Revistas UDEA (Universidad de Antioquia)
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RESUMEN BIBLIOGRAFICO
No full textModern technological advances and the progress of science continually provide increasingly adequate and effective means for the control, prevention and treatment of diseases. Despite the considerable progress achieved in the control of communicable diseases, this group of ailments continue to constitute public health problems, because they are also accompanied by serious operational, cultural, economic and social difficulties that make progress in this field difficult and arduous.The close relationship between the strong desire to prevent and control high-incidence diseases on the one hand, and the lack of knowledge of the dynamic process involved in the spread of infection on the other. The lack of epidemiological surveillance services seems to be the main source of error that prevents timely knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of diseases.Como el subtítulo lo indica se trata de una introducción a la antropología siquiátrica. El texto escrito en una forma sencilla y a veces casi superficial, desarrolla algunas aproximaciones al concepto de normalidad en el plano del comportamiento sicológico y social. Plantea las variaciones de este concepto en el desarrollo y evolución de una misma sociedad, entre sociedades en un mismo momento y dentro de una sociedad según diversos factores como: sexo, edad, tipo de ocupación, medio ecológico, la religión, la familia, etc..Es este un libro de gran importancia no sólo a nivel de la filosofía del derecho sino en el campo de la administración tratada casi siempre en forma tan superficial y pragmática.Este importante libro, resultado del trabajo de los Comités de Salud, formados en Francia a raíz del movimiento político de 1968, es un testimonio muy interesante de como, un movimiento social y político, puede arrojar una gran claridad científica sobre una serie de aspectos de los que tradicionalmente no se tenía ningún cuestionamiento
ANTIGENO SUPERFICIAL DE LA HEPATITIS B (AgsHB) EN LOS INDIOS CUNAS DE CAIMAN NUEVO - TURBO, ANTIOQUIA: INFORME PRELIMINAR
No full textAfter its discovery (1) and the demonstration that it is associated with post-transfusion hepatitis B (2,3), the hepatitis B surface antigen (Ags HB) is used as a marker of infection by the B virus, and the antibodies it stimulates, as an index of its circulation in human populations.The epidemiological pattern of viral hepatitis B has been and is extensively studied through its behavior and distribution in different populations (4,5), being variable the results obtained in indigenous populations of America (5,6).In Colombia, the prevalence of Ags HB, its subtypes and antibodies in indigenous populations has not been studied, so the authors decided to initiate these studies in the tribal community of the Cunas, descendants of the Caribe race, who live in the northern region of the Department of Antioquia. This is a preliminary report of the results of these studies.Después de su descubrimiento (1) y la demostración de que se asocia con hepatitis postransfusional de tipo B (2,3), el antígeno superficial de la hepatitis B (Ags HB) es usado como marcador de la infección por el virus B, y los anticuerpos que estimula, como índice de su circulación en poblaciones humanas.El patrón epidemiológico de la Hepatitis viral B, ha sido y es estudiado extensamente a través de su comportamiento y distribución en diferentes poblaciones (4,5), siendo variables los resultados obtenidos en poblaciones indígenas de América (5,6).En Colombia, no se ha estudiado la prevalencia del Ags HB, sus subtipos y anticuerpos en las poblaciones indígenas, por lo cual los autores, resolvieron iniciar estos estudios, en la comunidad tribal de los Cunas, descendientes de la raza Caribe, que habita en la región Norte del Departamento de Antioquia. El presente, es un informe preliminar del resultado de estos estudios
VARIACIONES DEL AUSENTISMO AL TRABAJO DURANTE LOS MESES DE SEPTIEMBRE Y OCTUBRE DE 1976 EN RELACION CON EL RESTO DEL AÑO.
No full textThis part of the study focuses on a totally different topic than the one dealt with in Part I. In that part, the ultimate interest was oriented to the search for knowledge in relation to the behavioral factors that influence the health phenomenon; in addition, it aimed at exploring the opinion, ideas, attitudes and desires held by the user of ICSS health care services. The purpose in the first part is to offer, based on the knowledge derived from the research, better illustration to the process of health policy formation, with the hope of increasing its effect on the health of Colombians.
Esta parte del estudio enfoca un tema totalmente diferente al tratado en la Parte I. En aquella el interés último se orientó a la búsqueda de conocimientos en relación con los factores de comportamiento que influyen en el fenómeno de la salud; además, apuntó a explorar la opinión, ideas, actitudes y deseos que tiene el usuario de servicios de atención médica del ICSS. El propósito en la primera parte es ofrecer, con base en el conocimiento derivado de la investigación mejor ilustración al proceso de formación de políticas de salud, con la esperanza de incrementar así su efecto sobre la salud de los colombianos
ENCUESTA DE PREVALENCIA DE BRIDA ACROMIO HUMERAL EN EL BARRIO ANTIOQUIA DE LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLIN DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA
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1. A survey of prevalence of AHF was conducted in a neighborhood in the city of Medellín. A total of 12,287 people of all ages were examined, corresponding to 85% of the total universe.2. A prevalence rate of 27.4 x 10-3 was found in children under 15 years of age.3. The rate was higher in males 31.2 x 10-3 than in females 23.5 x 10-3 although the difference was not statistically significant.4. From surveys made in schools in different municipalities of the Department of Antioquia it is known that the disease exists in the whole Department, although the rates cannot be comparable since while in Barrio5. Antioquia 85% of the universe studied was examined, in the municipalities only 4 classes of each boys' school were examined.6. The most affected age groups were 5-9 years old and 10-14 years old in both sexes.The hypothesis of a parenteral treatment that could be the causal factor of the entity, which given its distribution according to place, age and sex, could correspond to a vaccine, is elaborated.1. Se realizó una encuesta de prevalencia de la BAH en un barrio de la ciudad de Medellín. Se examinaron 12.287 personas de todas las edades, correspondiente al 85% del universo total.2. Se encontró una tasa de prevalencia en menores de 15 años de 27.4 x 10-3.3. La tasa fue mayor en hombres 31.2 x 10-3 que en mujeres 23.5 x 10-3 Aunque la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa.4. Por encuestas hechas en las escuelas de diferentes municipios del Departamento de Antioquia se sabe que la enfermedad existe en todo el Departamento, aunque las tasas no pueden ser comparables ya que mientras en el Barrio
5. Antioquia se examinó el 85% del universo estudiado, en los municipios sólo se examinaron 4 cursos de cada escuela de varones.6. Los grupos de edad más afectados fueron el de 5-9 años y el de 10-14 años en ambos sexos.Se elabora la hipótesis de un tratamiento parenteral que podría ser el factor causal de la entidad, que dada su distribución según lugar, edad y sexo podría corresponder a una vacuna
SEGURIDAD SOCIAL: CONCEPTO Y EVOLUCION HISTORICA
No full textEvery person has needs that must be met in the best possible way: to survive, grow and reproduce in human conditions, he must provide food, clothing, housing, health, etc.. As part of a social group, his relationships with others create new needs, such as education, recreation, religion, and the arts. In addition, everyone has aspirations that are essentially variable and constitute the incentive for progress, not only of individuals, but also of groups and communities: Needs and aspirations persist throughout existence, although they change according to the phases of life and according to groups and communities.Needs and aspirations are satisfied through what are called goods and services, i.e. material things such as housing, clothing, food, or services such as health, education, recreation, etc...Toda persona tiene necesidades a las cuales debe atender en la mejor forma posible: Para sobrevivir, crecer y reproducirse en condiciones humanas debe procurarse alimentación, vestido, vivienda, salud, etc.. Como parte de un conjunto social, sus relaciones con los demás le crean nuevas necesidades, tales como la educación, la recreación, la religión, las artes. Además, cada cual tiene aspiraciones que son esencialmente variables y constituyen el aliciente de progreso, no sólo de los individuos, sino de los grupos y de las comunidades: Las necesidades y las aspiraciones persisten durante toda la existencia, aunque cambian según las fases de la vida y según los grupos y las comunidades.Las necesidades y las aspiraciones se satisfacen mediante lo que se denomina bienes y servicios, es decir, cosas materiales como la habitación, el traje, los alimentos, o servicios como los de salud, educación, recreación, etc..
COMPORTAMIENTO DE LOS MICROORGANISMOS EN QUESOS Y QUESITOS CRUDOS Y PASTEURIZADOS CON VARIACIONES EN TEMPERATURA Y TIEMPO DE ANALISIS
No full textIn this research, the behavior of microorganisms in raw and pasteurized cheeses with variations in temperature and time of analysis was studied.A total of 40 samples were analyzed and classified into 4 groups:-Raw cheeses-Raw cheeses-Pasteurized cheeses - Pasteurized cheeses.Each sample underwent a microbiological and physicochemical analysis. The bacteriological analysis included: Total bacterial count per gram, Coliform count per gram, presumptive test for Coliforms and confirmatory test for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus count per gram and metabolic tests for Staphylococcus (mannitol, coagulase and catalase).The physicochemical analysis included: determination of humidity, chlorides, pH and fats.En esta investigación se estudió el comportamiento de los microorganismos en Quesos crudos y pasteuriza- dos con variaciones en temperatura y tiempo de análisis.Se analizaron un total de 40 muestras, las cuales fueron clasificadas en 4 grupos:-Quesitos crudos-Quesos crudos-Quesitos pasteurizados -Quesos pasteurizados.A cada muestra se le hizo un análisis microbiológico y fisico-químico. El análisis bacteriológico comprendió: Recuento total de bacterias por gramo, recuento de Coliformes por gramo, prueba presuntiva para Coliformes y confirmativa para Escherichia coli, recuento de Estafilococos por gramo y pruebas metabólicas para el Estafilococo (manitol, coagulasa y catalsa).El análisis fisico-químico comprendió: Determinación de humedad, cloruros, pH y grasas
Botánica fémina: la influencia de las mujeres en la expedición botánica
No full textBotánica fémina: la influencia de las mujeres en la expedición botánic
Phoradendron bathyoryctum Eichler relieves acute nociceptive pain stimulus and carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice
No full textBackground: The genus Phoradendron belongs to the Santalaceae family and possesses several species with antitumor, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activity, where pain and inflammation are common symptoms. It is used in venereal and liver diseases in Paraguayan folk medicine. In addition, it claims to have tonic properties for the heart and central nervous system. Previous studies have shown that crude extract of Phoradendron bathyoryctum Eichler (Pb) has anxiolytic and antidepressant activity.Objective: This work aimed to determine the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity ofPb using acute models in mice.Methods: the anti-nociceptive activity of Pb was evaluated using mechanical pressure (Randall-Selitto test), acetic acid (writhing test), and heat (hot plate test) noxious stimulus in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through carrageenan-induced plantar edema in mice previously treated with Pb.Results: Presences of high polarity alkaloids, steroids/ free triterpenoids, leucoanthocyanidins, and tannins were detected in phytochemical studies. Oral doses of 30 (p<0.01) and 300 (p<0.001) mg/kg of Pb denoted a significant dose-dependent increase in pain threshold, using the Randall-Selitto and Writhing test (30; p<0.05; and 300; p<0.01. In addition, consistent with the above anti-nociceptive effect, an increase in the reaction latency time after oral administration of Pb at a dose of 300 mg/kg (p<0.05) in the hot plate test was denoted. Finally, a significant reduction of edema (30 mg/kg; p<0.01) induced by 1% carrageenan was evidenced, demonstrating a potential anti-inflammatory activity of Pb compared to the positive edema control. Interestingly, the anti-edematous activity of Pb showed a similar intensity response compared to the group treated with 10 mg/kg indomethacin (p<0.01).Conclusion: This work revealed that the crude extract of Pb can increase pain threshold, be compatible with an analgesic effect, and reduce edema (anti-inflammatory) induced by Carrageenan in mice. Further pharmacological and chemical studies are being conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms and components involved in the observed effects
Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-Up and Pharmacovigilance on a Colombian Neurological and Pain Health Service Provider Institution
No full textBACKGROUND: Pharmacotherapy follow-up and pharmacovigilance are activities done exclusively by the community pharmacist, within the framework of pharmaceutical care. The first is patient-oriented and helps in the detection of drug-related negative medication outcomes – NMO (of necessity, effectiveness, or safety) and drug-related problems – DRP (availability, prescription, dispensing, administration, quality, or use), while the second is oriented to medications and their safety, by systematically evaluating Adverse Drug Reactions – ADRs and their causality. OBJECTIVE: To identify potential NMOs and DRPs associated with the use of medications in ambulatory patients through pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and pharmacovigilance activities. METHODS: Of the total number of patients for whom the medication was authorized, the minimum statistical sample (CI=95%, α=5%) was calculated for each drug, and a literature review was performed to determine the criteria for the evaluation of necessity, effectiveness, and safety. RESULTS: Patients showed good adherence to the evaluated drugs, being the lowest found of 72,4% for acetaminophen/hydrocodone. An incidence of DNO of 24,4% was found, being the nonquantitative lack of safety DNOs the most frequent (17,8%); the incidence of DRP was 22,6%, being the inappropriate use of the medication the most relevant (17,3%). Drug interactions found during the process were intervened with the patient or physician, as necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacotherapy follow-up and pharmacovigilance are important activities, especially in outpatients, since it allows the identification and early intervention of DNO and DRP to avoid the detriment of the patient's health
Sociologia jurídica comprometida, espectros, sombras e outros horizontes
No full textIn our America, a hegemonic perspective of liberal activist legal sociology, access to justice, multiculturalism, the legal culture of legality, the new constitutionalism or Andean constitutionalism, environmental justice, the judicialization of politics and the politicization of justice, added to the impulse of the neoliberal agenda of the cooperation agencies of the global north, we question this perspective with all its lights and shadows and from below and to the left, we revisit popular lawyers, critical professors, human rights defenders, women leaders, organizations and communities that face the challenges of positioning a militant legal sociology based on popular struggles, accompaniment to social movements, the front lines, the defense of political prisoners, spiritual struggles for territory and the promotion of critical thinking in the social world and the law. From the analysis of militant research experiences, the exercise of a sociology committed to popular causes, social emancipation and its capacity to organize other legal-political horizons is questioned. All this from an understanding of the spectrum of our American Marxism that takes a position against the bourgeois right of property owners, and urges other social uses of (il)legalities.En nuestra américa se ha consolidado una perspectiva hegemónica de sociología jurídica liberal activista, acceso a la justicia, el multiculturalismo, la cultura jurídica de la legalidad, el nuevo constitucionalismo o constitucionalismo andino, la justicia ambiental, la judicialización de la política y la politización de la justicia, sumado al impulso de la agenda neoliberal de las agencia de cooperación del norte global interpelamos esta perspectiva con todas sus luces y sombras y desde abajo y a la izquierda, revisitamos los abogados populares, profesores críticos, defensores de derechos humanos, lideresas, organizaciones y comunidades que enfrentan los desafíos de posicionar una sociología jurídica militante a partir de luchas populares, el acompañamiento a los movimientos sociales, las primeras líneas, la defensa de presas y presos políticos, las luchas espirituales por el territorio y la promoción del pensamiento crítico en el mundo social y el derecho. Desde el análisis de experiencias de investigación militante se interpela el ejercicio de una sociología comprometida con causas populares, la emancipación social y su capacidad de agenciar otros horizontes jurídico-políticos. Todo esto desde una comprensión de espectros del marxismo nuestro americano que asume posición frente al derecho burgués de propietarios, e insta a otros usos sociales de las (i)legalidades.Em nossa América, consolidou-se uma perspectiva hegemônica de sociologia jurídica liberal ativista, que aborda o acesso à justiça, o multiculturalismo, a cultura jurídica da legalidade, o novo constitucionalismo ou constitucionalismo andino, a justiça ambiental, a judicialização da política e a politização da justiça. Somado ao impulso da agenda neoliberal da agência de cooperação do norte global, interpelamos essa perspectiva com todas as suas luzes e sombras e, de baixo e à esquerda, revisitamos os advogados populares, professores críticos, defensores de direitos humanos, lideranças, organizações e comunidades que enfrentam os desafios de posicionar uma sociologia jurídica militante a partir das lutas populares, do acompanhamento aos movimentos sociais, das primeiras linhas, da defesa de presas e presos políticos, das lutas espirituais pelo território e da promoção do pensamento crítico no mundo social e no direito.
A partir da análise de experiências de pesquisa militante, interpela-se o exercício de uma sociologia comprometida com causas populares, a emancipação social e sua capacidade de agenciar outros horizontes jurídico-políticos. Tudo isso a partir de uma compreensão de espectros do marxismo nosso-americano, que assume posição frente ao direito burguês de proprietários, e insta a outros usos sociais das (i)legalidades