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Vasiliauskas c. Lituânia: Discriminação de um grupo político
No full textO presente artigo apresenta-se como um escrutínio à densificação do caso Va si-liauskas c. Lituânia, apurando-o em diversos quadrantes que não o meramente jurídico e que, no cúmulo de todos, deveria ter determinado outra decisão do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos (TEDH) que assentiu no juízo de que a Lituânia violou a ConvençãoEuropeia dos Direitos Humanos (CEDH), concretamente o artigo 7.º.
Enunciação compactada do caso concreto A Lituânia aplicou retroativamente a um seu cidadão uma conceção ampliada e amplifi-cada de genocídio contemplada na lei nacional em vigor à data da condenação, mas não contemporânea do(s) ato(s) executado(s) por Vasiliauskas. Nitidamente a consideraçãoconceptual do crime de genocídio foi desenhada legalmente com o propósito de julgaras pessoas que assumiram posições repressivas ao entono dos interesses soviéticos na Lituânia durante a ocupação do seu território pela União Soviética após a SegundaGuerra Mundial. Perante esta realidade, o TEDH perfilhou um entendimento engajado por uma maioriadelicada, uma vez que deu azo a um conjunto de votos vencidos com um manancialcrítico bastante acintoso e que detém um denominador comum de que o Tribunal adotou uma linha de pensamento acentuadamente formal, descurando censuradamente uma veia material de realização prática da justiça, a qual era devida às vítimas da preditarepressão soviética, que a clamam com toda a oportunidade histórica e pessoal. Os votos vencidos têm, entre outras valências, o relevo de estribar um eixo de pensa-mento que permitirá acomodar o julgamento e eventual condenação de atos similaresde sevícias seletivas e enformadas por razões políticas
Evaluating the acceptance of CBDCs: Experimental research with artificial intelligence (AI) generated synthetic response
Full text linkThis research examines the factors that influence the public's expectation for more information, acceptance or rejection of central bank digital currencies (CBDC). Using generative AI (ChatGPT 4.0), responses were simulated to mimic CBDC adoption scenarios, considering demographic attributes, such as gender, income, education, age, level of financial literacy, network effect, media influence, and merchant acceptance. A total of 663 synthetic responses were generated and analyzed using statistical methods and multinomial logistic regression to assess the probability of acceptance, rejection, or waiting for more information to decide. The chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) model showed a high performance in correctly classifying cases of acceptance, indecision, and rejection, presenting an accuracy of 92.6%. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that factors, such as educational level, financial experience, and income level, significantly influence the decision to accept a CBDC. This method also shows a high performance, as it obtained an accuracy of 96.4%. These results are in line with previous research and underline the effectiveness of generative AI as a reproducible and low-cost tool for analyzing hypothetical scenarios. Generative AI, with its algorithmic fidelity, has great potential for predicting human behavior in economic contexts. However, synthetic data may not capture the complexities and nuances of actual human decision making. As a result, certain contextual factors, emotional influences, and unique personal experiences that may significantly influence an individual's decision to accept or reject CBDC may be overlooked
Beyond Kaplan-Meier: A comprehensive R Package for Interval-Censored Survival Analysis using Turnbull’s Approach
No full textThis work is funded by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the UID/00013: Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Minho (CMAT/UM) Program Contract, and the project reference 2023.14897.PEX (DOI: 10.54499/2023.14897.PEX).Interval-censored data frequently arise in survival analysis when the exact time of an event is unknown but is known to occur within a specific time interval. Traditional methods like the Kaplan-Meier estimator are inadequate for such data, necessitating specialized approaches. This paper presents an R library designed to handle interval-censored data, emphasizing the use of Turnbull’s estimator for nonparametric survival estimation. The package offers flexible functionalities, including the calculation of survival estimates, the generation of both static and interactive plots, and the construction of bootstrap-based confidence bands. Additionally, the library provides users with detailed outputs such as Turnbull intervals and their corresponding weights, which are instrumental in understanding the survival distribution and serve as an analogue to Kaplan-Meier weights in right-censored contexts. These weights enable the extension of survival analysis methods to more complex models, including multi-state frameworks. The practical utility of the library is demonstrated using real-world datasets, highlighting its potential to support advanced survival analysis and foster the development of new estimators beyond traditional survival probabilities
Attitudes of University Students Toward Individuals Who Have Committed Sexual Crimes: The Role of Sociodemographic and Personality Variables
No full textUnderstanding the attitudes of justice-related students toward individuals who have committed sexual crimes (ICSC) is crucial, as they will likely work with them. This study examines the attitudes of 418 Portuguese University students in psychology, criminology, and law toward ICSC and their rehabilitation, exploring variations based on sociodemographic and personality variables. Participants completed the Attitudes toward Sex Offenders Scale, the Attitudes toward Treatment of Sex Offenders Scale, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Students generally hold negative attitudes toward ICSC and their rehabilitation, with criminology students expressing the most positive attitudes. Regression analyses reveal that those who oppose rehabilitation also hold negative attitudes toward ICSC, and lower openness, agreeableness, and negative attitudes toward ICSC are linked to unfavorable attitudes toward rehabilitation. These findings highlight the need to enhance education about this population and their rehabilitation in higher education to better prepare future professionals for effective and compassionate work with ICSC
The European Union’s Potential in Mitigating Climate Change Caused by Tourism: Classification of the 27 EU Member States Tourists’ Sustainable Behaviours
No full textClimate change is now a global phenomenon with severe social and economic implications, including for tourism. Tourism is currently one of the most dynamic economic sectors in the world and one of the main ones responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time as it contributes to global warming, the tourism sector is also one of the primary victims of climate change. Strengthening climate change mitigation measures is paramount for the sectors’ resilience. These changes require a collective and concerted effort by all stakeholders, including tourists, to transition to a tourism sector that minimises its environmental footprint. The question arises whether tourists are willing to change their habits towards an environmentally sustainable tourism. This study proposes a system for classifying citizens from the 27 European Union (EU) member states as future sustainable tourists. The data used were retrieved from the European survey—Flash Eurobarometer 499, involving 25711 European citizens. The proposed method relies on a decision tree-based algorithm—Random Forest, to achieve intelligent classifications based on Machine Learning. The implementation of this classification system was preceded by the exploration of respondents’ willingness to change, in the future, their travel and tourist habits towards environmental sustainability by gender, age, and region of residence. The main findings suggest a notable trend in EU countries towards greater tourism sustainability among women belonging to Generation Y (aged between 30 and 44) and from the Eastern European region. With this information, the implemented algorithm can classify the environmental sustainability of EU citizens as future tourists with an accuracy of 63%. This study enriches the theoretical understanding of the intention of tourists’ pro-environmental behaviour. It highlights the need to adopt specific measures to increase awareness of human action in tourism for male citizens, for older generations, and for south, west, and north European regions
Sustainable Agritourism Heritage as a Response to the Abandonment of Rural Areas: The Case of Buenavista Del Norte (Tenerife)
No full textThis research examines the ongoing challenge of depopulation in rural areas, focusing on the municipality of Buenavista del Norte in the Canary Islands. The objective is to analyse how governance and local community participation can contribute to reversing rural decline and to identify concrete strategies for sustainable development. Depopulation significantly impacts the social and economic viability of small rural municipalities, exacerbating marginalisation and isolation. The study applies a qualitative methodology, including interviews with public representatives, key strategic sector informants, and participatory group dynamics, to identify projects and resources that could foster local development. A core focus is placed on the integration of tourism, particularly wine tourism, as a tool for economic diversification and combating rural decline. Despite the Canary Islands’ status as a mature tourist destination, rural areas have not equally benefited, with some experiencing stagnation. Results point to the relevance of public–private collaboration, community-based innovation, and participatory approaches that engage key actors from various sectors. These processes facilitate the identification of viable projects and reveal the potential of tourism and sustainable community initiatives to reduce regional disparities. The implications of this research highlight the need for integrated local development strategies, improved infrastructure, and quality public services as essential measures to confront demographic challenges in remote areas. The inclusive governance, combined with strategic planning and tourism-based innovation, offers a viable roadmap for revitalising rural municipalities and ensuring their long-term resilience
Synchronizing Treatment with Circadian Rhythm: A descriptive and exploratory analysis of adherence to endocrine therapy in breast cancer [abstract]
Full text linkBackground: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among adult women and represents a disruptive event in the life cycle, with recognized impacts on quality of life. The most recurrent tumors in this context are hormone-dependent (Li et al., 2022), and adjuvant endocrine therapy is considered an essential component of the therapeutic plan. It is widely used to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality, especially when administered over long periods (Uslu et al., 2023). Despite its proven effectiveness, deficits in prospective memory (i.e., the ability to plan an intention, retain it over time, and retrieve it when appropriate) may underlie unintentional nonadherence. Although the literature suggests the presence of subjective complaints of prospective memory in this context (Rodrigues et al., 2023), few studies have focused on understanding which factors influence these impairments in oncological settings. International studies have suggested that prospective memory may fluctuate throughout the day, influenced by circadian rhythm (i.e., morningness-eveningness/chronotype). Therefore, aligning medication intake with the optimal time of cognitive performance may reduce lapses in treatment adherence. Objectives: This preliminary study presents initial data from a project aimed at (i) characterizing behavioral patterns of adherence to endocrine therapy in breast cancer survivors and (ii) exploring the relationship between chronotype and prospective memory complaints. Methods: The sample included 65 women (Mage=47.5; SD=9.3; range=28–65), all undergoing endocrine therapy. Self-report instruments used were the Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the Metacognitive Prospective Memory Inventory—Short Form. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. Results: Of the participants, 69.2% had an intermediate chronotype, 18.5% morning-type, and 12.3% evening-type. Most were taking tamoxifen and/or exemestane, with 43.8% medicating at night. A significant association was found between chronotype and medication timing (X²(4) = 10.5; p = .032). There was also a trend for evening and intermediate types to report fewer prospective memory complaints, though not statistically significant. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that chronotype may affect medication timing preferences in breast cancer survivors on endocrine therapy. Aligning adherence with circadian rhythms could support personalized treatment strategies. Further research is needed to clarify its link with prospective memory complaints
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an ACT and compassion-based intervention for women with breast cancer: Study protocol of two randomised controlled trials
No full textBreast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and carries a considerable psychosocial burden. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and compassion-based approaches show promise in improving adjustment and quality of life in people with cancer. The Mind programme is an integrative ACT and compassion-based intervention tailored for women with breast cancer, which aims to prepare women for survivorship by promoting psychological flexibility and self-compassion. A pilot study of the Mind programme has shown acceptability and preliminary efficacy in improving quality of life and psychological health. This paper presents the study protocol of two randomised controlled trials that aim to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an optimised version of the Mind programme in women with breast cancer
Identification and analytical comparison of Supply Chain Management skills in Portugal
No full textThe use of digital technologies to optimize performance in logistics and supply chains is a phenomenon that aims to put the customer at the center of business thinking. The new scenarios arising from digital
transformation force logistics to adapt to a more complex, ever-changing, and highly uncertain environment. So, the demand for well-qualified logistics professionals to perform in this context becomes essential for organizations. The objective of the article is to identify the key logistics and supply chain management competencies to perform in an environment impacted by digital transformation. We analyzed the content of textual data from: (1) job advertisements in the logistics area in Portugal, and (2) academic research articles on competencies in the logistics area. The results show an evolution in the skills required, with greater emphasis on technical skills related to information technology. Furthermore, interpersonal skills such as communication, teamwork, and flexibility are highly valued
Comunicação prévia e legalidade: O estranho caso do Decreto-Lei 30-A/2022, de 18 de abril
No full textComunicação prévia e legalidade: O estranho caso do Decreto-Lei 30-A/2022, de 18 de abril na obra Estudos em homenagem ao Prof. Doutor Pedro Bacelar Vasconcelos, , ainda no pelo