Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Books
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Operational Risk Management and Project Success in Rwanda, A Case Study of Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (LVWATSAN) in Nyagatare District, Rwanda
No full textLake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (LVWATSAN) operations in Nyagatare District were particularly aimed at constructing a faecal sludge treatment plant with the ability to treat dirt water not only in Nyagatare District but also other two secondary cities namely, Nyanza, Kayonza (MINIFRA, 2015). The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of operational risk management on project success of LVWATSAN in the Nyagatare District; Specifically, the objectives of the study were to examine the impact of operational risk identification on the success of LVWATSAN project; To assess the impact of operational risk monitoring on the success of LVWATSAN project; To determine the impact of operational risk mitigation on the success of LVWATSAN project. The target population of the study was 42 respondents sourced from all the staff members undertaking project activities including project manager, engineers and operators; a census method was used where all 42-target population were considered as a sample size. The study used primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data was collected using a survey questionnaire while secondary data was sourced from published and unpublished sources from library and peer- reviewed articles from journals of project management databases. Data was processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics in frequencies, percentages, standard deviations and means. Correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. After analysing the data, findings concluded that the project lacked effective risk planning procedures due to the weaknesses in the approval and reviews of the risk management framework, had an outlined risk mitigation plan, however, the project team appeared unaware of the mitigation measures to adopt should risks present themselves. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between operational risk management - identification, monitoring as well as mitigation and project success in terms of timely completion, cost performance and stakeholder’ satisfaction. The study recommended that; the senior leadership in Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation project should adopt operational risk management as a methodology and knowledge field when they start implementing new project.
Keywords: Operational risk management, project success, LVWATSAN, Rwand
Strategies for Successful Bootstrapping in Entrepreneurship among the Middle-Aged Women in Seletar, Singapore
No full textMiddle-aged women in Seletar, Singapore, can enhance their bootstrapping success by leveraging microloan programs that provide accessible and flexible financing options. Mentorship and networking initiatives tailored to their needs should be established to offer guidance, support, and opportunities for knowledge exchange. Digital literacy and technology training programs can bridge the technological gap, empowering these entrepreneurs to utilize modern tools effectively. Strategic marketing and visibility efforts, including content marketing and collaborations with local influencers, can help middle-aged women entrepreneurs gain recognition and build their businesses in Seletar. Research findings indicate that middle-aged women in Seletar, Singapore, face notable challenges in accessing traditional financial resources, with limited access to venture capital and bank loans. They also lack dedicated support and mentorship programs tailored to their needs, hindering their entrepreneurial journey. Furthermore, technological gaps were evident, as many struggle with digital tools and e-commerce platforms, making digital literacy and training crucial for their success in bootstrapping. In conclusion, the journey towards successful bootstrapping for middle-aged women in Seletar, Singapore, demands a multi-faceted approach that addresses their unique challenges. By focusing on financial access, mentorship and support, and digital literacy, this demographic can overcome obstacles and thrive as entrepreneurs. These strategies, when effectively implemented, have the potential to empower middle-aged women in Seletar, fostering entrepreneurship and contributing to economic growth in the region. Recommendations for successful bootstrapping among middle-aged women in Seletar, Singapore should include the establishment of microloan programs tailored to their needs, providing accessible and flexible financing options. Creating mentorship and networking opportunities through collaborations with local business associations and experienced mentors can offer the guidance and support necessary for their entrepreneurial journey.
Keywords: Bootstrapping, Entrepreneurship, Women, Singapor
Sustainable Agricultural Practices among Rural Youth in Kenya: A Study of Attitudes and Behaviours
No full textThis paper examines the attitudes and behaviors of rural youth in Kenya towards sustainable agricultural practices. Given the critical role of agriculture in Kenya's economy and the significance of the youth demographic, understanding these attitudes and behaviours is of paramount importance. By analysing existing research, this paper identifies the key factors influencing the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among rural youth in Kenya and highlight the potential barriers and enablers that can facilitate their engagement in sustainable farming methods. The successful engagement of youth in sustainable agriculture in Kenya requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the numerous obstacles they face while capitalizing on their unique potential and interests. Given their position at the intersection of agricultural heritage and technological modernity, strategies aimed at youth engagement must be comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and forward-thinking.
Keywords: Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Rural Youth, Attitudes and Behaviours, Keny
Supply Chain Information Technology, Second Edition By David L. Olson
No full textSupply Chain Information Technology, Second Edition" by David L. Olson is a comprehensive and accessible resource that delves into the critical intersection of supply chain management and information technology, all while avoiding the use of technical jargon. This book offers a clear and insightful exploration of how modern technology is reshaping and optimizing supply chain processes. It covers a wide range of topics, including inventory management, demand forecasting, logistics, e-commerce, and the role of big data and analytics in enhancing supply chain performance. Olson's second edition is notable for its practicality, providing real-world examples and case studies that illustrate how organizations can leverage IT solutions to streamline their supply chains, reduce costs, improve efficiency, and ultimately gain a competitive edge in today's global marketplace. Whether you are a student, a supply chain professional, or simply interested in understanding the pivotal role of technology in modern supply chains, this book offers a valuable and easily digestible resource that demystifies complex concepts making it an excellent choice for anyone seeking a holistic understanding of this critical field
Industry 4.0 and Supply Chain Management. A Study of Logistics Knapp AG in Radegund Bei Graz, Austria.
No full textThe term "Industry 4.0" refers to the use of cutting-edge digital technology in the industrial sector, particularly in the areas of production and distribution. It changes the game for logistics by improving everything from product sourcing to customer service to logistics. Real-time data gathering, predictive analytics, and efficient automation are made possible by Industry 4.0 technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and robots. This integration enhances operational efficiency, supply chain visibility, and customer satisfaction. Embracing Industry 4.0 principles allows organizations to adapt to market changes, improve decision-making, and gain a competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving business landscape. The study used the descriptive research design. The target population was 8 managers of Logistics Knapp AG in Radegund Bei Graz, Austria. The study did sampling of 6 respondents that were selected from the target population of 8 managers of Logistics Knapp AG in Radegund Bei Graz, Austria. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. In conclusion, Logistics Knapp AG's adoption of Industry 4.0 principles in its supply chain management has been instrumental in achieving operational excellence. By integrating advanced digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and robotics, the company has improved efficiency, visibility, and customer satisfaction. Logistics Knapp AG's success serves as a testament to the transformative power of Industry 4.0 in revolutionizing supply chain management and positioning organizations for success in the modern business landscape. The study recommended that there should be continual investment in research and development to stay at the forefront of emerging technologies and identify innovative solutions. Strengthening data analytics capabilities and leveraging advanced algorithms to extract actionable insights for better decision-making and process optimization. Prioritizing cybersecurity measures to protect systems, data, and infrastructure, including regular updates, risk assessments, and employee training to mitigate potential threats.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Supply Chain Management, Austri
Financial Risk and Profit Persistence of Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Kenya
No full textCompliance with the prudential standards as prescribed in the saving and Credit Cooperatives Societies Act 2008 and the subsequent regulation of 2010 has continued to be a problem. The study sought to establish the effect of financial risk on profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives. To achieve this, the study was directed by specific objectives that included: establishing the effect of credit risk, risk of liquidity, market risk and risk of investment on profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives. The study also sought to establish the moderating effect of operational efficiency on the relationship between financial risk and profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives. The study targeted 174 deposit-taking saving and Credit Cooperatives as per the records at Sacco Societies Regulatory Authority 2022. This study was anchored on the agency theory, stakeholders’ theory, and the enterprise risk management theory. This study used a descriptive study approach. The sample population of the study included 174 deposit-taking savings and credit cooperatives, this was a census study. The study used secondary data from audited financial statements. The study findings revealed that credit risk was negatively and significantly related with profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya (β=-0.0224311, p=0.000); liquidity risk was negatively and significantly related to the profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya (β= -0.0522383, p=0.001); market risk positively and significantly related to the profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya (β=0.0305016, p=0.025) and investment risk was negatively and significantly related to the profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya (β=-0.0811061, p=0.040). Moreover, the study established that operational efficiency had significant moderating effect on the relationship between financial risk and profit persistence of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya. The study concludes that financial risks exposure for deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya influences their profit persistence significantly because of their nature of operation. The study thus recommends that the managements of deposit taking savings and credit co-operatives in Kenya should consider employing portfolio-level controls to mitigate financial risks in their establishments.
Keywords: Financial risk, credit risk, risk of liquidity, market risk, risk of investment operational efficiency, profit Persistenc
Effect of Financial Technology on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
No full textPerformance in the financial markets is an essential component in the study of finance. Over the last decade, Kenya's commercial banks have increased their use of different types of financial technology (2011-2021). Mobile banking, agency banking, internet banking, and automated teller machines are just some of the various forms of financial technology available today. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact that financial technology has had, if any, on the overall financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific goals were to establish the effect of mobile banking on financial performance; to determine the effect of internet banking on financial performance; to determine the effect of agency banking on financial performance; to determine the effect of ATMs on financial performance; and to establish the moderating role of bank size on the relationship between financial technology and the financial performance of commercial banks. The research was predicated on the technological adoption model, the financial intermediation theory, the diffusion of innovation theory, and the profit maximization theory. The positivist research philosophy was used for this study, and a panel longitudinal research methodology was used for the research. The population of the study was the 38 commercial banks that have been in continuous operation throughout the last decade. The study was a census. Secondary information was gathered on an annual basis, and it covered a span of ten years (January 2012 to December 2021). The data was evaluated making use of descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics entailing correlation and panel multiple linear regression analysis. The current research conclusions revealed that financial technology fairly explains financial performance and the current research discoveries also revealed that the financial technology is sufficient in predicting financial performance. Additional study findings were that mobile banking, internet banking, agency banking, adoption of ATMs, and bank size had positive significant correlations with financial performance. Moreover, findings were that adoption of ATMs had a significant negative link with financial performance. Meanwhile, mobile banking and agency banking had negative insignificant link with financial performance. Finally, both internet banking and bank size had a positive insignificant relationship with financial performance. Policy recommendations to the government officials and policy formulators in the Treasury and the CBK to not mainly advocate for financial technology policy as a means of boosting bank financial performance and it is recommended to the policy makers to utilize other policies when aiming to boost bank financial performance. Recommendations are also generated to the bank management and consultants not to mainly consider financial technology will significantly boost the banks’ financial performance.
Keywords: Financial Technology, Financial Performance, ATM, Mobile banking, Internet banking, Agency Bankin
Mediating Effect of Public Participation on the Relationship between Budgeting Practices and Financial Performance of County Governments in Kenya
No full textPublic participation in budgeting practices has long been seen as a mechanism that leads to improved governance and financial outcomes. The study sought to examine the influence of public participation on the relationship between budgeting practices and the financial performance of county governments in Kenya. The study was grounded in the public budget theory and employed a pragmatic research philosophy and an ex-post facto research design. The study's target population included 47 county governments in Kenya. Data was collected via questionnaires, targeting the controller of budget in each county. The study employed both inferential and descriptive statistical analyses and performed regression and correlation analyses. The correlation results revealed that public participation and financial performance reveals a significant and positive influence of public participation on financial performance at County Governments (r=.555, p=0.000). The coefficient for budgetary practices (BP) is 0.612, indicating a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The coefficient for public participation (PP) is 0.342, indicating a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The t-values of 5.948 (BP) and 4.417 (PP), along with p-values of 0.000, suggest that both budgetary practices and public participation have statistically significant relationships with financial performance. The regression results indicate that both budgetary practices and public participation have positive and significant effects on the financial performance of County Governments in Kenya. Based on these results, the study concluded that public participation partially mediates the relationship between budgeting practices and financial performance in county governments. Therefore, the study recommends promoting public participation in respective counties as a strategy to enhance the financial performance of County governments.
Keywords: Mediating Effect, Public Participation, Budgeting Practices, Financial Performance, County Government
Foreign Direct Investment Outflow and Securities Market Volatility in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
No full textThe study was undertaken to assess the effects of foreign direct investment on the securities market Volatility at NSE, Kenya. Although this topic has been the focus of financial studies, the relationship between foreign direct investment outflow and securities market volatility has not been completely analyzed. Global empirical research has produced conflicting results regarding how foreign direct investment affects the volatility of the securities market. The findings are contradictory, which calls for additional research to be done in the current study to determine how international capital outflow affects the volatility of securities traded at Kenya's NSE. The study utilized an explanatory research methodology and used secondary data to focus on the listed institution at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The impact of outflows of foreign direct investment on the volatility of the securities market over the research period was evaluated using the census technique. The analysis discovered a statistically significant positive link between foreign direct investment and GDP. According to the study's findings, the FDIO and SMV as represented by the NSE all share index had a favourable association. It means that adjustments to FDIO are probably going to have a noticeable impact on the volatility of the stock market. The study recommends that regulators should keep a close eye on the flow of FDIO leaving the Nairobi securities exchange market and to take precautions to prevent an excessive outflow from destabilizing the market and posing a risk to the stability of the capital market.
Keywords: Foreign direct investment Cash flow, Nairobi Securities exchange security market volatilit
Effect of Mergers and Acquisition Strategies on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
No full textThe operating environment for commercial banks in Kenya has become very dynamic and highly competitive. The witnessed cases of bank failure and poor financial performance have made commercial banks develop strategies to improve their financial performance, remain competitive, and meet the regulator's compliance requirements. Mergers and acquisitions are on the rise as a strategy aimed to alleviate the ailing sector. In light of this, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the financial performance of Kenyan commercial banks. Specifically, the study objectives were to assess the impact of operating efficiency, managerial efficiency and market share on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study objectives were supported by synergies theory, resource-based view theory and agency theory. The study adopted a correlational descriptive research design, including cross-sectional data analysis. The study population was 30 commercial banks in Kenya that had completed mergers and acquisitions by 2017. The study used secondary data collected through a secondary data collection template. An average of three-year ratios was computed in both pre-merger and acquisition periods to analyze the effect of mergers and acquisition strategies on financial performance. The years of the deal were excluded. The mean difference between the pre-mergers and acquisitions and post-mergers and acquisitions ratios was tested using the T-test. The mathematical relationship between the study variables in the two periods was determined using multiple regressions. F-Test was used to measure the predictive ability of the model. The coefficient of determination (R₂) was used to establish the model's goodness of fit. The findings were that mergers and acquisitions strategies have a statically significant relationship with the financial performance of commercial banks. The study recommends that policymakers create policies that facilitate and encourage commercial banks to employ mergers and acquisition strategies to achieve better financial performance.
Keywords: Mergers and acquisitions strategies, operational efficiency, managerial efficiency, market share, financial performance, commercial banks and Kenya