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AUTOMATED COMPLEX "ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE OF THE VOTER (EPO)" AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE ELECTION PROCESS
Get PDFThe article studies the automated complex "Electronic Voter Signature" (EPO) as an element of the critical information infrastructure of the election process. It is shown that modern electoral systems can no longer rely solely on paper procedures and traditional identification mechanisms, as the intensity of cyber threats aimed at undermining trust in voting results is increasing. A system model of the EPO complex is proposed, in which key modules are allocated: biometric verification of voters, cryptographic protection and signature, management of voting sessions, logging and auditing, integration with the electronic voting system, as well as security monitoring subsystems based on Zero Trust, IDS (intrusion detection systems) and SIEM (centralized event correlation) approaches. To assess the reliability and stability of the complex, probabilistic models of reliability theory, indicators of average uptime (MTBF) and mean recovery time (MTTR), availability factor and generalized stability function were used. Special attention is paid to modeling cascade failures in the network of district nodes interacting through secure channels, using graph models and simulation scenarios. To increase the effectiveness of cyber defense, the use of machine learning methods, in particular, deep architectures CNN+LSTM, AE+LSTM and Byte2Image transformations for analyzing network traffic and event logs is proposed. It has been demonstrated that the combination of redundant architectural solutions, the Zero Trust concept and intelligent anomaly detection systems allows achieving a significantly higher level of availability and resilience of the EPO complex compared to the basic configurations. A method for protecting the biometric identification and authentication unit by human face from spoofing attacks is proposed using algorithms for converting color image spaces into YCrCb and CIE L*u*v* and analyzing attack signs using the ETC classifier. The normative aspects of the regulation of electoral information systems in Ukraine were discussed, the need for formal recognition of electoral systems as a component of the national critical infrastructure was emphasized. Recommendations were formulated for the integration of cyber resilience requirements into national electoral and cybersecurity regulations, as well as directions for further research on risk modeling and evaluation of the effectiveness of hybrid ML/AI solutions in the electoral process
A SCALABLE AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR AI-AUGMENTED ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION
Get PDFRobotic Process Automation (RPA) has become crucial for digital transformation in businesses. However, traditional RPA systems have issues with scalability, flexibility, and ethical standards. This paper introduces an AI-augmented RPA framework that brings together machine learning, process mining, and built-in governance into one structure. Unlike earlier approaches that handle these aspects separately, this model supports smart decision-making, improves workflows in real-time, and ensures compliant oversight across different industries. The framework is tested using various case studies, stakeholder surveys, and experiments based on simulations. Results show significant improvements in efficiency, fewer errors, better scalability, and more acceptances from the workforce. This study contributes to the conversation on intelligent automation by expanding the literature with a combined ethical-process mining model and offers practical advice for responsibly implementing AI-driven RPA
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CYBERSECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE METAVERSE FORMATION
Get PDFThis article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal challenges and regulatory gaps emerging in the field of cybersecurity amid the rapid development of the metaverse—a virtual environment that integrates digital reality, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and distributed data technologies. The study explores critical legal dilemmas related to user identification, personal data protection, digital property management, and the implementation of smart contracts. It is argued that traditional regulatory models based on territorial sovereignty and centralized control mechanisms are ineffective in dynamic digital ecosystems, where identity, transactions, and interactions acquire transboundary and multi-agent characteristics. The concept of cyber-jurisdiction in metaverse environments is proposed, incorporating parameters of decentralization, network sovereignty, and the protection of individual information rights. Based on a comparative analysis of approaches from the EU, the USA, South Korea, and Ukraine, the article formulates proposals for developing an adaptive legal model for cyber governance, including mechanisms for digital certification, confidential identification, and cyberethical behavioral norms in virtual space. The results of the study are of interest to scholars, legislators, cyber analysts, and metaverse developers from the perspective of regulatory unification and the establishment of digital civil rights
GDPR PRACTICES FOR IDENTITY VERIFICATION IN THE BICYCLE RENTAL SECTOR IN BELGIUM
Get PDFThis article studies the Belgian Data Protection Authority’s decision of 19 August 2025 about a bicycle rental company that demanded users to provide their identity cards, where more information was placed for the contract performance, and, moreover, allowed continuous geolocation tracking. The case shows how personal data must be practically processed in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It spotlights the legal issues of necessity, legal interests, data minimization, together with the privacy, transparency, proportionality, and rights to access. The examination also stresses that location data, while not explicitly defined in the GDPR, qualifies as personal data too. The sanctions levied by the Belgian authority, including a reprimand and a warning, confirm the importance of executing robust safeguards to secure lawful processing and respect for data subjects’ rights. Also, by brooding on scholarly lookouts with a practical case, the study recommends enriching identity verification practices in shared mobility services, ensuring GDPR obedience while keeping user trust
AI-ENABLED DRONES: THE CASE OF THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR AND ITS FAR-REACHING CONSEQUENCES
Get PDFThe Russo-Ukrainian War has significantly accelerated the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and drones (or unmanned aerial systems) into modern military operations, transforming security and defence. Traditional doctrines, centred on static, physical defences, have proven insufficient against the speed and adaptability of AI-enabled drone warfare. Drawing on recent operational evidence, this paper identifies three doctrinal shifts: the replacement of fixed defences with dynamic monitoring networks, based on collaborative human-AI decision-making; the decentralization of innovation through collaboration between military units and civilian actors; and the recognition of drones as inherently dual-use technologies requiring tailored policy frameworks. By analysing Ukraine’s adaptive approach to limited resources, the study underscores the strategic advantages of proactive detection, predictive analytics, and rapid technological iteration. These findings suggest that states that integrate AI-driven anticipation and dual-use preparedness into their doctrines will be better positioned to safeguard the civilian population and critical infrastructure in an era of rapid technological diffusion and evolving threats
LEGAL REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF INTERNAL INFORMATION SECURITY AS A COMPONENT OF UKRAINE\u27S NATIONAL SECURITY
Get PDFLegal regulation in the field of national information policy is guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine [1], the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “On the Concept (Fundamentals of State Policy) of National Security of Ukraine,” the Law of Ukraine “On Information,” the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Information in Information and Telecommunication Systems,” the Presidential Decree enacting the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated October 15, 2021 “On the Information Security Strategy,” and other regulatory and subordinate legal acts [2].
Scientific research on ensuring state security in Ukraine’s border regions is wide-ranging, particularly in safeguarding information security against unlawful intrusions. The protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as the provision of economic and information security, are among the most crucial responsibilities of the state and the shared duty of the Ukrainian people. It should be noted that the responsibility for maintaining national security and securing the state border in the domain of information security lies with the relevant government authorities, military formations, and law enforcement agencies, whose structure and operational procedures are defined by law [3].
Furthermore, reform initiatives in Ukraine’s law enforcement sector and the formalization of law enforcement agencies in the Constitution require, first and foremost, clarification of the term “law enforcement agencies,” an understanding of their functional purpose, and based on that, the definition of their system. At present, Ukrainian administrative law recognizes anywhere from 17 to 80 law enforcement agencies, depending on the particular interpretation of the “law enforcement function” and the classification criteria built upon it [4].
Current legislation does not provide a comprehensive concept of law enforcement agencies. Instead, it defines them by way of enumeration. Additionally, the Law of Ukraine “On State Protection of Court Employees and Law Enforcement Officials” dated December 23, 1993 expands this list to include other executive bodies—such as the Fisheries Protection Service and the State Forest Protection Service—which perform not only law enforcement functions but also contribute to legal regulation in the field of internal information security
DIGITAL JURISDICTION
Get PDFThe scientific work is a logical continuation of the author\u27s many years of research devoted to the formation of the paradigm of digital jurisdiction — a new legal system for the digital and immersive environment of the Metaverse. If previous works outlined the conceptual foundations of this phenomenon, the current study for the first time structures digital jurisdiction in the format of a holistic model that combines the technical, ethical, procedural and legal levels of digital governance. The model is considered as a normative architecture of the future — a kind of "metaoperating system" for regulating social relations in virtual spaces, which transforms the classical principles of sovereignty, jurisdiction and responsibility in the online world.
The article offers a methodological scheme for building an digital jurisdiction based on a modular approach, which allows it to be integrated into the system of national and international law. Particular attention is paid to institutional and procedural components — digital courts, ombudsmen, cross-border arbitration, as well as the principles of algorithmic legitimacy and ethical-centric governance. Digital jurisdiction is interpreted as a tool for civilizational adaptation of law to the age of Web 4.0, blockchain legal protocols and artificial intelligence.
This study not only systematizes the established theory but also offers a conceptual shift from the declarative level to modelling the operational legal system of the future, opening prospects for the creation of digital codes, registers and international regulatory platforms. The author encourages the scientific community to a deep discussion about borders, subjectivity, and justice in digital civilization, because digital jurisdiction is not just a new legal form — it is a matrix for restarting law and order in post-physical reality
FEATURES OF DIGITALIZATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Get PDFThe article substantiates that modern development of digital technologies dramatically transforms approaches to the organization and functioning of public administration. The vision is given that digitalization is not just a technological innovation, but a prerequisite for effective public administration in the 21st century.
The authors argue that we do not present life without domestic digitalization. The digital technologies we use do not list daily. Most often these are computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, servers, mobile banking, profiles on social networks, digital fluilance, electron mail, cloud digital technologies, work, mobile applications, BlaBlacar, alarm, household technicians with Wi-Fi, and more. Currently, all humanity has become a luminaire. It is concluded that today as a result of the formation and development of a digital state, a number of "digital terms" is formed in Ukraine, which have been used since the beginning of the XXI century in the Laws "On Electronic Identification and Electronic Trust Services", "On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Management, and others [1]; It is established that, depending on the expected effects of the digital world, individual groups of stakeholders, the term "digitalization" is used arbitrarily, differently. Digitalization is often confused with the terms of digitalization and digital transformation (digital transformation). The authors offer an understanding of the features of the concept of digitization about the information recording system, while digitalization is about the interconnection systems and the use of digitized data. Digitalization (digitalization) - two conceptual terms in digital state, which are closely related but inaccessible, are not replaced by each other
SAFE USE OF DIGITAL MEDICAL DATA OF HIGH-TECH DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS IN EXPERT SIMULATION BASED ON VIRTUAL TWINS
Get PDFThe article discusses the prerequisites for the safe use of digital medical data of high-tech diagnostic examinations, primarily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in expert medical modelling based on virtual patient twins (Digital Twin). Based on the analysis of modern research on privacy, security, and ethics of digital twins in medicine, cybersecurity, and the metaverse, the composition of the main threats has been clarified: falsification of images and metadata, personal data leaks, and non-transparent secondary use of information. A conceptual architecture of a medical digital twin for expert and forensic purposes is proposed, which integrates cryptographically secure storages, event logs, algorithms for detecting fake MRI data, and legal information processing policies. For quantitative assessment of risks, a probabilistic model has been built, as well as an optimization setting of the choice of technical and organizational protection measures. For automated data integrity control, a combination of convolutional and recurrent neural network (CNN+LSTM) for image analysis and an autoencoder with LSTM (AE+LSTM) for monitoring metadata sequences and access logs were used. It is shown how the proposed model is consistent with the requirements of the legislation of Ukraine on personal data protection, EU Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR) and the US HIPAA act and can be implemented within the framework of the Zero Trust architecture in medical information systems. The practical result of the work is the formation of a holistic methodology for the design of medical digital twins, focused on the expert use of MRI data, which minimizes legal risks and increases the reliability of conclusions
ETHICS AND RESPONSIBILITY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN JUSTICE
Get PDFThe article examines the complex challenges and prospects arising from the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the justice system. The growing role of automated algorithms in legal procedures demonstrates the intention to increase the efficiency of judicial proceedings and optimize the work of law enforcement agencies. At the same time, the use of AI can give rise to a number of ethical, legal and technical problems, particularly issues of transparency, accountability, algorithmic discrimination and biases that manifest in judicial practice and law enforcement processes. The article analyzes scientific approaches to the formation of principles of accountability when making AI decisions and proposes theoretical and practical guidelines for developing the transparency and reliability of intelligent algorithms in the legal sphere. Considerable attention is paid to the research methodology, which combines formal-legal and empirical methods, as well as algorithmic modeling and machine learning tools. The “Results” section provides examples of quantitative analyses and compares the effectiveness of different approaches to the application of AI in jurisprudence. Visualizations and tables demonstrate statistical information and features of the integration of AI into judicial procedures and legal practice. The “Discussion” highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of the developing of an ethics code and legal regulation possibilities, considering diverse challenges. It is concluded that for the effective implementation of AI in justice, wholesome models of transparency, independent auditing and regulatory mechanisms should be developed that also consider the specifics of the judicial system, human rights and the protection of confidential information. Proposals are formulated to establish the responsibility of developers, users and government agencies