Revistas UDEA (Universidad de Antioquia)
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Estado del arte de la ecomorfología de la familia Plethodontidae (Amphibia: Caudata) en América
No full textEcomorphological studies are essential to understanding how a species perform in an environment according to its morphology, allowing for further understanding of adaptation patterns and evolutionary diversification. Salamanders in the family Plethodontidae are widely distributed in the Americas, and their ecological specialization and philopatry make them highly vulnerable to environmental change. We compiled information on the ecomorphological aspects of the family to identify information patterns and gaps in data that could guide future research. We found that the United States is the country with the most significant number of studies (43), followed by Colombia (12) and Brazil (2). One of the most studied categories is life history and ecology, and the least studied are developmental biology, disturbance, and ecophysiology. Bolitoglossa was found to be 29% studied despite being one of the most diverse genera. Seventy-seven percent of the genera with altitudinal data prefer altitudinal ranges between 800-1200 m a. s. l., temperature between 15-20 °C and relative humidity above 80%. Finally, salamanders of lower weight (<1 g) and SVL (>60 mm) tend to use a higher perch height, probably related to a higher climbing ability or avoidance behavior. There is an opportunity for research on less studied genera, allowing future conservation decisions to be made.Los estudios ecomorfológicos son importantes para comprender cómo una especie puede desempeñarse en un entorno de acuerdo con sus características morfológicas, permitiendo a futuro entender patrones de adaptación y diversificación evolutiva. Las salamandras en la familia Plethodontidae se encuentran ampliamente distribuidas en América y su especialización ecológica y filopatría las hace un grupo altamente vulnerable a cambios ambientales. En esta revisión, se buscó recopilar la información registrada sobre aspectos ecomorfológicos de la familia, para identificar patrones y vacíos de información que pueden encaminar futuras investigaciones. Por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se encontró que EEUU es el país que presenta mayor cantidad de estudios (43), seguido de Colombia (12) y Brasil (2). Una de las categorías más estudiadas es historia de vida y ecología y las menos estudiadas son biología del desarrollo, perturbación y ecofisiología. Se encontró que Bolitoglossa ha sido estudiada en un 29% a pesar de ser uno de los géneros más diversos. El 77% de los géneros con datos de altitud prefieren rangos altitudinales de los 800-1200 m s. n. m., temperatura entre los 15-20 °C y humedad relativa superior al 80%. Por último, salamandras de menor peso (<1 g) y SVL (>60 mm), tienden a usar una mayor altura de percha, probablemente relacionado a una mayor capacidad de escalada o un comportamiento de evasión. Se observa una oportunidad para investigar en géneros menos estudiados, puesto que esto permitirá tomar decisiones a futuro sobre su conservación
Validation of Nursing Outcome Indicators in Patients with Postsurgical Delirium
No full textObjective. To validate the content of the indicators proposed from the Nursing Outcome Classification in a care plan for delirium management in older adults.
Methods. Content validity study, conducted under the expert judgment technique. The procedure was developed in five moments: organization of indicators that respond to the nursing outcome classification for delirium management, support with literature of the indicators that responds to the result, selection of experts, establishment of agreements, and discussion. Quality criteria evaluated: pertinence and relevance, the Content Validity Coefficient and average scores assigned by the experts were calculated.
Results. The study had the participation of 14 experts. The indicators, according to criteria of pertinence and relevance evaluated by experts showed a global average content index value of 0.93; 97.05% (66) of the indicators had Content Validity Coefficient > 0.75.
Conclusion. The quantitative findings of the indicator validation process showed high relevance and pertinence index, which favors their being applied to measure care changes in patients with delirium
Effectiveness of virtual teaching programme regarding palliative care on knowledge, self-efficacy and attitude of Nursing Personnel in North India
No full textObjective. To evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Teaching (VT) Programme regarding palliative care on knowledge, self-efficacy and attitude among Nursing Personnel working in selected hospitals of North India.
Methods. A quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group pre-test-post-test design was conducted on 121 Nursing Personnel, selected by convenient sampling technique. Knowledge, self-efficacy and attitude were assessed using structured knowledge questionnaire, Palliative Care Self-efficacy Scale, and Frommelt Attitudes toward care of dying scale respectively. Nursing personnel in experimental group received Virtual Teaching Programme regarding palliative care whereas those in comparison group received conventional teaching (CT). The study included a pre-test followed by the teaching (virtual/ conventional) on day one. The post-test was conducted on 15th day after the intervention.
Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference in mean post-test knowledge (VT group: 17.11 to CT group: 25.05; t=9.25, p<0.001), self-efficacy (VT group: 39.27 to CT group: 43.38; t=6.39, p<0.001) and attitude (VT group: 108.86 to CT group: 133.23; t=9.27, p<0.001) scores between virtual teaching group and conventional teaching group. ANCOVA test revealed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge [F (1.11) = 86.61, p<0.001], self-efficacy [F (1.11) = 841.75, p<0.001] and attitude [F (1.11) = 82.92, p<0.001] between the groups, with higher means obtained in the CT group
Prior knowledge of students: essential aspects that a nursing expert professor identifies, interprets, and organizes to foster learning
No full textObjective. To analyze the essential aspects that the nursing expert professor identifies, interprets, and organizes during classroom dialogic processes with students to foster their learning.
Methods. Qualitative study, part of a multicenter study, which used ethnography of communication specifically from a micro-ethnographic approach. An expert professor from the Faculty of Nursing at a public university in Medellín, Colombia, was selected for the study. The fieldwork was done in three stages: 1)non-participant observations in two in-person classes of the Morphophysiology course recorded on video from two different perspectives (one focusing on the professor and another on the students); 2)think-aloud interviews with the professor and five students (three from the first class and two from the second) who spontaneously started more than two communicative interactions with the professor during the classes; and 3)parallel transcriptions, organized in didactic sequences (videos). The analysis was supported by the unit Student-Professor (identification-evaluation-answer) Student [S-P(i-e-a)S´], and by continuous comparisons of the data.
Results. Four categories were identified: 1) Identification of essential aspects: importance of prior knowledge, 2) Interpretation: connection between essential aspects and students’ mental processes, 3) Organization of the answer: connection between prior knowledge and new knowledge, and: 4) Synchronization with the learning needs of the students, which were grouped in a meta-category: Prior knowledge of the students: essential aspects for learning.
Conclusion. Students’ experiential prior knowledge constitutes the essential aspects identified, interpreted, and organized by the expert professor to achieve significant learning
Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer actions in a Brazilian state
No full textObjective. To analyze whether the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the screening, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in women up to 50 years of age in the state of Pará.
Methods. Retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, using data from the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System. (DATASUS). The number of exams carried out in the pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) period was analyzed based on the percentage variation, application of the chi-square test and G test for the time of exams and start time of treatment.
Results. During the pandemic period, there was a greater number of screening mammograms (+3.68%), cytological (+23.68%), histological (+10.7%) and a lower number of diagnostic mammograms (-38.7%). The time interval for carrying out the exams was up to 30 days for screening and diagnostic exams and more than 60 days to start treatment during the pandemic period.
Conclusion. Although the results indicate an increase in the number of screening and diagnostic procedures for breast cancer during the pandemic period, with the exception of diagnostic mammography, when considering probability values, the study points out that statistically the COVID-19 pandemic did not interfere with actions of breast cancer, in women over 50 years of age, in the state of Pará. Considering the autonomy of nursing and its role in public health, it is up to the professionals who are in charge of primary care programs to implement contingency plans in periods of crisis so that the population is not left unassisted
Development and Evaluation of a Software Designed by a Nursing and Technology Team to Assess the Health Status of Adults over 65 Years of Age
No full textObjective. This work sought to develop the Actuasalud platform as a useful tool for nursing that permits assessing health, in term of frailty, in population over 65 years of age.
Methods. For the design and development of Actuasalud, two working groups were formed: one from nursing with different profiles, to identify the scientific content and a computer science group responsible for the software programming and development. Both teams adapted the scientific content to the technology so that the tool would allow for population screening with detection of health problems and frailty states.
Results. The software was developed in three large blocks that include all the dimensions of frailty: a) sociodemographic variables, b) comorbidities, and c) assessment tools of autonomy-related needs that evaluate the dimensions of frailty. At the end of the evaluation, a detailed report is displayed through bar diagram with the diagnosis of each of the dimensions assessed. The assessment in the participating elderly showed that 44.7% (n = 38) of the population was considered not frail, and 55.3%; (n = 47) as frail. Regarding associated pathologies, high blood pressure (67.1%; n = 57), osteoarthritis and/or arthritis (55.3%; n = 47), diabetes (48.2%; n = 41) and falls during the last year (35.3%; n = 30) were highlighted.
Conclusion. Actuasalud is an application that allows nursing professionals to evaluate frailty and issue a quick diagnosis with ordered sequence, which helps to provide individualized care to elderly individuals according to the problems detected during the evaluation
Advancement in knowledge and skills of nursing students in operation theatre procedures with mobile based learning
No full textObjective. To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile -based learning (MBL) in improving nursing students' knowledge and skills when performing procedures in the operating room.
Methods. A quasi-experimental study with control group, pre- and post-intervention assessment was conducted. A total of 128 nursing students from India were recruited by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention (use of a telephone application containing videos on hand washing, surgical gown donning, gloving, and assisting during intubation) and conventional education groups. A validated Structured Knowledge Questionnaire and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scale was used to assess nursing students' competencies in relation to operating room procedures and a mobile-based learning satisfaction opinion questionnaire was administered.
Results. The findings showed that the improvement in the mean knowledge and skills score was greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001). The administration of the MBL was rated as highly satisfactory by 93.8% of the students exposed to this learning method.
Conclusion. The MBL intervention was effective in improving nursing students' knowledge and skills in the evaluated operating room procedures
Sobre os etnônimos e sua história no Gran Chaco. Resenha do livro: Três ensaios de história weenhayek/wichí, por Isabelle Combès & Rodrigo Montani
No full textEn el libro Tres ensayos de historia weenhayek/wichí escrito por Isabelle Combès y Rodrigo Montani se estudian desde la linguística, la etnohistoria y la etnografía algunos problemas de larga data en la antropología e historia del Gran Chaco. Esta reseña intenta dar cuenta de las distintas hipótesis de trabajo presentes en en libro, subrayando su originalidad e inserción en las discusiones académicas existentes