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Debt Financing and Firm Profitability of Manufacturing Companies in Selangor State, Malaysia.
No full textDebt financing significantly influences the profitability of manufacturing companies in Malaysia, a nation with a robust industrial sector. While debt can be a powerful tool to fund expansion, investment in technology, and market penetration, it also introduces financial risks. The impact of debt financing on firm profitability depends on factors such as prudent debt management, macroeconomic conditions, and industry-specific considerations. To optimize profitability, manufacturing companies in Malaysia should strike a balance between leveraging debt for growth and managing the associated financial risks effectively. Findings from the study on debt financing and firm profitability of manufacturing companies in Selangor State, Malaysia indicate that these businesses rely on debt as a crucial source of capital for expansion and innovation. Prudent debt management is a key driver of enhanced profitability, while excessive debt burdens can erode profits due to high interest expenses. The impact of economic conditions and government policies further underscores the need for robust risk mitigation strategies in this dynamic economic landscape. In conclusion, the complex relationship between debt financing and firm profitability in Selangor's manufacturing sector highlights the need for a delicate balance between leveraging debt for growth while prudently managing risk. Manufacturing companies in Selangor should remain vigilant in their debt management strategies, adapt to changing economic conditions, and stay attuned to government policies and incentives to achieve and sustain profitability in this competitive economic landscape. The study recommended that manufacturing companies in Selangor should prioritize prudent debt management, regularly assessing their debt-to-equity ratios and ensuring efficient cost management to avoid excessive interest expenses. Additionally, diversifying capital sources and considering alternative financing options can reduce reliance on traditional debt financing, enhancing financial flexibility and resilience.
Keywords: Debt Financing, Firm Profitability, Manufacturing Companies, Malaysi
Ethical Lending for Better Loan Performance: A Case for Utilitarianism in Commercial Banks
No full textThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethics of credit officers on the level of loan quality and hence the performance loans in a commercial bank at the branch level. The study followed a positivist philosophy and a cross-sectional survey research design. Based on Slovin (1960), the study targeted 310 branches out of 1,384 population branches from 43 licensed commercial banks in Kenya. Lending ethics are measured using a score mimicking the Sustainalytics for Responsible Investment Services (SRIS) criteria for measuring the ethics indices. Loan performance was the five-year average of percentage-performing loans for a branch. Ordinary Least Square results (R=0.211; R-Square =0.044) confirmed a weak, positive relationship between lending ethics and loan performance. The ANOVA of the model was significant and (the coefficient=0.237; significant value=0.000) confirmed the positive relationship, which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. It implies that bank branches or lenders who inculcate ethical lending can achieve higher loan recoverability. The results may not be generalisable in all contexts. Further testing of the relationship is needed in different contexts, including comparative analysis of bank strata and other lending institutions for inferential tests. However, the study provides a sound input on the issue of ethics in lending. The silence in research on the significance of lending ethics, loan quality, and credit market performance is incongruous with the potential damage of financial markets when messaging on the essence of ethics is relaxed. The paper provides implications for lenders to develop mechanisms to raise the bar on the ethics of their credit officers. Lenders should be blamed for internal causes of credit non-performance. But they can overcome the blame by overcoming the clash of the morals of their staffs and agents with the banks concept of ethics. Emphasis on utilitarianism, so that their officers focus is optimal lending by maximizing common good, and not individual gains can help. This paper fills the gap on why ethics at the specific point of lending need to be emphasised and enhanced to increase loan performance for a thriving, sustainable credit markets.
Key Terms: Lending Ethics, Loan Performance, Commercial Bank Branche
Macro-Economic Variables and Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Kenya
No full textIslamic banks are financial institutions that adhere to the principles and guidelines of Islamic law, also known as sharia law. Based on economic theories and other practical considerations, Interest rates and inflation rates complement one another on the effects of the financial results posted by banks. Exchange rates have been found to have negative effects on performance outcomes posted by Islamic banks in Kenya. The study focused on the effect of interest rate, inflation and exchange rates fluctuations on financial performance of Islamic banks in Kenya. Four theories served as the study's foundation; demand pull theory, Purchasing power parity theory, Productivity Theory and Irving Fisher’s theory. The study shall focus on three licensed Islamic banks. A descriptive design was adopted. Secondary data template was used to collect data for the study. The study utilized a data collection schedule as its research instrument, gathering information over a period of 13 years (2009-2021). The descriptive data statistics such as mean; standard deviation were used to analyse quantitative data. Inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions on the link between macroeconomic variables and performance. There result was presented using tables, graphs and charts. The study found that interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate fluctuation all had statistically significant effect the financial performance. It was concluded that macro-economic variables are significant predictors of financial performance of Islamic banks in Kenya. The study recommends that policy makers working at the Central Bank of Kenya should leverage the existing monetary policies in order to manage inflationary pressure in the country. It is necessary for CBK's policymakers to review the existing monetary policies to counter interest rates which have been found to have significant implication on financial performance. The senior managers working among Islamic banks in Kenya should leverage the macroeconomic variables in order to enhance the financial positions of their banks. The Islamic banks in Kenya should develop adaptive strategies to manage the impact of macroeconomic variables on their financial performance.
Keywords: Islamic Banking, Financial Performance, Macro-Economic Variables, Kenyan Economy, Sharia-Compliant Financ
Assessing the Effectiveness of Cybersecurity Measures in the United States Telecommunications Industry: A Comprehensive Analysis
No full textThis research study assessed the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures in the United States telecommunications industry through a comprehensive analysis. Descriptive survey design was employed to establish a theoretical foundation and draw insights from existing scholarly articles, industry reports, and relevant cybersecurity frameworks. The analysis focused on historical cyber threat data and incidents within the telecommunications sector to identify prevalent threats and vulnerabilities. The literature review provided valuable insights into the challenges faced by the industry and the evolving landscape of cybersecurity. Quantitative data was collected through surveys administered to telecommunication companies operating in the United States. The surveys covered various aspects of cybersecurity practices, protocols, and incidents. The data collected from the surveys was analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of existing cybersecurity measures in mitigating cyber threats. Additionally, qualitative insights and perspectives were gathered through interviews with key stakeholders, including cybersecurity experts, telecommunication industry professionals, and regulatory authorities. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the state of cybersecurity in the United States telecommunications industry. The literature-based approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the industry's cybersecurity posture based on existing knowledge and research. The research outcomes provide valuable insights for telecommunication companies, policymakers, and regulatory authorities. By addressing the identified gaps and weaknesses, policymakers and regulatory authorities can implement targeted interventions to enhance cybersecurity practices. Telecommunication companies can leverage the research findings to strengthen their cybersecurity protocols and protect critical infrastructure. The research study demonstrates the importance of continuous evaluation and improvement of cybersecurity measures in the telecommunications industry. It highlights the need for ongoing collaboration between industry stakeholders, policymakers, and regulatory bodies to address the evolving cyber threat landscape effectively.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Measures, United States, Telecommunications Industry, Comprehensive Analysis
The Influence of Teacher-Student Relationships on Student Motivation and Achievement: Perspective from Japan
No full textThis study conducted a comprehensive literature-based exploration into the critical role of teacher-student relationships in student motivation and achievement within the Japanese educational context. The foundation of this research pivots around the understanding that these relationships may significantly affect the educational outcomes for students. Drawing upon multiple scholarly sources and empirical studies, the research investigates how the unique cultural and educational environment in Japan impacts these relationships. We found that the Japanese educational system, characterized by a strong teacher authority and a culture that values harmony, shapes unique teacher-student dynamics. The study further analyzed how these dynamics contribute to students' intrinsic motivation and academic performance. Findings suggest that positive teacher-student relationships in Japan, often marked by respect, emotional support, and constructive feedback, are likely to foster a nurturing and motivational learning environment. This supportive atmosphere subsequently promotes student engagement, facilitates cognitive development, and enhances academic achievement. Conversely, less optimal teacher-student relationships may lead to lower motivation levels, hindering students' potential to succeed academically. This study not only highlights the importance of cultivating positive teacher-student relationships in the Japanese context but also underscores the universal applicability of this principle in achieving optimal educational outcomes worldwide. This research contributes to the broader discourse on educational pedagogy, providing valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers. However, it is noteworthy that further empirical investigations are necessary to deepen our understanding of this topic, considering the diverse social, cultural, and individual factors at play. As such, the study concludes with recommendations for future research directions, emphasizing the need for a holistic and inclusive approach to education.
Keywords: Teacher-Student Relationships, Student Motivation, Academic Achievement, Japanese Education System, Educational Outcome
The Impact of Multilingual Education on Students' Cognitive Development: Evidence from the China
No full textThis research retrospectively explored the impact of multilingual education on students' cognitive development, with a focus on China's educational system. It illustrated how immersion in multiple languages enhanced cognitive abilities, supported by empirical data collected from schools across various Chinese regions. Distinct improvements were seen in cognitive domains such as problem-solving, attention, memory, and cognitive flexibility. The research underlined a correlation between multilingual education and an enriched cognitive repertoire, showcasing the ability to think divergently and handle complex tasks efficiently. The study also addressed the challenges involved in implementing multilingual education, including the need for specialized resources and trained educators. Despite these hurdles, the findings from China echoed the global consensus supporting multilingualism as a potent tool in fostering cognitive development. This analysis has broad implications for shaping educational policies worldwide, advocating for more significant incorporation of multilingual education to optimize cognitive growth among students.
Keywords: Multilingual Education, Cognitive Development, Students, Impact, China
The Influence of AI-Powered Adaptive Learning Platforms on Student Performance in Chinese Classrooms
No full textThis study delved into the impact of AI-powered adaptive learning platforms on student performance within the context of Chinese classrooms. Utilizing a comprehensive retrospective approach, the research examined the effects of these innovative platforms on academic achievements, engagement levels, and overall learning outcomes. In the past decade, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational technology has revolutionized traditional teaching methods. Adaptive learning platforms, driven by AI algorithms, customize learning experiences to cater to individual student needs and learning paces. This study examined a diverse range of Chinese classrooms, encompassing various grade levels and subjects, to ascertain the widespread influence of such platforms. Data collection involved the analysis of historical student performance data from multiple academic years. The study assessed both quantitative metrics, such as test scores and grade improvements, and qualitative indicators, including student feedback and engagement patterns. Through rigorous statistical analyses, the study established correlations between the utilization of AI-powered adaptive learning platforms and enhanced student performance. The findings revealed a significant positive association between the integration of AI-powered platforms and student outcomes. Students exposed to personalized learning experiences exhibited improved academic achievements compared to those in traditional classrooms. Furthermore, the study identified heightened levels of engagement and motivation, as the adaptability of these platforms catered to individual learning preferences. In conclusion, this research underscores the transformative role of AI-powered adaptive learning platforms in Chinese classrooms, highlighting their ability to elevate student performance and engagement. As China continues to embrace technological advancements in education, this study offers valuable insights into the evolution of pedagogical approaches and their positive outcomes on student learning in the past.
Keywords: AI-powered, Adaptive learning platforms, Student performance, Chinese classrooms, Influenc
School Feeding Program Implementation and Students’ Discipline in Twelve Years Basic Education in Rwanda
No full textThe effective implementation of school feeding program plays a significant role in the promotion of students’ retention and disciple in general. The purpose of this study therefore, sought to determine the effect of school feeding program implementation on students’ discipline in twelve years basic education in Nyarugenge district in Rwanda. This study employed correlation research design. The target population of this study was 194 people corresponding to the sample size of 131respondents by using Solvin’s formula. Questionnaire and guided interview were used as data collection instruments. The findings revealed that the implementation of school feeding influences the students’ discipline at 64.9% as indicated by the R-Square. The findings also revealed that timely food provision, meal/snacks provision. Community participation and functional monitoring and evaluation system as well as school feeding management can improve students’ discipline. It was concluded that effective implementation of school feeding program influences students’ discipline somewhere between 49.2 percent and 78.2 percent. The study concludes that the implementation of the school feeding program has a significant positive impact on student discipline in the 12-year basic education system in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. Teachers largely agree that the program has merits, from timely submission of assignments to community involvement in feeding initiatives. The study recommends that Ministry of Education in Rwanda should consider standardizing the school feeding program across all schools in the 12-year basic education system. In addition, it is crucial for educational planners to work in collaboration with school administrators to develop strategies that strengthen student discipline through the school feeding program. This may include training programs for school staff on how to effectively manage and monitor the feeding program, as well as creating channels for parents to be more involved, given their crucial role in the program's success. Daily oversight by school principals, as well as regular feedback mechanisms, should be put in place to ensure that the program is achieving its goals, both in terms of nutrition and student discipline.
Keywords: Student, discipline, School feeding, students’ discipline and school feeding program
Teaching Strategies for Children with Disabilities in Melbourne, Australia
No full textThe education system in Australia promotes student-centered and inclusive pedagogical practices. Technology plays a significant role in Australian classrooms, with a focus on integrating digital tools to enhance learning experiences. Teachers use differentiated instruction to tailor their teaching strategies, content, and assessment approaches to accommodate the diverse learning needs of students. Assistive technology tools, like text-to-speech software, speech recognition software, or specialized learning apps, are used to enhance accessibility and support learning for students with disabilities. Studies found that the integration of assistive technology tools significantly enhanced the learning experience and academic outcomes of children with disabilities. Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) are found to be effective in guiding the provision of specialized support and accommodations for students with disabilities. Research emphasizes the importance of collaborative development and regular review of IEPs involving teachers, parents, and relevant specialists. The study concluded that investing in comprehensive teacher training and professional development programs is important. Equipping teachers with the required knowledge and skills, they can implement individualized instruction, utilize assistive technology, and foster social-emotional development effectively. Creating inclusive school environments involves shifting attitudes and promoting acceptance and belonging for all students. Engaging with policymakers and advocating for sufficient resources and support systems, the education system can create an inclusive and equitable environment that values the diverse abilities of all students. The study recommended that the government should provide comprehensive and ongoing training opportunities for teachers to develop the necessary knowledge and skills in inclusive education and teaching strategies for children with disabilities. Allocation of sufficient resources to schools to ensure access to specialized support services, such as support staff, special educators, and therapists, who can collaborate with teachers to develop and implement effective teaching strategies.
Keywords: Teaching Strategies, Children, Disabilities, Australi
Parent-Child Relationship Management Strategies and Reintegration of Street Children in Rwanda; A Case of Gasabo District, Rwanda
No full textThis study ascertained impact of parent-child relationship management strategies on the successful reintegration of street children using Gasabo District. The specific goals were to identify parent-child relationship management strategies used for successful street children reintegration, to assess the level of successful street child reintegration, and to assess the relationship between parent-child relationship management strategies and to ensure successful street child reintegration. The study employed a mixed-methods research design that combined descriptive and correlative elements. 1274 parents and kids make up the study population, from which a sample size of 305 respondents was determined using the Slovenian formula. From five sectors of the Gasabo District, a proportionate number of respondents were chosen using a stratified sample technique. A simple random sampling was used to select parents and children, while a targeted sampling technique was used to select key informants from the Gasabo District, National Children's Commission, National Rehabilitation Services and Rehabilitation Centers. A questionnaire survey, an interview guide and a document check were used to collect information. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Data Analysis (SPSS), version 26.0, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results for the first objective were: 71.4 % pointed out positive behavior and 70.6% had tried while 76.2% motivated children to use words. The results show that 69.50% gave their children pocket money, and 65.1% observed reasons for children's behavior. The results for the second objective showed that 64.0% strongly agreed with improving access to education, 44.0% of respondents with improving social behavior. The third objective results found that the correlation between parent-child relationship management strategies in children yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.843 between positive reinforcement in access to education. In conclusion, effective relationship management strategies between parents and children play an essential role in reintegration of street children. The study recommends that the government should address the root cause before children’s reintegration and adequate preparation by increasing family income before reintegration. Government should focus on the problems that cause children to leave their home for street life. Parents should feel their responsibility, empower community to take care of children and to link children with their families, and to build in a child a trust that create friendship within society. Parents and Community at large, should put in mind that there is no better and comfortable place for a child other than being raised in the family, within the safe environment. Children should to attend school or vocational institutions where they can acquire different skills and they should elevate their voices to ensure that their worries are well-known.
Keywords: Reintegration of Street Children, Positive reinforcement, financial support, Parent-Child relationship management strategies, Rwanda