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    3401 research outputs found

    Medikamentenadhärenz von Patient*innen mit systemischer Sklerose

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    Integration von Mensch und Künstlicher Intelligenz bei diagnostischen Aufgaben : Automatisierungsbezogene User Experience & Interaktion in Erklärbarer KI

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    Diese Dissertation untersucht die Integration von Menschen und künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in diagnostische Aufgaben, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Benutzererfahrung und der Interaktion in erklärbaren KI-Systemen (XAI) liegt. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Forschung steht die Entwicklung des Konzepts der subjektiven Informationsverarbeitungswahrnehmung (SIPA), das sich mit der Benutzererfahrung bei der automatisierten Informationsverarbeitung befasst. Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der zunehmenden Abhängigkeit von KI bei der Automatisierung der Informationsverarbeitung in kritischen Bereichen wie dem Gesundheitswesen, wo Transparenz und menschliche Aufsicht durch erklärbare Systeme ermöglicht werden können. Auf der Grundlage von Theorien zur Mensch-Automation-Interaktion entwickelt und validiert diese Forschung ein Modell der integrierten Mensch-KI-Informationsverarbeitung. Vier empirische Studien untersuchen die automatisierungsbezogene Benutzererfahrung in verschiedenen Kontexten: digitale Kontaktverfolgung, automatisierte Insulinabgabe, KI-gestützte Mustererkennung und KI-basierte Diagnostik. Die Ergebnisse heben die psychologischen Auswirkungen von KI-Erklärungen auf Vertrauen, Situationsbewusstsein und Entscheidungsfindung hervor. Auf der Grundlage empirischer Erkenntnisse diskutiert diese Dissertation das Konzept der Diagnostizität als zentrale Messgröße für eine erfolgreiche Mensch-KI-Integration und schlägt einen Rahmen für die Gestaltung von XAI-Systemen vor, die die Benutzererfahrung durch Anpassung an die menschliche Informationsverarbeitung verbessern. Die Dissertation schließt mit praktischen Leitlinien für die Entwicklung menschenzentrierter KI-Systeme, wobei die Bedeutung von SIPA, Benutzerbewusstsein, Systemtransparenz und der Aufrechterhaltung der menschlichen Kontrolle in automatisierten Diagnoseprozessen hervorgehoben wird.This dissertation investigates the integration of humans and artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic tasks, focusing on user experience and interaction in explainable AI (XAI) systems. Central to this research is the development of the Subjective Information Processing Awareness (SIPA) concept, which deal with user experience in automated information processing. The work addresses the increasing reliance on AI for automating information processing in critical domains such as healthcare, where transparency and human oversight may be enabled through explainable systems. Drawing on theories of human-automation interaction, this research develops and validates a model of integrated human-AI information processing. Four empirical studies explore automation-related user experience in different contexts: digital contact tracing, automated insulin delivery, AI-supported pattern recognition, and AI-based diagnosis. The findings highlight the psychological impacts of AI explanations on trust, situation awareness, and decision-making. Based on empirical findings, this dissertation discusses the concept of diagnosticity as a central metric for successful human-AI integration and proposes a framework for designing XAI systems that enhance user experience by aligning with human information processing. The dissertation concludes with practical guidelines for developing human-centered AI systems, emphasizing the importance of SIPA, user awareness, system transparency, and maintaining human control in automated diagnostic processes

    Advanced sensor fusion methods with applications to localization and navigation

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    We use sensors to track how many steps we take during the day or how well we sleep. Sensor fusion methods are used to draw these conclusions. A particularly difficult application is indoor localization, i.e. finding a person’s position within a building. This is mainly due to the many degrees of freedom of human movement and the physical properties of sensors inside buildings. Suitable approaches for sensor fusion for the purpose of self-localization using a smartphone are the subject of this thesis. To best address the complexity of this problem, a non-linear and non-Gaussian distributed state space must be assumed. For the required position estimation, we therefore focus on the class of particle filters and build a novel generic filter framework on top of it. The special feature of this framework is the modular approach and the low requirements towards the sensor and movement models. In this work, we investigate models for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth RSSI measurements using radio propagation models, the relatively new standard Wi-Fi FTM, which is explicitly designed for localization purposes, the barometer to determine floor changes as accurately as possible, and activity recognition to find out what the pedestrian is doing, e.g., ascending stairs. The human motion is then modeled in a movement model using IMU data. Here we propose two approaches: a regular tessellated grid graph and an irregular tessellated navigation mesh. From these we formulate our proposal for an indoor localization system (ILS). However, some fundamental problems of the particle filter lead to critical errors. These can be a multi- modal density to be estimated, unbalanced sensor models or the so-called sample impoverish- ment. Compensation, or in the best case elimination, of these errors by advanced sensor fusion methods is the main contribution of this thesis. The most important approach in this context is our adaptation of an interacting multiple modal particle filter (IMMPF) to the requirements of indoor localization. This results in a completely new approach to the formulation of an ILS. Using quality metrics, it is possible to dynamically switch between arbitrarily formulated par- ticle filters running in parallel. Furthermore, we explicitly propose several approaches from the field of particle distribution optimization (PDO) to avoid the sample impoverishment problem. In particular, the support filter approach (SFA), which is also based on the IMMPF principle, leads to excellent position estimates even under the most difficult conditions, as extensive ex- periments show

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