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Community Participation and Performance of One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in Rwanda; A Case of Selected School Based Early Childhood Development’s in Gicumbi District
No full textThe study lookd at the role of community participation on the performance of one cup milk per child programme in Rwanda especially in Gicumbi District (2019-2021). Specific Objectives were to examine the influence of program planning, decision making and monitoring and evaluation on the performance of one cup milk per child programme in Gicumbi District. The study was guided by stakeholder theory and resource based view theory. The research adopted a combination of descriptive and analytic research designs to assess the community's involvement in the program and evaluate its effectiveness. The target population consisted of committee members, student committees, parent committees, and program teams at the district and sector levels, with a total population size of 244 individuals. The research used purposive sampling to select participants with relevant information, and data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentary reviews. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions. Findings on the first objective confirmed that the community's suggestions and input were considered, together with the resources that were available, while designing the One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in the Gicumbi district stated by 85.3% respondents strongly agreed and agreed. Findings on the second objective confirmed that healthier judgments about the One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in the Gicumbi District are made as a result of gathering pertinent community involvement information, stated by 89.7% respondents strongly agreed and agreed. Findings on the third objective showed the community is aware of the program's goals and objectives, which helped with the creation and execution of One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in the Gicumbi District, stated by 94.1% respondents strongly agreed and agreed. The correlation matrix results indicated there is a very strong correlation between program planning and performance of One Cup Milk Per Child Programme as Pearson correlation is 0.917** with the p-value of 0.000, which is less than standard significance levels of 0.01. This indicates that, out of the considered other factors influencing performance of One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in Rwanda, only program planning has significant and high positive effect on the performance of One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in Gicumbi district. This eventually signifies that planning for the program is very vital and assists in the management of the stakeholders. The research recommended that management of school programme for One Cup Milk Per Child should choose among best decision alternative that improve performance in the programmes in the district. Management of the program should ensure that community members have a control over the choosing and electing One Cup Milk Per Child Programme committee members in the district. Management should ensure that community is understanding the goals and objectives of the program to aid the design and implementation of One Cup Milk Per Child Programme in Gicumbi district.
Keywords: Program planning, decision making, monitoring & evaluation, performance, Gicumbi district, Rwand
Teacher Burnout and Student Learning in Secondary Education in Kalundborg, Denmark
No full textTeacher burnout is a critical issue with direct implications for student learning outcomes. The study sought to investigate the effect of Teacher burnout on student learning in Secondary education in Kalundborg, Denmark Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion and reduced motivation, can result in less engaging and effective teaching. As educators become increasingly stressed and disengaged, students often experience reduced motivation, lowered academic performance, and a less productive learning environment. Addressing teacher burnout is essential not only for the well-being of educators but also for fostering a positive and effective educational experience that enhances student learning. The research strategy for this study was descriptive. 150 teachers of secondary schools in Kalundborg, Denmark, were the intended audience. From a potential sample of 150 teachers in Kalundborg, Denmark, 125 were interviewed for the research. The data was gathered with the use of questionnaires. In conclusion, teacher burnout in Kalundborg, Denmark's secondary education system is a significant concern that directly impacts student learning. The emotional exhaustion and diminished motivation experienced by burned-out teachers can lead to a less engaging classroom environment, reduced academic performance, and a negative overall learning experience for students. Addressing teacher burnout is essential to create a more conducive and effective educational environment that benefits both educators and students in Kalundborg. The study recommended that to mitigate teacher burnout and enhance student learning in Kalundborg, it is crucial to prioritize teacher well-being. Implementing mental health support services and reducing administrative burdens can help teachers manage stress and regain their enthusiasm for teaching, ultimately improving the educational experience for students.
Keywords: Teacher Burnout, Student Learning, Secondary Education, Denmar
Arts Education and Socialization in Selected Primary Schools in Varmland, Sweden
No full textEngaging in the arts enhances socialization by fostering communication, collaboration, self-expression, and empathy, while also providing a platform for individuals to connect, share, and appreciate diverse cultural perspectives. The integration of arts education in primary schools in Varmland, Sweden is commendable, but the specific impact of arts on socialization among students’ remains underexplored, prompting the need for a comprehensive investigation. Understanding the unique effects of arts education on socialization within the local context will provide valuable insights for educational policymakers and practitioners in Varmland. The research findings reveal that arts education in selected primary schools in Varmland, Sweden significantly enhances students' communication skills, fostering more effective expression and interpersonal interactions. Cultural awareness and inclusivity are also prominent outcomes, as students exposed to diverse art forms develop a deeper appreciation for different cultures and traditions, fostering a more inclusive and accepting social environment within the schools. In conclusion, the effects of arts on socialization in selected primary schools in Varmland, Sweden, are highly positive and multifaceted, encompassing improved communication, enhanced self-confidence, cultural awareness, and inclusive social environments. Arts education not only enriches the creative aspects of students' lives but also plays a pivotal role in shaping well-rounded individuals who are socially adept, contributing to a more harmonious and inclusive educational environment in Varmland. It is recommended that primary schools in Varmland, Sweden, prioritize the further integration of arts into their curriculum, providing students with more regular opportunities to engage in artistic activities, and ensuring educators are equipped with the necessary training and resources. Promoting and expanding extracurricular arts activities, making them accessible to a wide range of students, can further enhance the positive effects of arts on socialization and foster creativity and social bonds.
Keywords: Arts, Socialization, Primary Schools, Swede
Effect of Instructional Materials Utilization on Students’ Academic Performance in Twelve Years Basic Education in Rwanda
No full textThe effective use of instructional materials play a significant role in the promotion of students, teachers and school performance which also refers to the effectiveness of utilizing such materials as skills teachers have. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between instructional materials utilization and learners' academic achievement in Twelve Years Basic Education in Kicukiro District in Rwanda. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design including; a descriptive survey design and a correlation research design. The target population for this study was 308 people, which corresponded to a sample size of 174 respondents using Solvin's formula. Interview guide, direct observation, documentations and questionnaire were used as research instruments for data collection. Through data analysis, the study revealed that instructional materials have a great influence on improving learners/students' capacity for understanding and increasing their academic performance and achievement. It was noted that instructional materials are essential to improving quality education. It was also revealed that there will be a significant positive correlation in the performance of students in 12 years of basic education when they are taught the subject with instructional materials. The study concludes that several schools sampled do not have enough suitable instructional materials underutilization. There is a significant gap between the availability of instructional materials and the educational needs of schools, which could negatively impact student performance. The lack of adequate and accessible instructional materials hampers effective teaching and learning. The study recommends that governments should avail financial resources to ensure equitable distribution of learning materials to schools in both urban and rural areas for effective learning and teaching science related courses. Teachers should encourage students to actively participate in classroom tasks using interactive learning materials. It is important to provide teachers with additional training on how to effectively use instructional materials to enhance teaching and improve student outcomes.The government should consider expanding the use of technology-based instructional aids in the classroom to engage students more effectively.
Keywords: Academic performance, Instructional Material and Twelve Years Basic Education, Rwand
Influence of Teaching Strategies on Students’ Competences in Mathematics in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda
No full textThe level of students’ competency in various subjects like mathematics depends on the effectiveness of teachers while teaching especially teaching strategies used in teaching process. The purpose of this study therefore, thought to examine influences of parent’s involvement in teaching strategies and students ‘competences in mathematics from selected Bugesera Public Secondary Schools. The target population was 454 people that provided the sample size of 146 respondents got using Yamane formula. Interview guide and questionnaire were used as data collection instruments. A descriptive survey design was also employed. The findings revealed that group work, too much tests and quizzes and homework were discovered to be the most commonly used teaching approaches used by teacher and head teachers also good for learners in the selected schools. But ICT was not a teaching strategy favored by both teacher and students. The results showed that teaching strategies have high positive correlation to students’ competences as shown by 0.529 of Pearson coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis found that teaching strategies have significant influence on students ‘competences at 64.9% of R-Square. Further, there is a highly significant positive correlation between teaching methods and student competencies. Moreover, the study established that there is a highly significant positive correlation between teaching methods and student competencies. The study recommends that Teachers should increase their efforts in finding where mathematics is relevant and applying it to math’s problems when they connect with students in the class. Ministry of Education to supply sufficient teaching and learning materials such as textbooks, computers and internet. In addition, providing training to teachers on how to use effective teaching strategies that influence students’ competences such as ICT and among others is necessary.
Keywords: Mathematic competences, Teaching strategies, Group work and assignment
Effects of Accessibility on Health Service Delivery in Public Hospitals in Kilifi County, Kenya
No full textAchieving UHC has remained a severe challenge globally, with countries experiencing severe gaps in the healthcare delivery system. Therefore, this research intends to bridge the gap by investigating UHC's effects on healthcare services in Kilifi County. The study aims to establish how accessibility affects health service delivery in public hospitals in Kilifi County. Institutional and new public management theories guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted a total of 2875 participants comprising both healthcare workers and patients attending the healthcare facilities and senior healthcare management team. The researcher adopted stratified random and convenience sampling to select 288 subjects for the study. A pilot study was undertaken to establish the validity and reliability of data collection instruments. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire for quantitative data and an interview guide for qualitative data, and the results were presented using percentages and frequency tables. Descriptive statistics and a regression model were used to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data utilized thematic analysis. The results from the study showed that there was a significant association between accessibility factors for the patients where availability of services was associated with increased service delivery OR =1.25,95% CI=0.90-1.74, p=0.190) while staying further away from the facility is associated with decreased service delivery (OR) =0.76,95% CI=0.34-1.67, p=0.49). Similarly, easy accessibility was associated with improved service delivery on healthcare workers' factors OR =1.09,95% CI=0.21-5.68, p=0.9180). Thematic analysis revealed similar findings where increased accessibility was associated with increased service delivery. The results of the study were used to make recommendations for improving accessibility through integrating healthcare services within different departments and healthcare facilities using ICT. Finally, the study recommends further research on how technology in healthcare will increase accessibility.
Keywords: Universal Health Coverage, Accessibility, Affordability, Quality, Service Delivery
 
Community Policing and Criminal Activities in Low Income Areas: Case Study of Sanya, Japan
No full textCommunity policing is a collaborative and proactive approach to law enforcement that involves building strong relationships between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. There are a lot of criminal activities in Sanya. Sanya faces specific challenges due to socioeconomic factors, including limited resources, high poverty rates, and social disparities. Community policing plays a crucial role in addressing criminal activities by understanding and addressing the root causes. Proper and organized community policing in low-income areas relies on enhanced communication and partnership between law enforcement agencies and residents. The study utilized the descriptive research design. The target population was 120 community leaders. The study did sampling of 100 respondents that were selected from the target population of 120 community leaders in Sanya, Japan. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study concluded that there is need for targeted interventions and community-oriented approaches to address the unique circumstances of low-income areas. Building partnerships and fostering collaboration between law enforcement agencies, community members, and local organizations, community policing has created opportunities for proactive engagement, increased trust, and improved communication. Community policing initiatives implemented in Sanya are aimed at addressing crime and enhancing public safety. These initiatives often involve building partnerships and fostering collaboration between law enforcement agencies, community members, and local organizations. It was recommended that the government should emphasize on the importance of community participation and engagement in crime prevention efforts. Additionally, establish regular meetings, workshops, and forums where residents can voice their concerns, collaborate with law enforcement agencies, and actively contribute to the development of localized crime prevention strategies. Collaborative initiatives should be encouraged to address social issues holistically, such as substance abuse prevention programs, youth mentorship programs, and employment assistance initiatives.
Keywords: Community Policing, Criminal Activities, Low Income Areas, Japa
Diplomatic Missions Policies and Economic Integration in East Africa: A Case of Rwanda and Kenya
No full textThe purpose of this research was to examine the Diplomatic Missions Policies and Economic Integration in East Africa, a case study of Rwanda-Kenya. The study was guided with three specific objectives which are to examine the influence of embassies on economic integration, to assess the effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration, and to analyze the relationship between diplomatic mission’s policies and economic integration in East Africa, Rwanda-Kenya. The descriptive research design with a mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches was applied. Findings were collected using the questionnaire. The target population was 62 employees of Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MINAFFET) in department of diplomatic missions and Kenya Embassy in Kigali, Rwanda. The census method was used where all population was considered as sample size. The collected findings were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis with using of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. The inferential statistics were presented for presenting the relationship between variables. The results were presented in tables using the frequencies, means, and standard deviation. The findings were analyzed, presented, and interpreted. On the influence of embassies on economic integration, The overall means of results was 4.482 that was between agree (4) and strongly agree (5), it presented that the embassies was significantly influenced economic integration. On the effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration, the overall means of results was 4.472 that was between agree (4) and strongly agree (5), it presented that there was significantly effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration. The findings analysis resulted that the relationship between (influence of embassies and effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy) and economic integration was .905** and .790** respectively. It was indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the diplomatic mission’s policies and economic integration. The results presented that the variables were statistically significant with regression mean square of 8.669 and residual mean square was 0.064 while F=136.045 and P-value =.000, it confirmed that there was a significant relationship between the diplomatic missions policies and economic integration in East Africa, Rwanda-Kenya. Researcher recommended that government administrations (MINAFFET) should continue to develop and promote the economic diplomacy, social interests and core values in collaboration of international business, and the citizens should look for the investments developing their business based on the diplomatic missions’ policies.
Keywords: Diplomatic Missions Policies, Economic Integration, East Africa, Rwand
The Experiences of Persons with Physical Disability and Satisfaction in Selected Classified Hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya
No full textThis study sought to determine the experiences of persons with physical disability (PwPDs) as hotel guests and the effects these experiences have on satisfaction in selected classified hotels in Kenya. The research was driven by five key objectives: to determine the influence of personal characteristics, trip-related factors, the physical environment within the hotels, human interactions, and policy compliance on the satisfaction of hotel guests with physical disabilities. A cross-sectional research design was selected for this study, as it permits an in-depth understanding of the relationships between different variables. The study focused on 44 hotel managers and employed snowball sampling to include 30 guests with physical disabilities. The participants were given semi-structured questionnaires, and the data gathered were then analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical findings revealed an R squared value of 0.614, indicating that the independent variables under investigation jointly explained approximately 56.2% of the variance in satisfaction levels for guests with physical disabilities. Specifically, the study found that the physical environment within the hotels had a highly positive and statistically significant impact on guest satisfaction (β =.440, p=.005<.05). Personal characteristics of the guests also played a critical role, positively affecting their satisfaction (β =.282, p=.019<.05). Moreover, the quality of human interactions emerged as another important factor, with a positive and significant correlation to satisfaction (β =.284, p=.015<.05). Trip-related factors, which include elements like the purpose of the stay and length of the visit, were also found to positively influence satisfaction (β =.249, p=.046<.05). The study concluded that trip-related factors, human interactions, personal characteristics and the hotel’s physical environment positively and significant affected satisfaction of guests with physical disability in selected classified hotels in Nairobi City County. The study thus recommended that hotels in Nairobi City County adopt ADA policies to make their amenities and services more accessible to persons with physical disabilities in order to enhance their satisfaction levels.
Keywords: Persons with physical disabilities, hotel guest satisfaction, accessibility in hospitality, policy compliance in Hotels, Nairobi city county hotel
Effects of Human Encroachment on Wetlands: A Case of Boreal Shield, Canada
No full textWetlands are some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet and provide a wide range of ecological, economic, and social benefits. Wetlands are threatened by human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, resource extraction, and infrastructure development, which can lead to their degradation and loss. Wetland loss can result in reduced water quality, increased erosion, and decreased biodiversity, which can impact the health of ecosystems and the species that depend on them. The study found that human encroachment on wetlands in Canada has resulted in significant wetland loss and degradation. Wetland loss and degradation can lead to the loss of plant and animal species that depend on these ecosystems. It was noted that wetland loss is a major contributor to the decline of many bird species, including waterfowl and shorebirds. Wetlands support important industries such as forestry, agriculture, and fisheries, and provide recreational opportunities for Canadians, such as fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. The study concluded that human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, resource extraction, and infrastructure development have led to the degradation and loss of wetlands across the country. The loss of wetlands has had a significant impact on the environment. Wetlands act as natural water filters, helping to purify water by removing pollutants and sediments. The loss of wetlands has also had economic and social impacts. Wetlands provide a range of valuable resources, including timber, peat, fish, and wildlife, which support local economies and communities. The study recommended that the Canadian government should implement more stringent wetland protection policies and regulations. This could include increasing the amount of wetlands protected under legislation, improving enforcement measures, and establishing penalties for those who violate wetland protection regulations. Public education and outreach programs should be developed and implemented to raise awareness about the importance of wetlands and the negative impacts of human encroachment.
Keywords: Human Encroachment, Wetlands, Canad