Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Books
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The Role of COVID-19 Period Repurchase Agreements in Shaping Liquidity Dynamics in Kenyan Tier 1 Banks
No full textThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 had far-reaching repercussions on financial markets worldwide, impacting the liquidity dynamics of commercial banks. In Kenya, this occasioned the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) to implement measures to cushion its impact on bank liquidity. Among these was an adjustment in the repos's maximum tenor, which was raised from 28 to 91 days. This study sought to establish how Kenyan commercial banks' liquidity was affected by the adjustment in the repos's during the COVID-19 period. The study focused on tier 1 commercial banks. The findings show that COVID period repos tenor significantly influenced the liquidity of commercial banks. These results offer practical insights for regulators and policymakers when confronted with unparalleled uncertainties, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Repurchase Agreements (Repos), Liquidity Dynamics, COVID-19 Pandemic, Tier 1 Commercial Banks, Central Bank of Kenya (CBK
The Influence of Financial Restructuring on Organizational Performance at Equity Bank Kenya Limited
No full textFinancial institutions have continued to face performance challenges, including the collapse or liquidation due to inability to achieve the desired outcomes. This study evaluated the influence of financial restructuring on the organizational performance of the banking industry in Kenya using a case of Equity Bank Kenya Limited at Nairobi Headquarters. The research applied agency theory. A causal research design was adopted. The target population for the study was the 87 supervisory middle management, senior management, and executive staff at Equity Bank Kenya Limited headquarters. Primary data was collected by application of a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the financial annual reports of Equity Bank. The validity of the instruments for data was assessed by the supervisor and subject experts. The reliability of this study was determined using the Cronbach alpha analysis conducted from pilot study data. The internal accuracy of data instruments using Cronbach’s alpha value. The administration of the questionnaire was done using Google Forms. Data collected was coded and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to permit statistical analysis. Data analysis applied descriptive statistics including mean, and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics particularly multiple linear regression. The study results revealed that financial restructuring (p = 0.037) has a statistically significant influence on organizational performance of Equity Bank Limited. The study recommends that banks prioritize financial restructuring and align it with long-term objectives to enhance organizational performance.
Keywords: Financial Restructuring, Equity Bank, Organizational Performance, Banking Industry
Authentic Leadership: The Challenge of Becoming
No full textAuthentic leadership is crucial for organizational success, yet many leaders struggle to be authentic. This study explored the challenges to authentic leadership through the lens of Biblical examples and leadership theories. Its purpose was to understand these barriers and provide recommendations for developing authentic leaders. The analysis was informed by two key frameworks: authentic leadership theory and LMX theory. A qualitative document analysis methodology was employed to examine the biblical story of Peter's leadership in Galatians. The findings revealed that Peter, despite his good intentions, faced significant challenges in acting according to his values under social pressure. This highlights the common temptation leaders face to conform rather than act authentically. The study identified self-awareness, integrity, and moral courage as essential qualities for authentic leadership. To equip leaders to stay true to their values, training programs should focus on building self-knowledge, fostering integrity, and developing resilience. Authentic leadership, when modeled through integrity, inspires trust and organizational commitment. Based on these findings, the study recommends two key strategies: coaching to enhance self-awareness and scenario planning to practice values-based decision-making in challenging situations.
Keywords: Authentic Leadership, Challenge of Becomin
Effect of Employee Training on Employee Performance in Manufacturing Companies in Rwanda. A Case of Sulfo Rwanda Industries Ltd
No full textAlong with money, machinery, and materials, human resources are an organization's most precious possession. Training, therefore, is the process by which workers acquire the information, abilities, and dispositions necessary to carry out their jobs well. The study aimed at examining the effect of training on employee-performance in manufacturing companies in Rwanda. A case of Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd. Specifically, the study was driven by the following objectives; to determine the effect of training need assessment on the employee-performance in Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd, to ascertain the extent to which training delivery style affect employee-performance at Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd and establish the effect of training evaluation on employee-performance at Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd and. This study used three theories such as human capital theory, resource-based view theory and Universalist Theory. The study used survey research design such as descriptive research design based on both qualitative and quantitative. To appreciate the objectives of this study, the research targeted 142 staff from Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries. The study used census sampling procedure, which involves the use of the entire target population of 142 employees from Sulfo-Rwanda Industries which becomes the sample size. The collected data analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis through the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations made at end of this study. The coefficient of multiple determination (R-squared) is 0.671, signifying that approximately 67.1% of the variability in the dependent variable (employee-performance) is explained by the combination of these predictors. This indicates a strong correlation between the predictors and the dependent variable. One-unit increase in Training Need Assessment is associated with a 0.257-unit increase in employee-performance at Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd (β=0.257, t= 3.050, p=0.003). Similarly, for Training Delivery Approaches, the unstandardized coefficient is 0.383, indicating that a one-unit increase in Training Delivery Approaches is associated with a 0.383-unit increase in employee-performance at Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd (β=0.383, t= 4.840, p=0.000). Finally, for Training Evaluation, the unstandardized coefficient is 0.253, signifying that a one-unit increase in Training Evaluation is associated with a 0.253-unit increase in employee-performance at Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd (β=0.257, t= 3.214, p=0.002). All coefficients are statistically significant with p-values less than 0.05, indicating their meaningful contribution to predicting employee-performance at Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries Ltd. Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries should enhance communication channels for comprehensive training need assessments, adapting them to evolving organizational goals. Sulfo-Rwanda-Industries is recommended to Customize learning paths tailored to diverse learning, encourage continuous feedback and aligning training evaluation metrics with organizational goals
Employee Competence, Corporate Culture, and Employee Productivity: An Empirical Review
No full textThis article explored the relationship between employee competence, corporate culture, and employee productivity, highlighting its critical impact on organizational success. The study aimed to assess these elements and their collective influence on employee productivity in the Kenyan context. It employed the Human Capital Theory as its theoretical framework, positing that investment in employee skills and knowledge is vital for enhancing worker efficiency. Methodologically, the study relied on review of empirical data and analysis of other existing literature. The empirical findings revealed a significant relationship between employee training and higher productivity rates, underscoring the importance of skill enhancement for effective work outputs. The study also found that corporate culture, particularly one that values collaboration, empowerment, and open communication, plays a pivotal role in leveraging employee competencies and boosting their productivity. Additionally, it was observed that environments promoting continuous learning significantly amplify the impact of employee skills on productivity. Create culture, collaborative culture and competitive culture significantly contribute to higher productivity and were identified as key to achieving organizational objectives and enhancing employee competence development. The article concluded that both employee competence and corporate culture are crucial drivers of employee productivity. It was evident that strategic investments in employee training and development led to more efficient and effective outputs. The interplay between employee competence and effective corporate culture was found to be essential in supporting workers achieve their set targets leading to organizational success. The study recommends that organizations should prioritize and invest in employee training and development programs, foster a create, collaborative and compete or market driven corporate culture that is supported by transformational leaders, work-life balance, technological advancements, strategic employee engagement, and corporate strategies to achieve high employee productivity.
Keywords: Employee Competence, Corporate Culture and Employee Productivit
Corporate Leadership in Agricultural Advancements: Exploratory Evaluation of Performance of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
No full textThe study examined the influence of corporate leadership on the performance of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), utilizing theories of organizational excellence, upper echelons, and stakeholder. The study utilized a mixed-methods design with a pragmatic philosophy to reduce biases. It specifically targeted 75 management organs, with a focus on 60 directors and 188 top leadership members. The study employed cross-sectional survey to examine quantitative relationships, while qualitative perceptions were obtained through interpretive phenomenological analysis. The thorough examination, utilizing a composite regression model, revealed the significant effect of corporate leadership on KALRO's performance. The ANOVA results strongly supported the significant effect of corporate leadership on KALRO's performance by ruling out the null hypothesis that corporate leadership has no significant effect. Engaging in telephone discussions with the respondents who expressed apprehension resolved the primary constraint of the confidentiality of data. Suggested actions involve giving priority to achieving gender diversity, enhancing leadership development, conducting frequent performance evaluations, integrating monitoring and evaluation systems into regular operations, and enhancing communication. The study seeks to provide KALRO's leadership with guidance in making well-informed decisions in the face of conflicting priorities in the country. The research focused on assessing the impact of corporate leadership on the performance of the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), employing organizational excellence, upper echelons, and stakeholder theories. Using a mixed-methods design aligned with a pragmatic philosophy to minimize biases, the study targeted 75 management organs, specifically 60 directors and 188 top leadership members. Employing a cross-sectional survey for quantitative analysis and interpretive phenomenological analysis for qualitative insights, the research, through a composite regression model, revealed a significant influence of corporate leadership on KALRO's performance. ANOVA results strongly supported this influence, rejecting the null hypothesis. Addressing confidentiality concerns, telephone discussions with hesitant respondents were conducted. Proposed actions include prioritizing gender diversity, enhancing leadership development, conducting frequent performance evaluations, integrating monitoring and evaluation systems into regular operations, and improving communication. The objective is to equip KALRO's leadership with guidance for informed decision-making amid conflicting priorities in the country.
Keywords: Corporate Leadership, Organizational Performance, KALRO, Cabinet Secretary
Employees’ Motivation Practices and the Performance of Public Institutions: A Case of Musanze District Rwanda
No full textThe purpose of this study was to assess the linkage between employees’ motivation practices and the performance of public institutions. In conducting this research, three objectives were laid out to assess the relationship between employee’s monetary rewards and the performance of Musanze District, to assess the relationship between employee’s non-monetary rewards and the performance of Musanze District and finally to assess the relationship between employee’s fringe benefits and Musanze District’s performance. To achieve these objectives, literature was reviewed on the subject matter including definitions of key concepts, conceptual review, conceptual framework and research gap analysis, additionally the study also focused on the following theories including Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and resource based view theory. The target population of the study was 101 employees of Musanze District and all of them was selected by universal census. Questionnaire, interview guide and documentation were used as tools of data collection. Data was processed through editing, coding and tabulation and the data also was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that holding all the buyer-supplier relationships to a constant zero, performance of public institutions will be .500 percent, a unit increase in the use of employee’s monetary rewards would lead to increase in performance of public institutions by 37.5%, a one percent increase in the use of employee’s non-monetary rewards would lead to an increase performance of public institutions by 31.2%, a one percentage increase in the use of employee’s fringe benefits would lead to 62.5% increase of performance of public institutions. Overall, the employee’s fringe benefits had the greatest effect on performance of Musanze District, followed by employee’s monetary rewards and lastly employee’s non-monetary rewards. At 5% level of significance and 95% level of confidence, employees' monetary rewards had a 0.035 level of significance; employees' non-monetary rewards had a 0.018 level of significance; and employees' fringe benefits had a 0.003 level of significance; therefore it was found that there is a significant relationship between all the independent variables and the public institutions’ performance. The researcher by regarding to the findings and objectives of the study made the following recommendations that Musanze District should continuously recognize and utilize external factors in human resource management practices, especially strategic human resource management, to ensure that employees are well motivated to perform their duties.
Keywords: Parental involvement, English speaking, skill mastery, Primary schools, Rwand
Influence of Project Planning Practices on Project Performance. A Case of Rwanda Dairy Development Project in Burera District, Rwanda
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the influence of project planning procedures on the performance of the RDDP in the Burera District. The research specifically analyzed the influence of scope planning practices on RDDP performance in Burera District as well as the influence of cost planning practices on RDDP performance in Burera District. Determine the influence of risk management practices on RDDP performance in the Burera District. The population of this study was 117, including Burera District staff, Burera Dairy staff, RAB staff, MINICOM staff, Rwanda National Dairy Platform staff, and Rwanda Veterinary Doctors Council staff. The Solvin formula is used to figure out the size of the sample because it is a simpler way to figure out sample sizes. When this formula is applied to the above sample, the researcher gets a sample size of 91. The documentary study, interviews, and questionnaires were used to gather data for the project. The researcher used the statistical approach generated by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to assess the collected data. In this strategy, the researcher used descriptive and correlational analysis. The model summary shows the value of R 0.795 and the value of R Square (0.631) represents the coefficient of determination. It indicates that 63.1% of the variance in performance can be explained by project planning practices. The coefficient results indicate that project scope planning, project cost planning, and project risk planning practices all have a statistically significant influence on the performance of the RDDP in Burera District. Project scope planning (β1 = 1.301) has a positive and significant effect on project performance (p < 0.05). Project cost planning (β2 = 1.112) has a positive and significant effect on project performance (p < 0.05). Project risk planning (β3 = 0.821) has a positive and significant effect on project performance (p < 0.05). These findings support the alternative hypotheses formulated in the study, suggesting that project planning practices have a meaningful influence on the performance of the RDDP in Burera District. Management is recommended putting emphasis on comprehensive scope planning for the RDDP in Burera District and ensuring that scope changes are carefully managed and communicated to minimize project disruptions
Determinants of Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Projects in Rwanda: Case of World Vision Supported Rural Water Supply Projects Conducted in the Western Province of Rwanda, Nyamasheke District, For Universal Service Coverage Program [2018-2022]
No full textThis research study was conducted to establish the determinants of Sustainability of implemented rural water projects in Universal Service coverage Program conducted by World Vision that had a specific objective of reaching 1million people with access to clean water in Rwanda by 2022. Hence, the study considered eleven water supply projects implemented in Nyamasheke district, in the western province of Rwanda, where a total budget of 5,8 million of US dollars was spent, in order to have now a total length of 562 km pipeline installed, with 418 water points and other related infrastructures. The sustainability was considered as dependent variable and the sector policy, post implementation impact evaluation practice, Choice of Technology, the Role of the Private Operator, and water users committee as independent variables. The study used a descriptive research design method and adopted and a stratified sampling method to have related data in this work. The study collected qualitative and quantitative information from 83 respondents, and analyzed them using SPSS model, where the obtained R2 was equivalent to 0.838, which indicates the strong correlation between measured variables. The results found in this work were then tested successfully for Validity. As a result, it was found that the major determinant of sustainability of those rural water supply projects is the contribution of Water users committees, which has a coefficient of 63.5%. The second factor being the Private operator’s role affecting the sustainability at 51.3%, then the third factor being the choice of Technology with 18.7% significance. Other factors like sector policy (3.4%), the Post implementation impact evaluation (4.1%) also contributed at some extent to the sustainability of projects under study. However, the results confirmed that, the most widespread community management model in our case failed to deliver the levels of sustainability that were initially anticipated. The privatization of water operations within a district has been proved to have an extended level of challenges with it, related to total quality management, to budget for operations and Maintenance, to technology in use, to Staffing, and then those related to types of agreements signed. The study recommended that more objective criteria of selection is essential, Close monitoring, regular trainings, increased incentives and other motivations tips and so as to boost members’ skills, ownership and accountability, which would lead thereafter to the sustainability of water utilities in the long run
The Effect of Risk Management Practices on Organizational Performance at Prime Insurance Ltd, Rwanda
No full textThe purpose of this research dissertation was to examine the effect of Risk management practices on organizational. This research dissertation was guided by the following specific objectives which were to investigate the effect of risk identification on organizational performance at PRIME INSURANCE ltd, to establish the effect of risk assessment on organizational performance at PRIME INSURANCE ltd; to analyze the effect of risk mitigation on organizational performance at PRIME INSURANCE ltd and to investigate the effect of risk monitoring on organizational performance at PRIME INSURANCE ltd. Moral hazard theory; stakeholder theory and theory of optimal capital structure were employed during the current research to enable more understanding the relationship between risk management and performance of indemnification corporations. Explanatory research design was engaged to allow the investigator to come up with understanding into a specific subject. The participants of this research involved 82 respondents of PRIME INSURANCE, located in Rwanda, headquarter Kigali. In this research dissertation, the researcher used a census for small populations as sample size determination, this approach was to use the entire population as the sample. Stratified sampling was involved by dividing the population into subpopulations that may differ in important ways. This research dissertation used both primary and secondary data; for the secondary data, the researcher reviewed books, articles and documents from university library and other libraries in Kigali relate to the risk management and insurance company performance; secondly the researcher used questionnaire as a major source of primary data collection. This research dissertation initially employed the test-retest reliability as a type of answers the question, to determine whether the scores would be stable over time. The correlation coefficient in this research dissertation was measured on a scale that varies from + 1 through 0 to – 1. Complete correlation between two variables were expressed by either + 1 or -1. The findings showed that risk identification had significant impact on performance of PRIME INSURANCE, this was expained by regression analysis of the value of 0.3825 at the probability value less than 0.05.Secondly, there was a positive significant relationship between risk assessment and performance of PRIME insurance, this was explained by the regression analysis of 0.3642 and the probability of less than 0.05.Thirdly, there was a positive and significant relationship between risk mitigation and performance of PRIME, this was explained by the regression analysis of 0.5542 and the probability value less than 0.05 and finally there was a signficant relationship between risk monitoring and performance of PRIME insurance. There was a positive significant relationship between duration establishment and project performance, this was explained by the value of R2of 79.2% and the probability of less than 0.05. These findings suggest that, once respected, management of these approaches can have a considerable impact on the success of performance of PRIME insurance.
Key words: Risk identification, Risk assessment, risk mitigation, risk monitoring, organizational performanc