds resonance in abstract and non-representational practises and esthetics, where ambiguity invites subjective interpretation and deeper introspection. This Special Issue invites interdisciplinary perspectives from art, theology, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, cultural studies, and technology, among others, to illuminate the transformative power of artistic languages connected to the metaphysical and the divine. Simultaneously, contemporary reinterpretations of the sacred through abstract and non-representational art challenge conventional religious narratives, inviting subjective engagement and introspection. Contributions are encouraged to explore how the arts foster inter-religious dialogue and cultural inclusion, serving as bridges between diverse spiritual traditions. Examining these intersections seeks to foster a deeper understanding of how the arts continue to shape and be shaped by spiritual and religious experiences in a promptly changing world
Evaluating the drivers of outbound tourism: Evidence from Central Asia
Full text linkPurpose – This study analyses the outbound tourism demand of Central Asia to 76 destinations for the twenty-one-year period (1995-2015). The main objective is to investigate the extent to which economic and non-economic determinants impact the volume of outbound tourism flows in Central Asia.
Methodology/Design/Approach – The study formalizes the static panel data, the set of 76 destinations, and five Central Asia countries. The application of the gravity model has been employed using the least squares dummy variables (LSDV) estimation technique.
Findings – The findings reveal that the outbound tourism demand of Central Asia is found to be highly income elastic and price inelastic. Costs of transportation and visa restrictions between bilateral countries cause a substantial decline in the number of overseas travel. Among other factors, a peaceful political environment in a destination is defined as a key element to attract tourists from Central Asia.
Originality of the research – This research represents the first attempt to analyse outbound tourism demand in Central Asia, taking into account factors in both the origin and destination countries, such as visa restrictions, political stability, tourist income, the price of goods and services, and common language