SAS Open Journals

Editors, The

A Paper of Denial, 1709

Green, Joseph J.

Notices relating to Friends in "The Gentleman's Magazine," 1731-1761

jfrien60 an& Current
ARTS I. to III. of Vol. I. of the Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 
of East Anglia have been added to the Reference Library by the 
kind presentation of Dr. William Alien Sturge. These contain 
Dr. Sturge's addresses of fascinating interest on " The Chronology of the 
Stone Age " and kindred subjects. Passing briefly over the still unsolved 
Eolithic problem he deals with Palaeolithic and Neolithic implements 
as only an expert can. His observations especially concern patination, 
the change which the surface of a flint has undergone " due to time or 
other causes " excluding " mere staining " and striation or scratching 
by glacial action of flint implements of both Palaeolithic and Neolithic 
periods. He is led to the conclusion that glaciations occurred in each 
of these periods and prior to the coming of Palaeolithic man, and that 
during the glaciation associated with Neolithic man there were " at least 
eight advances and recessions of the ice during the main glacial period/' 
Dividing the Neolithic flints into classes Dr. Sturge shows that the 
scratches differ in number and quality and the patina in depth and in­ 
tensity, marking a gradual decrease of severity of the recurrent glaciations 
that were separated from one another by intervals that must be 
" measured by a unit of ten thousand rather than of a thousand years/' 
These drafts on the Bank of Time carry us back to a period from 200,000 
to 300,000 years ago, before we come to the Cave periods and further back 
still to drift man flourishing from 700,000 to 1,000,000 years ago.
These conclusions tally remarkably with Croll's theory of glaciation 
based on the periods of varying ellipticity of the earth's orbit. The 
examination of the subject was carried thus far in 1909, but further 
investigations have shown that the date of the last glaciation based on 
this theory only is not justified by facts. Traces of minor recurrent 
glaciations are to be found during the later Neolithic period which have 
left their mark on East Anglian flints ending with one that corresponds 
with a glaciation of Sweden 15,000 years ago.
When Dr. Sturge published his paper on " Chronology " his attention 
was called to the work of Major-General Drayson, R.A., sometime 
assistant at Greenwich Observatory and for many years Professor at the 
Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. Drayson " set himself the task " 
of finding formulae for working out problems connected with the move­ 
ments of the earth. He claimed that a wrong centre had been taken 
for the movement of precession by which the poles of the earth's axis 
revolve in the heavens in the course of thousands of years. He main­ 
tained that the pole of the ecliptic is not the centre of this movement 
but a point six degrees from the pole. Drayson worked out the 
precession period at about 31,700 years, his astronomical conclusions 
fitting in with Dr. Sturge's inductive conclusions "as a glove fits a hand," 
the common and " startling result " being this. " Fifteen thousand 
years ago the Arctic Circle was at Durham, and the Tropic of Career at 
Gibraltar," producing a " fight between sub-arctic and sub-tropical
80
FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE Si
conditions " which would be far beyond anything we experience to-day. 
Space prevents our entering upon the intricate detailed explanation 
given by Dr. Sturge in support of these conclusions. Sufficient has 
perhaps been given to awaken a thirst for more knowledge of fascinating 
exploration of the mighty past. If Keith in his " Antiquity of Man," 
ably reviewed by Walter S. Rowntree in the issue of The Friend for 
loth of December, 1915, provides a workable hypothesis for the descent 
of man on an anatomical basis, do not Dr. Sturge's conclusions provide 
us with those vast stretches of time needed to support the hypothesis ? 
Each explorer who helps to clear up the difficulties of an evolution, which 
in some respects we may have accepted blindly, confers a lasting benefit 
on the hungry searcher after the whence, why and whither of human 
history and destiny. ISAAC SHARP.
A book printed for private circulation has been kindly presented to the 
Reference Library by Rt. Hon. Sir Edward Fry, G.C.B., being A Century 
of Greek Epigrams Done into English Verse, by himself, Lady Fry and 
Agnes Fry. In his introduction dated August, 1915, Sir Edward Fry 
compares the Greek epigram to the snap-shot photograph " in its intimacy 
and directness " ; leading us into sympathy with the every day life of 
ancient Greece with its cares and sorrows, its humours, or with its 
" questions on the deeper issues of life."
With Ptolemy the astronomer, contemplating the " mazy-circling 
stars," we may " quit this earth," " to taste ambrosia in the courts of 
God," or from an unknown author learn that he only is holy " whose 
soul is free from sin.'' The glory of Thermopylae and Plataea whose heroes 
" dying, died not,"is brought to our minds, and in imagination we may 
roam through old Mycenae with its " Cyclopean vaults and treasuries of 
gold." Here, as in all times, the pathos of seafaring life and courage of 
the men that commit their fragile barks to the cruel sea, leaving perchance 
their bones to whiten in some lonely spot that " only the sea-bird knows," 
stir the poetic thought. The thoughts of life and death—change and 
decay—lead us " with old Khayyam " to the one certainty that we can 
" not add to life one hour the more." The " cool clear waters " of the 
fountain, the " clustering ivy-leaves," the ripening grain, the " warbler's 
song," " the shrill cicula's cry," " the dewy flowers of gold Persephone " 
speak to us of "Nature's pleasing theme." The "fierce madness " of 
love and its sweetness "when one cloak can shelter lovers twain," the 
power of " winged love " that snaps " the winged thunderbolt " or draws 
with a magnetic force has its place, whilst Art too is represented in the 
Niobe, once changed to stone, but brought to life again under the skilful 
hand of Praxiteles. Over these epigrams a pleasant hour or two, or 
moments now and then taken from the stress of life may brightly and 
usefully be spent. ISAAC SHARP.
French Heroes at the Military Hospital, Arc-en-Barrois, France, by 
Wilson Crewdson, one of the orderlies at the hospital (privately printed 
1916). This i6pp. 4to brochure, well printed and well illustrated, gives 
an account of the work and everyday life of the hospital staff and patients.
Vol. riii.—164.
82 FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE
The pages devoted to " instances of men who a few months since were 
leading very ordinary lives without any expectation of becoming heroes, " 
are full of interest and bring before the reader a picture of suffering 
heroically borne. ______
Houghton Mifflin Company (Boston and New York) announce the 
spring publication of Memorandum Written by William Rotch in the 
Eightieth Year of his Age.
" This quaint manuscript, now for the first time printed, is an 
important contribution to our knowledge of a minor episode of the 
Revolutionary War. William Rotch was a Quaker who at the outbreak 
of the Revolution made a strenuous endeavor to keep the Island of 
Nantucket neutral. This full and picturesque narrative of this affair 
and of his journey later to England and France on a quasi-diplomatic 
mission is of fascinating interest." Limited edition of 450 copies, 400
for sale. Price $3.50. ELLA K. BARNARD." **j +j
Volume 50 of the Friends 9 Quarterly Examiner appears under fresh 
auspices. Ernest E. Taylor, Bannisdale, Malton, Yorks, has assumed 
responsibility in the place of Sir George Newman. This welcome 
Quarterly has passed out of the hands of West, Newman & Co., after being 
a quarter of a century under the care of this firm of printers and 
publishers. ________
•X* " A change of scene is recorded in the diary when on 3rd August 
[1847] Henry [Fawcett] becomes the first pupil at Queen wood College. 
In its previous career this temple of learning had been Harmony Hall, 
built by Robert Owen for his last Socialist experiment. In 1847 it was 
opened as a school by Mr. Edmonson, a Quaker. 2 Special emphasis 
was given to scientific training and English literature. The school seems 
to have been very congenial to Harry and his intellect began to develop 
rapidly/ 1 Life of Henry Fawcett [1833-1884], by Winifred Holt, 1915.
Miss Margaret Ferrier Yourg, of Sandford, Dublin, has an article 
in the Journal of the Arch&ological Society of the County of Kildare, and 
Surrounding Districts, vol. viii. no. 3, Jan. 1916, on " Ballitore and its 
Inhabitants." There are several letters from Mary Leadbeater to the 
Keatingefamily, of Narraghmore and later of Shrewsbury and London, 
1811-1813, also a view of the Shackleton school at Ballitore, and portraits 
of Richard Shackleton (1726-1792) and of William and Mary Leadbeater.
The Westonian, of Second Month, prints two papers read at the 
Centennial Anniversary of Birmingham Monthly Meeting— " Past and
* = not in D.
2 George Edmondson (1798-1863) was "originally, a bookbinder's 
apprentice; master of a boarding school at Broomhall; visited Russia as 
tutor to Daniel Wheeler's children, 1817 ; principal of Queen wood Hall, 
Hants ; added agriculture to the curriculum; an early promoter of the 
College of Preceptors " (D.N.B. Epitome). Prospectuses of his schools 
at Tulketh Hall, near Preston (published Nov. 26th, 1841) and Queen- 
wood College, near Stockbridge, Hants (opened 28 vii. 1847) are in D.
FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE 83
Present," by Isaac Sharpless, " Friends and the Community," by Louella 
P. Hayes. ________
The Annual Monitor for 1916 (Gloucester : Bellows, 5$ by 3f , pp. 
206, is. 6d.), has appeared, prepared by Joseph J. Gill, of Newcastle-on- 
Tyne. There are thirty-five memoirs and nineteen portraits. The 
average age at death rises still — in 1912-13 and in 1913-1914, it was sixty 
five years, in 1914-15 it was sixty-six and a half years. This applies 
to the membership in Great Britain and Ireland.
Several new publications in pamphlet form are to hand from the 
Yorkshire 1905 Committee (Robert Davis, 30, Leadhall Lane, Harrogate), 
including Worship, Witness, and the Need of the World, taken from T. R. 
Glover's Swarthmore Lecture — " The Nature and Purpose of a Christian 
Society " — i£d. post free.
French Nursery Songs is the title of a small collection of pieces 
translated from French by Elizabeth Fox Howard, a London Friend 
(London : Curwen, pp. 50, two shillings).
International Relationships in the Light of Christianity contains the 
lectures given at the Interdenominational Summer School held at 
Swanwick, June — July, 1915 (London : Simpkin, 7^ by 5, pp. 195, half 
a crown net). The Quaker contributors are John W. Graham and J. St. 
George Heath, who write respectively on "Christianity against all War " 
and " Peace and the Education of a Citizen."
The ' Theology and Philosophy ' portion of The Athenaum Subject 
Index to Periodicals, 1915, has been received (London : The Athenaeum, 
Chancery Lane, W.C. ; New York : B. F. Stevens & Brown, 12 by 9^, 
pp. 34, is. 6d. net). It is dated March nth, 1916. There are numerous 
entries under " Friends, Society of," from the " Journal of F.H.S. " 
and other periodicals. ___
Information respecting the family of Bushell of Frodsham, a member 
of which was Edward Bushell (bapt. 1619/20, died 1694), a prominent 
member of the Jury in the noted trial of Penn and Meade in 1672, may 
be found in Transactions Cong. Hist. Soc. vi. 379 (1915).
A Souvenir has been issued of the Jubilee of the Friends' First-day 
School, Oldhara, celebrated last autumn. It is a volume of 48 pages and 
numerous illustrations. There is a foreword by John W. Graham. The 
first portion deals with Oldham Meeting of Friends in the early days, 
and the later with the First-day School. In connection with the celebra­ 
tion there has been a reproduction (measuring 13^ in. by 15 in.) of a map 
of Meetings in the six Northern Counties first published by James Back­ 
house, of Darlington, in 1773. Special prices for remainders may be 
obtained from William Taylor, Hope Villas, Middleton, Lanes.
We have also received a copy of a paper read by William Taylor 
at a conference at Oldham in January, 1916, on Co-operation of Friends' 
Meetings around Manchester, accompanied by a map of Lancashire Q.M. in
1773-


English

Friends and Current Literature

The Cambridge "Journal of George Fox," XI.

The Golden Wedding of Longwood, 1873

an& Current JSiferafure
have to express our regret for a paragraph in connection with 
George H. Braithwaite and The Society of Friends and War, 
which appeared in our last issue. The non-attendance at Meeting 
referred to is stated to arise entirely through mission work carried on by 
G. H. Braithwaite, which precludes attendance at the nearest Meeting, 
where he and his work are well known, whilst his views on war are those 
held by a number of Friends at the present time. We regret the pain 
and annoyance caused by the insertion of the paragraph, and trust that 
this statement will remove any wrong impression conveyed by it.
The Christian Patriot, by Norman M. Thomas, 1917.
44 The Young Friends' Movement of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting" 
has presented to the Reference Library a copy of the third of " The 
William Penn Lectures " under the title of i6 The Christian Patriot," 
by Norman M. Thomas, Pastor of the American Parish, New York City. 
The lecture was delivered on the I2th of Fifth Month last at Fifteenth 
and Race Streets, Philadelphia.
Entering upon " an examination of true Christian patriotism " in the 
lurid light of the present conflict, we see the opposition of the method of 
Jesus to that of the world. We have in effect, says Norman M. Thomas, 
developed and justified the law of the jungle in our law of social life, 
modified it is true to some extent " by law, by custom and by love." In 
our ct practical denial of brotherhood are buried the roots of war," and the 
inevitable result is "an un-Christian civilisation which daily crucifies 
Christ afresh." Whilst recognising the difference between wars for 
liberty and wars of aggression, and admitting the heroism of the battle­ 
field, the lecturer points to the methods of war as inevitably destructive 
of personality in the " supreme worth " of which we believe. Not as an 
" absolute non-resistant " but as a believer in physical force on occasion, 
he looks to the " ultimate hope of the world " in the " awakening in the 
heart of the people everywhere of a passion for democracy and brother­ 
hood." The relation of the State to the individual is a problem that the 
Christian patriot must think out. We are debtors not merely to our 
country, but to humanity which endures whilst " nations are but creatures 
of a day." Regarding Bertrand Russell as " the most stimulating modern 
thinker on this subject " the lecturer frequently quotes from him.
To the Christian patriot, the problem of the protection of the indivi­ 
dual by the State from exploitation is of the utmost importance. Con­ 
scription in America " means the triumph of a false and dangerous idea 
of the State." Whilst struggling to maintain our liberties and safe­ 
guards, what service can we render to mankind ? The Christian cannot 
afford to be called a "slacker." There is a patriotism of "saving life, 
of organising goodwill " called for both in peace and war, and each must
174
FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE 175
find his allotted task. " Let us press forward " dedicating " ourselves to 
truth as God gives us to see the truth." Such is the brief outline of the 
argument. ISAAC SHARP.
Ackworth Games and the Men who made them is a quarto volume 
of eighty pages, richly illustrated, compiled and edited by Samuel 
Atkinson (to be obtained from Editor, 41, King Street, Covent Garden, 
London, W.C.2., price 55.). The frontispiece represents Frederick 
Andrews at the wicket; this can be obtained separately for 
half-a-crown. F. Andrews has completed forty years of headmastership.
From the report of the Associated Committee of Friends on Indian 
Affairs, of which Edward M. Wistar, of Philadelphia, is chairman, and 
Florence Trueblood Steere, of Haverford, is secretary, we learn that 
the work of Rayner W. Kelsey, Ph.D., on Friends and the Indians, is now 
complete and ready for the printer. R. W. K. has been engaged some six 
years in this work, and we have had the privilege of giving some assistance 
in the supply of materials. The book will contain about 300 pages.
Some historical data respecting Friends in Canada have been supplied 
in A History of the Society of Friends of Lobo Township, by Edgar M. 
Zavitz, a paper read at a meeting of the London and Middlesex Historical 
Society (Ont.). The first Monthly Meeting of Friends in Canada was 
established in 1799, Lobo Meeting was organised in 1857, the incomers 
being of the names Harris, Cutler, Marsh and Zavitz.
The Studio, for July I3th, contains an article on " The Paintings of 
Joseph Southall," with several reproductions in colour and black of his 
" tempera " paintings. Our Friend has kindly supplied us with* a des­ 
cription of tempera and fresco work, which will interest our readers :
" TEMPERA 'AND FRESCO.—The Italian word ' tempera ' means 
strictly any medium with which powdered colours are mixed or tempered, 
to make them into paints, but in course of time it became limited to the 
one medium—the yolk of egg—which we now call the tempera vehicle or 
medium.
" Yolk of egg is beaten up and strained through muslin and then 
diluted with an equal bulk of water. It is then ready to be ground up with 
powder colour. A little formalin may be added to preserve the egg— 
say two drops to a yolk. In painting water is used to dilute. Egg yolk 
contains thirty per cent, of oil and is remarkable as uniting oil and water, 
so that when dry it becomes oil paint—the water having evaporated. This 
oil does not thicken and darken as do all the vegetable oils. Hence 
tempera pictures of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries are more 
brilliant than oil pictures of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
" Fresco painting is done on freshly laid plaster each day, piece by 
piece. There is no medium but water, but the lime in the plaster holds 
the colours firmly to the wall. Each piece must be finished in the day.
" JOSEPH SOUTH ALL, Birmingham."
176 FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE
Henry Bryan Binns has brought out a new volume of verses, 
entitled November: Poems in War Time (London : Fifield, 7^ by 5^ 
PP- 96* 3S. net). One piece is headed " The Quaker Women."
The Friends' Quarterly Examiner for Seventh Month is a valuable and 
readable issue. J. J. Green continues his article on Stephen Robson 
(1741-1779) and his botanical work, and L. Violet Hodgkin retells (for 
adults only) the strange seventeenth century story of James Dickinson 
and Jane Fearon, under the title " Seek 'em, Keeper." Other articles 
take us to Russia, Corsica, and Australia and introduce us to matters 
Quakerly, educational and piscatorial.
The Perpetual Prayer Calendar, issued by the Friends' Prayer League, 
can now be obtained in book form (London : Oliphants, 7^ by 5, pp. 152, 
is. net).
* In the Des Moines (Iowa) Register and Leader for April i4th, 1917, 
there is an article on the History of the American Flag, and in the issue 
for May 27 appears " Hoover of Iowa—A World Figure."
* At the tenth annual meeting of the Mississippi Valley Historical 
Society, held at Chicago in April, 1917, the presidential address was made 
by our Friend, Frederic L. Paxson, on The Rise of Sports, 1876-1893.
The series of articles on Noted Quakers and Quakeresses is being 
continued at frequent intervals in The Newcastle Weekly Chronicle. The 
life of Elizabeth Fry is at present under review.
The Earlham College Bulletin (Richmond, Ind.), vol. xiv., no. 3, July 
1917, announces that President Robert Lincoln Kelly has quitted his 
position at the College in order to become executive secretary of the 
Council of Church Boards of Education, united with the Association of 
American Colleges. His address is 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. 
Dr. Kelly's place at Earlham is to be taken by David Morton Edwards, 
President of Penn College. Words of appreciation of the work of the 
retiring President (1903-1917) were spoken at Commencement by Hon. 
William Dudley Foulke, of Richmond—Attorney, Scholar, Statesman and 
Quaker.
Headley Brothers, Publishers, Ltd., of Kings way House, London, 
W.C.a. have issued a catalogue —Kingsway House Announcements for 
Autumn, 1917, and Notes on New Books. Among these interesting 
A nnouncements is that of the series of books for children, including "An 
Admiral's Son and how he founded Pennsylvania," and " The Prisoners* 
Friends." The publications of Kingsway House are supplied by Friends* 
Bookshop, 140, Bishopsgate, London, E.G.2.
• — Not in D.
FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE 177
* Articles from the facile and busy pen of Rufus M. Jones appear from 
time to time in The Independent Methodist (London: 44, Fleet Street,E.C.4 
monthly, one penny).
Lectures by " prominent representatives of eight large Protestant 
Communions " were delivered during the winters of 1914-15 and 1915-16 
at King's Chapel, Boston, Mass. These have now been published under 
the general title, The Religious History of New England (Cambridge, 
Mass: Harvard University Press; London: Oxford University 
Press, 9^ by 6J, pp. 356, $2.50 net. May be obtained from Friends' 
Bookshop, London). The eight bodies are Congregationalists, Unitarians, 
Baptists, Quakers, Episcopalians, Methodists, Universalists and Sweden- 
borgians. A Lecturer on Roman Catholicism could not be obtained. 
The Quaker portion—twenty-three pages—has been done by Rufus M. 
Jones. It is a valuable recital of some of the principles of Quakerism, 
but quite disappointing in relation to the other lectures, seeing that there 
is no attempt to pourtray the history of the Society in New England.
The eighth annual Report of the Japan Book and Tract Society for 1916 
is to hand. Our Friend, George Braithwaite, is agent, secretary and 
manager, and his address is 3 Yuraku Cho Nichome, Kojimachi, Tokyo.
A new edition, the third, of A History of Jordans, by Anna L. 
Littleboy, has recently appeared (London: Friends' Bookshop, 140, 
Bishopsgate, price sixpence, seven illustrations and a route-map).
With the assistance of a trust fund, the Library Committee has 
purchased from the owners of The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and 
Biography, per Dr. Jordan of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 
a file of this valuable historical record. The forty published volumes 
await safe transportation across the Atlantic, but the four issues of the 
current year have arrived. The special interest to Friends in these is the 
44 Journal of Samuel Rowland Fisher" (1745-1834), of Philadelphia, in 
prison in that city 1779-1781, during the disturbed times of the 
Revolution, for alleged communication with the British. (Published 
quarterly, for sale at 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, 75 cts. per number 
or $3.00 per year.)
Light on the Future, being Extracts from the Note Book of a Member 
of the Society for Psychical Research, Dublin. These spirit-communica­ 
tions, obtained first by table tiltings and later by the Ouija or alphabet 
board, were collected by our Friend, Thomas Henry Webb, of Dublin.
E.H.E. " There is worship here for those that love to worship/*
Q.—4 * Would that suit old-fashioned Quakers ? "
E.H.E. " Quakers are not old-fashioned when they come here, 
because they bring with them their pure, beautiful thoughts. That [their 
formalism] all drops from them and the good remains."
Man's Struggle for Freedom, or, The Slave in History (London : 
Religious Tract Society, 8 by 5, pp. 380, 2s. 6d. net) is an admirable
Vol. xiv.—183.
178 FRIENDS AND CURRENT LITERATURE
publication, got up in very attractive style. It is a reprint—having been 
first published under the second title. There is a chapter on 
Woolman and another, entitled, " The Quakers' Protest."
# Mrs. Humphry Ward has a sympathetic reference to Friends' War 
Victims work in her Towards the Goal (London : Murray, 7$ by 5, pp. xvi. 
-f- 246, 2s. 6d. net).
Benjamin F. Trueblood, Prophet of Peace, 1847-1916, is a brief record 
of the life of the Quaker secretary of the American Peace Society (New 
York : Friends' Book and Tract Committee^.
L'Eclair eur de la Mission, the organ of the Friends' War Victims 
work in France, is received in D. and can be seen by any interested in 
reconstruction by Quaker hands.
Our Friend, Thomas Parsons Cooper, of York, has again placed the 
antiquarian world under obligation by another volume of local history— 
Literary Associations of the City of York. Some Shrines, Haunts and 
Memories (York : Gazette Co., 10 by 6£, pp. 32, nineteen illustrations, 
price one shilling). The attention of the Friendly reader will be specially 
drawn to the view of the old Burial Ground where the remains of John 
Woolman (1720-1772) were laid to rest and those of other well-known 
Friends. There are notices also of Lindley Murray (1745-1826), John 
S. Rowntree (1834-1907), Lord Mayor in 1888, Henry Tuke (1755-1814), 
and William Alexander (1768-1841), the bookseller, publisher and author, 
and also reference to Robert Spence ( -1824) and Alderman Thomas 
Wilson, who were members of a well-known firm of printers and publishers, 
the names appearing on the title pages of the educational works of 
Lindley Murray.
The volume referred to on a previous page is now out—The Prisoners 9 
Friends, by Constance Wakeford, (London: Headley, 7^ by 5, pp. 154, 
with twelve illustrations by George Soper, half-a-crown net). This 
contains the stories of John Howard (1726-1700), Sarah Martin 
( -1843), of Yarmouth, in Norfolk, and Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845), 
pleasantly and simply told, and closes with " The Story of a Book " 
(Charles Reade's " It's Never too late to Mend ") and an account of 
" The Little Commonwealth "of boys and girls in Dorsetshire.
tc I Appeal unto Casar," by Mrs. Henry Hobhouse (London : Alien 
and Unwin, 7^ by 4!, pp. xxii. -f 86, price one shilling). This book 
presents the case of the Conscientious Objector, and contains the record 
of the imprisonment of the following Friends—Maurice L. Rowntree, 
Stephen Hobhouse (son of the Compiler), George A. Sutherland, T. Corder 
Catchpool, Oswald Clark, Douglas R. Bishop, Eric P. Southall, Malcolm 
Sparkes, Hubert W. Peet and Roderic K. Clark.


NOTES AND QUERIES
Birth, Marriage, and Death - Ritual, Religion, and the Life-Cycle in Tudor 
and Stuart England. By David Cressy. Oxford University Press, 1997.
This wide-ranging volume, with main sections on birth, baptism, churching, 
courtship, marriage, and death, has many references to events in various counties 
gleaned from evidence in the local records preserved in many shires and dioceses. 
Disarmingly, the author states: This study has taken many more years to 
complete than I originally envisioned'.
For Friends, there are more than a score of references. Quakers did not present 
children for baptism, and did not church women after childbirth. In the matter of 
marriage: 'Quakers in particular reverted to the medieval practice of 
unsolemnized matrimony by common consent7 (p. 332). The author also quotes 
(from Ralph Thoresby's Diary) Grace Sykes's warning at a marriage feast, 'that 
Satan might not get advantage by our carnal mirth'. The author has sought out 
Guildhall Library manuscripts on burial grounds, and notes Oliver Heywood's 
remark by a Yorkshire clergyman that he (the parish minister) had not persecuted 
the Quakers, but prosecuted them 'out of principles of conscience, for I cannot 
endure that Christian people should be buried like a dog'.
Russell S. Mortimer
Sir Henry Vane, theologian - A study in seventeenth century religious and 
political discourse. By David Parnham. Madison: Farleigh Dickinson 
University Press - London: Associated University Presses, 1997.
This study of Sir Henry Vane the younger, the fruits of a doctoral dissertation, 
is of the republican politician, statesman and apologist for liberty of conscience, 
who appears fleetingly in early Quaker history. The book is furnished with an 
impressive array of notes showing extensive use of 17th-century and modern 
works dealing with, among other topics, Quaker biblical knowledge, theology and 
history. Commendably, the author has eschewed the snare of tinkering with his 
sources, and has in quotations 'retained original spelling, punctuation, 
capitalization, and italicization'.
Russell S. Mortimer
The three following baptism entries concerning Quakers in the parish register of 
Ainderby Steeple, West Yorkshire, have been brought to light by Mr. John 
Smurthwaite of the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.
1759 John Appleton a Quaker of Warlaby Baptiz'd October the 24th 
1794 George Flower of Thrintoft a Quaker was Baptiz'd June the 27th Thomas 
Flower of Thrintoft a Quaker was Baptiz'd June the 27th
NOTES AND QUERIES 85
Friends in the parish probably belonged to Northallerton Meeting in Thirsk 
Monthly Meeting.
Thrintoft or Thruntoft, and Warlaby, places in the parish of Ainderby Steeple 
were in the wapentake of Gilling East, North Riding of Yorkshire.
John Apple ton, baptised 24 October 1759, was probably the John, bom 1 
x[December] 1736, son of John Appleton of Northallerton who married Martha 
Emmott of Farfield Meeting in 1733. The register entry for the marriage is 
incomplete, but the monthly meetings7 minutes for Knaresborough and Thirsk 
provide corroborative evidence for the marriage having taken place. John 
Appleton (Northallerton Meeting) - perhaps the father - was disowned for 
"drunkeness", 23 xii 1741 [February 1742], by Thirsk Monthly Meeting [Brotherton 
Library, Clifford Street Archives, A 19.1, p.4]. This disownment may explain the 
absence of any surviving minute in the monthly meeting book when John, the son, 
went to church to be baptised - a ceremony which would have been omitted when 
he was born a Quaker in 1736.
The Ainderby Steeple marriage register has been consulted by John 
Smurthwaite, and it records:
1760 John Appleton and Dorothy Grindal of Warlaby married by banns 
Oct. the 24th.
Mr. Smurthwaite says that the banns register dates the marriage as 1759 (which 
is likely to be the correct year), and names Dorothy Grundy as the bride. The 
burial of one John Appleton of Warlaby, 2 March 1774, is in the burials register for 
the parish.
Entries for George and Thomas Flower, baptised 27 June 1794, poses a problem. 
Thirsk MM minutes for the period [Clifford Street Archives, F 3.5, pp. 381-2] 
provides entries for 14 ix and 19 x 1792 which show that Elizabeth Flower of "near 
Allerton", daughter of the late Thomas Flower of Thruntoft, was absenting herself 
from Friends' meetings, and attending the national worship. Friends decided to 
regard her as not in membership with her.
Two months later, in December 1792, George Flower of Allerton Meeting was 
visited for non-attendance, and report came back that there "seems but little hope 
of his attending our Meetings better in future" [F 3.5, pp. 386, 390; 13 xii 1792,14 
ii 1793]. Worse was to come. In September 1793 Thirk MM minuted:
'This Meeting being informed of some disreputable Conduct of George 
Flower [three named Friends] are appointed to visit him, and give account 
to our next'. [F 3.6, p.6; 13 ix 1793].
The Friends appointed represented that they had
'an Opportunity with George Flower, and Some part of his Misconduct as 
fighting with a person, he Acknowledged/
The minute continued,
'His Conduct and Non attendance of Meetings have been for alongtime 
disatisfactory to Friends7,
86 NOTES AND QUERIES
a testimony of disownment was requested to be drawn up. [F 3.6, p.8; 14 xi 
1793].
The testimony, disowning George Flower of Thruntoff as a member of the 
Society, for non-attendance, keeping unprofitable company, taking too much 
liquor, and fighting, was signed, read to him and read in Thirsk Meeting. [F 3.6, 
pp. 11,13; 12 xii 1793,16 i 1794].
Evidence is to seek to find whether Elizabeth, George and Thomas were of the 
same family; it is possible. John Smurthwaite has drawn attention to an early 
nineteenth-century Flower family memorial stone in Ainderby Steeple churchyard 
on which all three Christian names appear. A note in this journal (Jnl. F.H.S. vol. 
56, no. 1, 1990, pp. 66-68) drew attention to some imperfections in the Thirsk 
records, and this may account for the insufficient evidence available now in these cases.
Russell S. Mortimer
A SQUIRED OPINION IN 1662
The pyramid and the urn: the life in letters of a Restoration squire: William Lawrence of 
Shurdington, 1636-1697. Edited and illustrated by lona Sinclair. (Allan Sutton, 
Stroud, 1994).
In a letter dated Aug. 29,1662, written to Isaac Lawrence,
the author prophesies doom:
'the Quaker and all the petty prophets begin to foresee their fall, and the whole 
crew of new lights which have thus long rambled about the lower region and 
misled many, are themselves lost; their opinions, like thin exhalations, being 
too slight and empty to bum long/
PEACE MOVEMENTS IN WALES, 1899-1945
A substantial chapter with the above title appears, with other studies, in Kenneth 
O. Morgan's Modern Wales: politics, places and people (Cardiff, University of Wales 
Press, 1995).
'QUERIES FOR THE SELF EXAMINATION OF A TUTOR': EDUCATION IN A 
BYE-GONE AGE.
Preserved among the various collections housed in the National Library of Wales 
there is a miscellaneous volume of Quaker writings and social commentaries. 1 
Within this volume is a transcript of an early Quaker manuscript entitled 'Queries 
for the Self Examination of a Tutor' which considered the deportment and 
teaching techniques of a schoolteacher. As the debate on educational standards 
continues to be at the heart of modern politics it is perhaps fitting that this pre- 
Dearing study of teaching methodology should be brought to a wider audience.2
Queries for the Self Examination of a Tutor
1st Am I particularly careful of my deportment and Expressions when in the 
presence of the youth not only in my school but at all other times & places?
NOTES AND QUERIES 87
2nd Do I endeavour at suitable seasons according to my measure to impress on 
the minds of children a just sense of the awfulness of divine worship and to be 
exemplary therein myself?
3rd Am I watchful over my own spirit and temper and careful to maintain a 
labour for solemnity in our school?
4th Am I concerned to distinguish judiciously when chastisement is really 
necessary, and to administer it coolly and prudently rather with a grieved than an 
angry countenance; desiring to punish rather by conviction than correction; 
agreeably with the gracious dealings of the great master with myself and mankind 
in general?
5th Do I embrace every suitable opportunity of inculcating the great doctrine of 
the sacred internal Principle as the primary rule of Faith & Practice and of the 
authority & verity of the Holy Scriptures, in subordination thereunto, with 
Gratitude to our bountiful Benefactor, Benevolence to all the human race and 
Tenderness toward every animal?
6th Do I oftener than in the morning breathe after the renovation of that 
wisdom that is profitable to direct not only in my steppings in and out before those 
over whom I am placed on accountable shepherd but in all my concerns through 
life in my Pilgrimage towards the Haven of rest and peace at last.
Richard Alien, Newport, Wales
1 National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. MS. 6415E.
2 Ibid., 243-4.
ANNOUNCEMENTS
HAVERFORD COLLEGE FELLOWSHIPS
The Quaker Collection of Haverford College announces the availability of three 
$1500 Gest Fellowships for one month of research using Quaker Collection 
materials to study a topic that explores the connections and relationships between 
various ways of expressing religious beliefs in the world. The fellowships, which 
are available for pre- or post-graduate study, may be used for any one month 
period between July 1,1998 and January 29,1999. Application deadline February 
2, 1998. Contact: Ann W. Upton, Quaker Collection, Haverford College, 
Haverford, PA 19041. 610/896-1161, fax: 610/896-1102.
CONFERENCE OF QUAKER HISTORIANS AND ARCHIVISTS, 1998
Proposals for papers on any aspect of Quaker history are invited for the twelfth 
biennial meeting of the Conference of Quaker Historians and Archivists. The 
meeting will be held at the Stony Run Meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, June 19- 
21,1998. Send a one-page abstract to John W. Oliver, History Department, Malone 
College, Canton, OH 44709. Deadline is December 31,1997.


Notes and Queries

CONTENTS
Page
1 Tensions in the Religious Society of Friends in England in the
nineteenth century. Mollie Grubb.
15 The Quaker International Centre in Berlin, 1920-1942. J.
Roger Carter.
32 'Stands Scotland where it did': Some thoughts on Quakers in
Scotland during the last half century. William R. Aitken.
48 Recent Publications. 
62 Notes and Queries.
FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY
President 1990 Hope Hewison
1991 Neville H. Newhotise
1992 Edward H. Milligan
Clerk: Howard F. Gregg 
Treasurer: Jon E. North
Editor of the Gerald AJ. Hodgett 
Journal:
Annual Membership Subscriptions due 1st January (Personal) £4 US 
(U.K. Institutional) £6 (Overseas Institutions) US $15. Subscriptions 
should be paid to the Treasurer and Membership Secretary, FHS, 32 
Bolehill Road, Bolehill, Wirksworth, Derbyshire, DE4 4GQ. Orders 
for single issues and back numbers should be sent to FHS c/o The 
Library, Friends House, Euston Road, London NW1 2BJ


A. R. Barclay MSS. CXXXII to CXL

Brink, Andrew and helen

Ellwood's Davideis: a newly discovered version?
THOMAS ELLWOOD (1639-1713) owes his place in English literary history to his autobiography and to his 
friendships with John Milton and Edmund Waller, not 
to his own achievements as a poet, though for some of his 
contemporaries, Quakers in particular, these must have 
seemed considerable. But the judgment of one of them, 
Mary Tyndall, that "he hath mistaken his vocation as a poet", 
has proved true; 1 he lacked poetic genius, and the passing of 
time has brought the almost total disappearance of his verse 
from publication. A final, and it was believed, definitive edi­ 
tion of Ellwood's Davideis (1712), a life of David King of 
Israel, was made by Walther Fischer in 1936.* Fischer saw in 
the poem "... a contribution towards the development of the 
psychological and sentimental narrative in English litera­ 
ture." If that is so, the contribution was slight, and it is not 
surprising that the poem has again fallen from scholarly 
notice. Nevertheless, Ellwood's importance in the early 
history of Quakerism makes any new information bearing on 
his writing welcome.
Following his death in 1713 there was some criticism in 
Quaker circles of the theology and morality of the Davideis, 
despite the fact that Ellwood had intended it as an alterna­ 
tive to licentious post-Restoration reading and as an edifica­ 
tion for the young. Richard Claridge (1649-1723) who had 
been at Oxford before becoming a Friend, requested per­ 
mission from the Morning Meeting to prepare a revision. This 
was granted, but the matter appears to have been dropped 
since there is no further mention of it in the Morning Meeting 
minutes and no MSS which are conclusively Claridge's have 
been identified. At the same time, Claridge's proposal is the 
only historical clue to the origin of some MSS which have 
recently been discovered.
Several months ago two volumes containing three MSS of 
a poem entitled Davideis were lent to the Friends' Reference
1 Diary of Mary Tyndall, ed. Ellen Marriage 1876, p. 92.
1 Thomas Ellwood's Davideis, A Reprint of the First Edition of 1712 
with various readings of later editions, edited with an introduction and notes 
by Walther Fischer, Ph.D. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitatsbuch- 
handlung, 1936.
32 ELLWOOD'S DAVIDEIS: A NEWLY DISCOVERED VERSION?
Library by Mr. Ewart Steevens of High Wycombe. These 
came to him from his grandfather, Joseph Steevens and an 
aunt. The Steevens family had been members of the Society 
of Friends from the seventeenth century until the latter part 
of the last century and Jeremiah Steevens was a friend of 
both Ellwood and Isaac Penington. From these facts, it is 
natural to expect some correspondence between the MSS and 
Ellwood's poem.
All three MSS are in the same hand which, on comparison, 
does not seem to be that of either Ellwood or Claridge. Rather 
it seems to be a later, more flowery style differing in the for­ 
mation of the letters from that of the seventeenth and early 
eighteenth centuries. On the other hand, it is probably 
about contemporary with some poems at the end of the first 
volume, immediately after the second Davideis, which are 
copied from Martin's Magazine1 for March 1758, April 1758 
and August 1758, dated as such, using the name for the 
month rather than the figure.
The Davideis written on pages cut from the front of one 
volume appears to have been the first written and must 
be a fair copy taken from a rough draft. It is the shortest of 
the three and has few corrections. In the same volume, on 
the pages still attached to the binding, appears a version 
much enlarged and corrected from the first, but definitely 
the same poem. In the second volume is the fair copy of the 
latter, with only minor textual corrections.
On comparison with Ellwood's Davideis, the MSS, unlike 
the interleaved revision made by John Fry (1701-1775),2 
appears at first sight to be a quite independent poem written, 
however, using the same source which was the King James 
Version of the Bible. On closer examination correspondences 
appear which differ from the Biblical text and are unlikely 
to have occurred without the author of the MSS having a 
thorough knowledge of Ellwood's poem. In several places
1 "The General Magazine of Arts and Sciences, Philosophical, Philo­ 
logical, Mathematical and Mechanical", published in London from 1755 to 
1765, in 14 volumes.
* John Fry, who was a prominent Wiltshire Friend and three times 
Clerk of London Yearly Meeting, added to the complicated history of the 
Davideis by making important textual changes which he hoped would 
improve the poem's religious appeal. This revision, (thoroughly documented 
by Walther Fischer) was written into an interleaved i7ia-printed copy 
of the poem, now preserved in the Library at Friends House; a facsimile 
of p. 119 is reproduced in Walther Fischer's book.
ELLWOOD'S D AVI DEIS : A NEWLY DISCOVERED VERSION? 33
words and phrases are identical. For example, with reference 
to the parting of David and Jonathan, Ellwood says, "With 
Eyes cast back while either was in View" and the first MS, 
"And oft look'd back while either was in View". It may there­ 
fore be right to regard the MSS as a revision of Ellwood's 
poem, and not an original work.
Ellwood's style has a bold directness which is frequently 
pleasing in its economy of words but many times he had to 
try hard to complete the rhyme or metre as in, "Did good old 
Jesse the good Tydings hear". The author of the MSS did not 
improve on him very much in this latter respect but he added 
a good many frilly "literary" words and expressions. He did, 
however, feel free to break the slightly monotonous couplets 
with an occasional triplet, a thing which Ellwood seldom if 
ever did in his poem.
In his edition of Ellwood's Davideis, Walther Fischer 
mentions the possibility of the poet having used Cowley's 
poem of the same title (1656), but was convinced that, as 
Ellwood himself asserts, he had only a very slight knowledge 
of the earlier work at the time of writing. Cowley's treatment 
of the David story has quite a different character from that of 
the MSS with the possible exception of the first lines of each. 
Cowley begins, "I Sing the Man who Judah's Scepter bore" 
and the MSS, "I Sing the Man sprung from ye humble Plains", 
but the use of this epic device does not signify borrowing.
Since there was some discussion in the Society of Friends 
as to the orthodoxy and morality of certain passages in 
Ellwood's Davideis, more than one person may have under­ 
taken a revision. However, unless the points are very subtle 
the theology of the MSS seems not much changed and the 
shifts in emphasis are not in keeping with the testimonies and 
strict morality of eighteenth century Quakerism, being 
elaborations of such episodes as the bloody battles and 
David's illicit love affair. Certainly the poem is longer and 
more detailed than Ellwood's and it does not show the 
"amendments or obliterations" called for by the Morning 
Meeting of 2nd December, 1713. The identity of the MSS 
remain unknown; possibly they are not Quaker documents 
at all, but the probability is that they are, and, on this 
assumption, what the author of the MSS did to Ellwood's 
poem has some bearing on the eighteenth-century Quaker 
view of the arts. ANDREW AND HELEN BRINK
Vol. 49—419


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A Paper of Denial, 1709

Notices relating to Friends in "The Gentleman's Magazine," 1731-1761

Friends and Current Literature

The Cambridge "Journal of George Fox," XI.

The Golden Wedding of Longwood, 1873

Friends and Current Literature

Notes and Queries

Contents

A. R. Barclay MSS. CXXXII to CXL

Ellwood's Davideis: a newly discovered version?

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