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Entrepreneurial Production Technology and Growth of Smallholder Dairy Enterprises in Kenya
No full textThis study investigated influence of entrepreneurial production technology on growth of smallholder dairy enterprises in Kenya. The enterprises continuous respond to increasing demand for dairy products in the market from rising global populations. Dairy industry has introduced technologies, and adoption has increased productivity. In an attempt to gain and retain competitive advantage in the market, amidst environmental challenges, some related to climate change, enterprises have adopted entrepreneurial production technology. This study proposed that growth of smallholder dairy enterprises depends on the adoption of these technologies. The hypothesis was tested using a field survey on the actual technologies adopted by smallholders and extent of the adoption. Open and closed ended questionnaires were administered to a study sample of 395 smallholder dairy farmers, proportionately drawn from among active members, currently supplying milk to Githunguri, Wakulima and Nyala dairy cooperative societies in Kiambu, Nyeri, Nyandarua and Laikipia counties in high potential Central Kenya. The study established a significant positive influence of entrepreneurial production technology on growth of smallholder dairy enterprises in Kenya, supporting the idea that growth of smallholder dairy enterprises in Kenya is positively correlated to the extent of adoption of entrepreneurial production technologies in breeding, feeds production and feeding, and in waste handling. The results imply that smallholder dairy enterprises are poised to achieve greater growth when they adopt more entrepreneurial production technologies for breeding dairy cattle, feeds production and feeding and in handling waste from their dairy farms
Key Words: Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial Production Technology; Enterprise Growt
Project Risk Management Strategies and Performance of Socio-Economic Projects in Rwanda: A Case of Urban Economic Development Initiative Project
No full textThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Project risk Management Strategies on the Performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: To assess the effect of project risk planning strategy on the performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project, to evaluate the effect of risk assessment strategy on the performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project, to assess the effect of risk responses on the performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project. A descriptive design was used for this research project. The study’s target population was equal to sample size of 45 due to population less than 100. Both primary and secondary research approaches were utilized in order to compile the data. For the primary data collection, the researcher adopted questionnaires, and for the secondary data collection, the researcher applied a documentary review. The gathered data was evaluated using both descriptive statistics, such as the use of frequency and percentage as well as the mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as the use of multiple linear regression analysis. Tables were employed to exhibit the results of the investigation, and a pilot study was carried out to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument that was utilized in the data collection process. The results showed that Pearson Coefficient Correlation indicated that .694 relationship between project risk assessment strategy on the performance of Urban Economic Development Initiative Project. The third specific objective revealed the effect of project risk responses on the performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project, the results showed that 8.9% strongly agreed and 88.9% agreed that reducing project risks contributes to the performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project. In addition, project risk response improves the performance of the Urban Economic Development Initiative Project at r=.861 which is a strong positive correlation. The study concluded that risk planning, risk assessment, and risk response contribute highly to the performance of the project. In recommendation, project key stakeholders should apply risk avoidance strategy to improve the performance of socioeconomic project
Keywords: Project Risk Management, Performance Measurement, Socio-Economic Projects, Urban Economic Development, Risk Management Strategies, Rwanda's Development Initiative
Community Infrastructure Development and Performance of Nunga Neighbourhood Development Project
No full textThe study aimed to assess the community infrastructure development and performance of the Nunga Neighborhood Development Project. Specific objectives of the study were; to assess the effect of mobilization on the performance of the Nunga Neighborhood Development Project, to identify the effect of planning on the performance of the Nunga Neighborhood Development Project, and to evaluate the effect of implementation on the performance of the Nunga Neighborhood Development Project. A descriptive research design was adopted to get results related to the study; the target population and the sample size were 105. Census sampling was applied, and the data sources were primary and secondary. The questionnaire was used to collect primary data, and a documentary review for secondary data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics using Pearson correlation (r) and multiple linear regression analysis. The presentation of findings was done using tables; the pilot test was performed to ensure the validity and reliability of the instrument used in data collection. After collecting data, the following results were obtained; the findings revealed that mobilizing the community influenced the project's performance at a strong positive correlation of 0.892, while participation of the community in planning influenced the project's performance at a strong positive correlation of 0.950. In addition, the results showed that there is a strong positive correlation between community engagement in implementation and the performance of the project at 0.913 (r=91.3%), which affirmed that the ability of a community to participate in implementation led to the performance of the Nunga Neighborhood Development project. The study concluded that mobilizing the community and engaging the community in planning and implementation highly influence the project's performance. The study recommended project developers and managers sensitize the community to participate in infrastructure development projects, and project managers need to encourage community members to participate in financial contributions as well as in controlling the use of project resources.
Keywords: Community Infrastructure, Development, Performance, Nunga Neighbourhood, Development Project
 
Stakeholders’ Participation and Performance of Donor Funded Projects in Rwanda. A Case of Schools and System Project in Save the Children
No full textThe general objective of this study was to assess the effect of stakeholders’ participation on the performance of donor-funded projects in Rwanda. Specifically, the study seeks to find out the effect of passive participation of stakeholders on the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda, investigate the effect of interactive participation of stakeholders on the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda, and evaluate the effect of functional participation of stakeholders on the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda. The survey design collected data via the use of questionnaires, while the correlational approach investigated the connection between the variables under consideration. The target population of this study was 126, including 24 schools and system project staff, 72 Save the Children staff at district level, and 30 District education offers. The Solvin formula yielded a sample size of 96. The clusters were chosen based on the positions and categories of stakeholders in schools and system project to save children. The following tools were used to collect data for the study: a questionnaire and documentation research. To analyze the gathered data, the researcher used both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to show the effect and relationship between the variables. The statistics were computed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23. It was shown that Passive participation (p=0.832) is not statistically significant in the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda, while interactive participation (p = 0.000) and functional participation (p= 0.000) are statistically significant in the performance of schools and system projects implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda. Therefore, this study recommends that Save the Children establish mechanisms to monitor and evaluate stakeholder performance, holding them accountable for fulfilling their roles and responsibilities while also recognizing and rewarding their contributions.
Key words: Stakeholders’ participation, Passive participation, Interactive participation, Functional participation, Project performance 
Entrepreneurial Training and Performance of Enterprises in Berlin, Germany
No full textEntrepreneurial training plays a vital role in enhancing the performance and success of enterprises in Berlin, Germany. These training programs provide entrepreneurs with the necessary skills, knowledge, and competencies to navigate the competitive business landscape. Through diverse training options, including courses, workshops, and mentoring, entrepreneurs gain expertise in areas such as business planning, marketing strategies, and financial management. The impact of entrepreneurial training is evident, as trained enterprises demonstrate higher revenue growth, increased customer acquisition, and improved operational efficiency. To further support entrepreneurial training and performance, efforts should be made to enhance awareness and accessibility, continuously improve training programs, address funding challenges, facilitate international market expansion, and foster collaboration among entrepreneurs. The study found that training programs contribute to the development of critical entrepreneurial competencies, such as opportunity identification, innovation, and effective decision-making, which positively influence business performance. The knowledge and skills gained through training enable entrepreneurs to navigate challenges, seize opportunities, and make informed strategic choices. Entrepreneurs need to embrace a mindset of continuous learning, staying updated with industry trends, and acquiring new skills. The study concluded that these programs and trainings contribute to the development of critical competencies, including business planning, marketing strategies, financial management, and legal compliance. Continuous evaluation and improvement of training programs are necessary to ensure their relevance and effectiveness in a rapidly evolving business environment. It is recommended to develop comprehensive information channels and platforms that provide entrepreneurs with easy access to information about available training opportunities. Entrepreneurial training programs should incorporate modules focused on international business practices, cross-cultural communication, and market entry strategies.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Training, Performance, Enterprises, German
Resources Management Practices and Project Performance in Rwanda: A Case of Skills Development Fund Project
No full textThis study examined the effect of resources management practices on project performance specifically in Skills Development Fund Project. The researcher used descriptive research design with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was 1340 project beneficiaries, stakeholder and external parties and the sample size was 297 respondents calculated using Krejcie and Morgan Table. The researcher used simple random sampling techniques for selecting the sample size. Data collection tools were questionnaire and interview guide. The results of first objective indicate that project team acquisition has a significant positive effect on the performance of SDF projects in Rwanda. The respondents strongly agreed with this assertion, as reflected by the overall mean score of 4.235. The correlation analysis further supported these findings, revealing a strong relationship between project team acquisition and timely completion (r=0.933), completion with required quality (r=0.959), and completion within budgeted cost (r=0.973). The findings of second objective demonstrate a significant positive relationship between project team development and the performance of SDF projects in Rwanda. The respondents strongly agreed with this relationship, as evidenced by the overall mean score of 4.222. The correlational analysis further supported these results, revealing a strong and statistically significant relationship between project team development and timely completion (r=0.967), completion with required quality (r=0.993), and completion within budgeted cost (r=0.993). Lastly, the third objective indicate that project team management has a significant positive effect on the performance of SDF projects in Rwanda. The respondents strongly agreed with this assertion, as reflected by the overall mean score of 4.278. The correlational analysis further supported these findings, revealing a strong and statistically significant relationship between project team management and timely completion (r=0.954), completion with required quality (r=0.993), and completion within budgeted cost (r=0.993). These correlations indicate that effective project team management is associated with improved timely completion, quality, and cost control of SDF projects. Additionally, the regression results showed that project resource management accounted for 93.5% of the variability in timely completion, 99.4% of the variability in completion with required quality, and 99.4% of the variability in completion within budgeted cost. Thus, based on the descriptive, correlation, and regression results, we can conclude that project team, acquisition, development, and management have a positive and significant impact on the performance of SDF projects in Rwanda.
Keywords: Resources Management Practices, Project Performance, Skills Development Fund, Rwand
Project Length and Management Control: Case Study of IT System Upgrade in Berlin, Germany
No full textProject length refers to the amount of time it takes to complete a particular project from start to finish. The complexity and size of the project scope can significantly impact the project length. The impact of project length on management control can vary depending on the location of the project. The availability and allocation of resources such as people, equipment, and funding can also affect project length. Effective management control and quality management can help project managers to identify potential issues, control costs, ensure compliance with project requirements and standards, and ultimately deliver a high-quality project that meets or exceeds stakeholders' expectations. Performance measurement is an essential component of management control. The research used the descriptive research design. The target population was 55 employees of the IT Company in Berlin, Germany. The research did sampling of 43 participants that were chosen from the target population of 55 employees of the IT Company in Berlin, Germany. Questionnaires were utilized to gather the data. It was concluded that a longer project length may introduce additional risks, including changes in technology, evolving business requirements, and shifting stakeholder expectations. These factors necessitate ongoing adjustments and adaptations to the project plan, with a particular focus on ensuring the quality of the IT system upgrade. Vigilant management control practices, such as regular quality assessments, risk management, and effective communication, are crucial in mitigating these risks and maintaining a high standard of deliverables. The study recommended that a robust project governance structure should be established. This structure should clearly outline roles and responsibilities, decision-making processes, and communication channels. Appointing a competent project manager who possesses the necessary authority and resources to enforce control measures is vital. The project manager should be supported by a skilled and multidisciplinary team, fostering effective collaboration and information flow among team members and stakeholders.
Keywords: Project Length, Management Control, IT System Upgrade, German
Monetary Policy and Entrepreneurship Growth and Development in Chengdu, China
No full textMonetary policy plays a pivotal role in influencing entrepreneurship growth and development in any region. By adjusting interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations, central banks can create a financial environment that either fosters or impedes entrepreneurship. Lower interest rates can stimulate borrowing for business expansion and innovation, while access to finance becomes more accessible. Stable inflation and exchange rates reduce uncertainty for entrepreneurs, encouraging long-term investments. A well-coordinated monetary policy can thus provide a supportive ecosystem for entrepreneurs, contributing to economic growth and development. The study noted that monetary policy in Chengdu, China, has a significant impact on entrepreneurship growth and development. Lower interest rates resulting from accommodative monetary policies stimulate borrowing for business expansion and innovation, promoting entrepreneurship. Policies aimed at ensuring stable inflation and exchange rates contribute to a favorable business environment, reducing uncertainty for entrepreneurs. In conclusion, the impact of monetary policy on entrepreneurship growth and development in Chengdu, China, is unmistakable. Lower interest rates, stable inflation, and exchange rate management have created a conducive environment for entrepreneurs. To sustain this momentum, it is imperative for policymakers to continue their efforts in fine-tuning monetary policies to address evolving challenges and seize opportunities, ensuring that Chengdu's entrepreneurial ecosystem remains vibrant and supportive of economic development. It was recommended that Chengdu's monetary authorities should further streamline access to finance for entrepreneurs by collaborating with financial institutions to create specialized lending products and credit guarantee schemes tailored to the needs of startups and SMEs. To sustain and amplify the positive impact of monetary policy on entrepreneurship, Chengdu should also continue fostering an ecosystem that supports innovation and sustainable business practices through targeted incentives, research and development initiatives, and green financing options.
Keywords: Monetary Policy, Entrepreneurship, Growth, Chin
Stakeholders Participation and Implementation of Non-Governmental Organization Education Project in Rwanda; A Case of Teaching Assistantship Project
No full textThe research examined stakeholders’ participation in implementing NGO education projects in Rwanda, specifically looking at monitoring and evaluation, project communication, project planning, and project implementation within IEE Rwanda. The research process involved conducting a literature review, empirical review, and data collection from a target population of 234 individuals, including IEE staff, District Directors of Education, Headteachers, and Directors/Deans of Studies, The main aim of this study was to improve research skills for future field research and examine the importance of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in the successful implementation of the IEE TAP project in Rwanda. The study findings demonstrated that M&E was vital to the project's success. This was evident from the overall mean score of 4.384, obtained from a Likert scale of 4, indicating a strong consensus among the participants regarding the significance of M&E in project implementation. The correlation analysis further supported these results by showing positive relationships, with all calculated p-values being statistically significant at a level below 0.05. These findings highlight the positive impact of project M&E on the successful execution of educational projects by NGOs in Rwanda. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between project planning and project implementation. The results indicated that project planning significantly contributed to the successful execution of the IEE TAP project in Rwanda. The overall mean score of 4.175 indicated a consensus among the respondents regarding the importance of project planning. The correlation analysis reinforced these findings, with all p-values indicating positive and significant relationships below the 0.05 level. This underscores the significance of effective project planning in enhancing the outcomes of development projects in the education sector, specifically within Rwanda. The results revealed that project communication was a crucial responsibility in successfully implementing the IEE TAP project in Rwanda. The overall mean score of 3.919 indicated agreement among respondents regarding the importance of project communication. The correlation analysis further confirmed these findings, with all p-values being positive and significant below 0.05. This emphasizes the importance of effective project communication for achieving successful outcomes in education sector projects in Rwanda. Overall, the study findings suggest the study findings demonstrated that effective stakeholder action has a substantial and constructive influence on the successful execution of NGO education projects in Rwanda. Project managers are advised to promote the participation of all stakeholders to enhance project implementation. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge on NGO project management in Rwanda and have practical implications for NGOs aiming to improve project outcomes in the education sector.
Keywords: Stakeholders Participation, Non – Governmental Organization, Education Project, Teaching Assistantship Project, Rwanda.  
Nexus between Participation in Agriculture and Youth Welfare in Bomet County, Kenya
No full textKenya’s youth unemployment rate stands at 39 percent, forming the largest group of the unemployed in the country. The cohort possesses innovative behavior, minimal risk aversion, less fear of failure, less conservativeness, greater physical strength and greater knowledge acquisition propensity. The agriculture sector offers a huge opportunity for the creation of employment for the youth in the country. Despite the vital role the agricultural sector plays in the economy of Kenya, youth are yet to fully exploit its potential. Like in other countries, literature posits that youth participation in agriculture is low and major determinants of participation in agriculture are; education level, access to land, access to finance, household size and access to market. Youth perceive agriculture as a career of last resort that has low monetary benefits. The study sought to establish participation in agriculture and its effects on the welfare of the youth in Bomet County. A sample of 399 youths were picked as a representative sample. The study employed frequencies and percentages in analyzing the descriptive statistics of the study. Logistic regression was adopted in estimating the model. The study undertook various diagnostic tests before estimating the models to ensure that the model is fit in determining the relationship of study variables. The predicted probabilities for youth to participate in agricultural activities was 32.0 percent. The results from the study also showed that participating in agriculture improved welfare majorly through increased income and food. Model results established that marital status, university education, land size, financial access, access to ICT infrastructure, market distance, household size and agricultural training significantly influenced welfare of youth practicing agriculture. The study recommends that the government creates financial credit specifically tailored for majority of the youth who do not have the required collateral. There is also a need for the government to build more agricultural training institutes so that youth can learn diverse agricultural productions.
Keywords: Youth Welfare, Participation in Agriculture and Bomet Count