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School Leadership Types and Teachers’ Empowerment in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda
No full textEducational quality is developing countries has been an issue where government of different developing countries have shown commitment to overcome challenges which impede the quality of their educational system. Rwandan government through ministry of educational and other stakeholders have started quality awareness campaign with intention of identifying and assessing the challenges which educational system are still facing and hinder improvement of educational quality (MINEDUC, 2018). Improving educational quality begins with teachers as they are the ones who work daily with students, therefore working environment which empower teachers to do their work effectively is a crucial step in improving educational quality. This paper came up to establish the relationship between school leadership and teachers’ empowerment in public secondary schools. The combination of correlational and descriptive research design was used. 167 teachers answered questionnaire designed to test teacher empowerment, 11 head teachers and 11 deans of studies were interviewed in guided interview. School leadership was independent variable while teachers’ empowerment was dependent variable. Data collected was analyzed using SPSSS version 21 and Karl Pearson Coefficient of Correlation was calculated to determine the relationship between school leadership and teacher empowerment. Analysis of the data collected from respondents shown that 27% of teachers confirmed use of autocratic leadership style, 83.5 % of teachers confirmed use of democratic leadership style while 79.2% confirmed use of Laissez-faire leadership style in school management. Data collected from questionnaire; 77.3% of teachers said that they are involved in decision making, 81.6% of teachers said that they are given opportunity to grow professionally. The study found low degree of positive correlation between professional development of teachers with being motivated and more creative where (r) 0.494. the study found a high degree of positive correlation between involving teachers in decision making with being motivated and more creative (r) 0.805 and there was also high degree of positive correlation between delegation of responsibilities with motivation and creativity among teachers (r) 0.777.
Keywords: Leadership, School Leadership and Teacher Empowerment
Classroom Management Strategies and Students’ Drop out in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda, a Case of Musanze District
No full textThe main aim of the study was to examine the influence of classroom management strategies on student dropouts in public secondary schools in Rwanda. The study’s specific objectives included; to evaluate the influence of disciplinary intervention strategies on student dropouts in public secondary schools in Musanze District, to examine the influence of teacher-student interaction strategies on student dropouts in public secondary schools in Musanze District, and to evaluate the influence of classroom arrangement strategies and student dropouts in public secondary schools in Musanze District. The target population of the study comprised of 135 participants sourced from head teachers, discipline masters, and teacher representatives from 45 schools. Yamane formula was utilized to determine sample size of 101. The research used purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The findings indicated that the discipline interventions strategies and students drop out were correlative significantly with regression analysis of R2 of 0.834 this means that the findings show strong linear, positive, statistically significant and good fit. The regression analysis (R2) of teacher-student Interaction and Student Dropout in public secondary schools in Rwanda was 0.811 and it shown that teacher-students interaction influence student drop out means a good mutuality of teachers and students motivate the students to attend class actively. The findings also focus on how classroom arrangement influence students drop out in public secondary school and the results were justified by the regression analysis of R2 of 0.924 means that the classroom arrangement can act as catalyst to reduce the student drop out in public secondary schools in Rwanda. Generally the regression analysis R square of 0.912 from all variables indicated that classroom management’s strategies are needed to reduce the student dropout rate in public secondary schools. All education partners should have periodical training sessions to encourage effective classroom management strategies, to encourage students to remain in class during teaching and learning process and to enhance teachers’ professional practice, knowledge, ethics, values and behaviors towards the students.
Keywords: classroom management’s strategies, Students’ drop out, schools, teacher-student interaction, disciplinary intervention, classroom arrangemen
A Comparative Assessment of Performance Management on Public Service Delivery in Paraguay and USA
No full textExperiences of South America‘s development over the last two decades have consistently demonstrated the need for more intensive efforts towards effectively addressing the continent‘s major development challenges, the degree of which varies from country to country. The state-of-the-art techniques and practices currently in operation in Western organisations can undoubtedly be of great benefit to organisations in developing countries. This study on performance management and public service delivery in comparison of Paraguay and the USA is therefore motivated by the need to establish and understand the factors that affect and influence improvement in public sector and ultimately improvement in the quality of public service delivery. This study adopted both an explorative case study research design and descriptive survey research design. Descriptive survey research design was used to analyze the patterns in the performance management in the two countries under study. The target population was the Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) under the Public service commission. The study used personnel in USA from the National Performance Management Commission to obtain qualitative data for the study. The data was analyzed using Chisquare and T-test. The chi square statistics indicated that there was no significant relationship (0.209>0.05) between the various techniques; balance score card, 360 degrees, behavioral assessment, ranking method and the written essay method on public service delivery service. This implied that there existed no significant relationship between the performance management methods used and public service delivery in Paraguay. The t-test results reported a significant difference on comparison of United states and Paraguay where health had a significance level of (0.014<0.05), Agriculture (0.0066<0.05), Education (0.0466<0.05), Security (0.002<0.05) and thus implied that the performance management systems used in the United States and those in Paraguay had a significance effect on public service delivery. In addition, the difference can be associated with the difference in development of systems and institutions in United States and Paraguay since the United States is a developed economy while Paraguay is developing economy.
Keywords: Comparative Assessment, Performance Management, Service Delivery, Paraguay & USA
Economic Creativity and Business Wealth in United States and United Kingdom
No full textThe United States and the United Kingdom have a mixed economy, developed through free market and global economy, which is regulated by the Government to prevent market failure. The mixed market economy allows the market to operate and the government to only intervene where the market fails. Their economic growth in the short run have been driven by factor accumulation or by utilizing factors more efficiently, but permanent increases resulting from technological innovation. Many of the world's biggest and most dynamic companies–including Google, Facebook, Amazon, Coca-Cola–have chosen the United States and the United Kingdom as their headquarters. The study highlights the types of innovation, the innovation environment and the drivers of innovation. The study concludes that the use of innovation is the only way to maintain a competitive advantage that is sustainable and also access in the market. This innovation secures the future revenues it lowers the costs and creates differentiation of the company in the market. Also to note is that a business model should just be in the short term but also in the medium and long term. For a company to develop a market advantage in the long term, it has to professionally implement innovation management indispensably.
Keywords: Economic Creativity, Business Wealth, United States, United Kingdom
Theoretical and Empirical Study of Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: Perspective from Mexico
No full textMany countries across the world today compare their economies based upon the operating and performance of their capital markets. Despite of the disastrous crude oil crash in 2015, Mexico's economic climate still carried out well in 2016; nonetheless, growth slowed down in 2017 and the Mexican Central Bank needed to change its development estimates for 2018 and 2019. Stock market plays a crucial duty in economic growth and economic success of a country, the majority of developing countries in Eastern and Central Europe have carried out reforms in the monetary industry in regards to restructuring and privatization of public business and the establishment or growth of capital markets. In developing nations, the best participants in the funding markets are people, or homes provided as capitalists. Resources markets in less-developed countries, are also shallow in terms of market capitalization as a result of the limited number of listed firms and a limited number of individuals (people). Regardless of the substantial study carried out in the location a discussion still exists on the informal connection between stock exchange advancement and financial development. This research study analyzed theoretically and empirically the partnership between stock market advancement and financial development perspective from Mexico. The study found that that stock market advancement favorably impact financial growth in Mexico both in the short term run and long term. This study found that the long-run relationship between securities market growth and economic development with both datasets and, long-run origin ranging from economic development to stock exchange development, and temporary bi-directional origin between the variables. The study concluded that the development of stock exchange depends upon of lots of aspects, both international as national, but most importantly them results more direct will certainly result this last, because will certainly be that objective directly the evolution of the very same.
Keywords. Theoretical, Stock market, Development, Economic, Growth, Mexic
Extent and Consequence of Learning Management Systems Usage: An Experience from College Students in the United States
No full textThis study evaluated the extent and consequence of learning management systems usage by college students in the US. The learning management system (LMS) has become a critical tool for nearly all institutions of higher education, and a driving force in online learning. There was a time in the not-so-distant past when making use of an LMS was taken into consideration very ingenious. Recognizing the development and fostering of the LMS is a tipping stone to understanding how professors may choose to adopt various other technical and also pedagogical innovations. The adaptation of web sources has been classified a technical change as well as has transformed exactly how we consider and also make use of information. This seems especially noticeable in the growth of educational tools and products that are used in online as well as web-based programs. Although the internet has actually turned into a scholastic town where people learn and also generate, a substantial number of university administrators as well as faculty continue focusing their vision on the physical school traditional. This research study was a literature based. The outcomes recognized the attributes that were used most regularly and just how usage had changed gradually. Additionally, the study contrasted the use information for face-to-face and also on-line courses to establish if there are differences in LMS use because of training course modality. Based upon this, it is possible to better recognize the duty the LMS plays in college and online understanding, to notify development of next generation finding out systems or various other ingenious technologies. The research likewise found that 99% of higher education establishments in US had an LMS in position, and also the LMS was utilized by 85% of professors as well as 83% of students.
Key Words: Extent, Consequence, LMS, Usage, College student
Teachers’ Non-Monetary Motivation and Students’ Academic Performance in Public Primary Schools in Rwanda
No full textMost of public primary schools in Rwanda, students performed poorly compared to private primary schools. This academic performance of students in public primary schools may be affected various factors including teachers’ non-monitory motivating factors. Therefore, the study established the relationship between teacher non-monitary motivating factors and students’ academic performance in public primary schools. This study used descriptive research design with the sample size of 140 people. Teacher non-monitary motivation was used as independent variable while students’ academic performance was used as dependent variable. The collected findings, were analyzed by using correlation research design, to indicate the relationship between teachers’ non-motivating factors and students’ academic performance. The findings indicated free lunch; Free accommodations; Health insurance; Training and development; Recognition were used to be non-monetary motivating factors given to teachers. The study also revealed that, there is a significance high degree of positive correlation between teacher non-monetary motivation and students’ academic performance as it was proved by Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation (r) of + 0.642. However, the highest correlation was given by free lunch given to teachers and students’ completion with r of + 0.715 as indicated by the respondents of the study.
Keywords : Teacher Non-Monetary Motivating Factors, Students’ Academic Performanc
The Effect of Learning Environment in School-Based Mentoring Programs on Students’ Social Development in Public Secondary Schools, Nairobi County
No full textThe primary purpose of this research was to assess the effect of learning environment in school-based mentoring programs on students’ social development in public secondary schools in Nairobi County. The study adopted a quantitative method and it utilized a cross-sectional correlational design. The population for this study was 44, 686. Besides, the sample size was calculated using Yaro Yamane formulae, which gave 396 respondents. Data was collected using adopted and adapted tools. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The correlation results indicated a positive and significant relationship between the learning environment and students' social development aspects: students' building relationships, identity development, self-esteem and sense of belonging. Based on the correlation results, the study concluded that there was a significant relationship between the learning environment and students' social development aspects: students' building relationships, identity development, self-esteem and sense of belonging. Further, from the regression results, the study concluded that the learning environment in school-based mentoring programs had a positive and significant influence on students' social development. Besides, the paper recommended that secondary schools should strengthen the learning environment aspects. These are; the community of peers, teachers' relationship, mentoring climate and meaningful engagement. The parent's involvement enhances the process of mentoring the social development of their children and being in a position to monitor their progress, too, since they will foster it from home once they close the school.
Keywords: Learning environment, Students’ social development, School-based mentoring program
The Use of ICT Resources and Teachers Performance in Government Aided Secondary Schools in Rwanda
No full textThe effective use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources plays a significance role in the improvement of teachers performance and school outcomes that lead to the quality of education. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to determine the relationship between the use of ICT resources and teachers performance in Public and government aided secondary schools of Rwamagana District. This paper employed correlational research design. The target population comprised 110 people and sample size of 86 respondents got by using Solvin formula. Observation schedule and questionnaire were used as instruments of data collection and analyzed by SPSS for quantitative findings and thematic approach for qualitative approach. The findings revealed that more than 50% of teachers use ICT occasionally as they use it one period per week while 48% of respondents stated that they use ICT at least 5 periods per week. However, the findings also revealed that more than 63% of respondents, their performances become high in all highlighted teaching practices when they use ICT. It was also found that there is a statistical significance relationship between the use of ICT resources and teachers performance in public and government aided secondary schools P-value = .000 < .01 and r = .533. This paper also recommends that Secondary school teachers should be technologically knowledgeable and be equipped with ICT skills and also trained regularly on ICT use in teaching activities.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Teachers Performance, Government Aided Secondary Schools and ICT resources
Managing Education in Kenya amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic (A Theoretical Perspective)
No full textThe education sector in Kenya is among the greatest casualties of the COVID 19 pandemic. The educational complexities presented by prolonged closure of learning institutions have had varied impact on educational stakeholders. For majority of the population, 2020 is a lost academic year. Divergent views on managing education amidst the crisis have been proposed and different measures taken. The ministry of education has also been subjected to pressure and litigations to fully open up learning institutions in spite of rising cases of infections in learning institutions. The pressure has exacerbated with the increasing involvement of school-going children in disruptive behavior. As the ministry juggles the critical issues relating to children’s right to life, best interest, and their right to education, the need for stakeholder management has conspicuously stood out. It is at such a critical time, when the ministry is receiving a lot of limelight that the minister in-charge must call upon his leadership skills to keep the sector afloat. This article offers insights drawn from select educational leadership theories that could provide guidance to educational managers and other education actors.
Keywords: Pandemic, education, stakeholder management, leadership theory