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Temporal variations in glucose level, oxidative stress and antioxidant profile of Koi carps (Cyprinus carpio var koi) in response to hypoxic tolerance
No full textBiochemical analyses were conducted temporally to understand the impact of prolonged hypoxic environment on gill and white muscle of juvenile Koi carps (Cyprinus carpio var koi). The 16-day study involved quantification of Glucose (GLU), oxidative stress (Lipid Peroxidation—LPO) and antioxidant profile (Catalase—CAT, Glutathione—GSH, Glutathione-S-Transferase—GST) every 96th hour to understand the physiological consequences of hypoxic environment compared to normoxia (Control). There was no mortality throughout the study period, however, fishes were physically exhausted and exhibited Aquatic Surface Respiration (ASR) after day 8. Reduction in glucose levels was observed for both the tissues from day 4 to 16. LPO values increased in gill from day 4 to 12 followed by decrease on day 16. Catalase values reduced in gill from day 4 to 12 with an abrupt spike on day 16. Among the glutathione antioxidants, negligible GST activity was observed for day 12 and 16 in gill and muscle, while day 4 and 8 revealed fluctuations in GSH for both the tissues. The study showed tissue-specific differential response to stress because of a variance in the evaluated biomarkers in gill and muscle. Understanding the extent of physiological response to progressive oxygen disruption is essential for best practices in pisciculture because its availability is a critical factor impacting fish health which is congruent to the results of this study
Growth response of in vitro regenerated drymaria cordata (L.) willd. ex roem. & schult. to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
No full textDrymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. commonly known as ‘West Indian Chick weed’ is a potential herb used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many ailments. The main active principles therapeutically are known as drymaritin and isovitexin. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are symbiotic associations between plants and soil fungi that play a vital role in plant growth and development as well as soil quality. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to determine the growth responses of in vitro regenerated Drymaria cordata to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Both normal and in vitro regenerated plants of Drymaria cordata were inoculated with Glomus mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum. All the inoculated plants showed significant morphological results over control after a period of 30, 60 and 90 days of inoculation in polyhouse pot experiment. The percent of colonization and the number of spores in the rhizosphere of the in vitro regenerated plants are significantly more than the normal plants. Inoculation of in vitro regenerated plants with Glomus fasciculatum showed maximum mycorrhizal inoculation effect. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased the biomass, root and shoot length, plant height, leaf area, number of branches, number of nodes per branch and internodal length. Such increases were related to the intensity of mycorrhizal association in the root. These findings indicate that mycorrhizal inoculation can be a suitable and alternative method to improve the growth of Drymaria cordata
Gene cloning, recombinant expression, and bioassay of an allatotropin in Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Full text linkBackground: Allatotropin, a neuropeptide found in several invertebrates indirectly regulates vitellogenesis by stimulating juvenile hormone biosynthesis by the corpora allata. Here, we cloned and expressed the gene encoding allatotropin of Spodoptera litura (tobacco cutworm), a polyphagous pest in the Asian tropics. This study is aimed at studying
the efect of recombinant protein on egg-laying in females of S. litura as it could be used as a method to control the
pests from a reproductive perspective
Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Profile and GC-MS Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Simarouba Glauca Seeds
Full text linkMedicinal plants acted as traditional medicine from the ancient time and recognized as scientific medicine in modern days. Simarouba glauca is an Indian traditional medicinal plant commonly called as “Paradise Tree or Lakshmi Taru” used for its various medicinal properties. The current study was carried out to know the phytochemicals, antioxidant profile and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of ethanol extract of the seed S. glauca. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and carbohydrates, lacked alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins. The total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenol content were 25.20 ± 0.15mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, 57.08±1.51mg catechin equivalent/g extract and 41.75 ± 2.31mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract respectively. Antioxidants exhibited maximum 2, 2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging of 70% at 100 ?g/mL concentrations with an IC50 value 50.93?g/mL, decolourization potential of 2,2’-azino-bis - (3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was 65% at 203.87?g/mL concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay exhibited Ascorbic Acid Equivalents (AAE/ml).The relative contents of the fatty acids were calculated with area normalization by GC-MS. Out of the ten fatty acids, four of them were Ethyl oleate (24.20%), Oleic acid (16.13%), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (12.69%) and Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (12.22%) and other six fatty acids were present less than 11
Variability of ozone and oxides of nitrogen in the tropical city, Bengaluru, India
No full textBengaluru, also considered India's Silicon Valley, has seen steady growth in population over the years. Bengaluru's rapid development has resulted in dwindling reservoirs, increased traffic congestion, high levels of air pollution, and, to some measure, a rise in summer temperatures. As a result of these changes in urban form over the last decade, anthropogenic heat fluxes for ozone production have increased. However, an observational study on the effects of growing urbanisation on trace gases in Bengaluru for various seasons and periods of the day is missing. Hence, in situ measurements of O3, NO, NO2, and NOX concentrations were carried out at Bengaluru, India, from January 2015 to December 2018. The data were examined for diurnal and interannual variations in trace gas mixing concentrations. The diurnal trend in O3 exhibits unimodal behaviour. Changes in photochemistry, local meteorology, and the planetary boundary layer's distinctive features cause a rise in the value of concentrations and lead to a peak. In contrast, the diurnal trend in NO, NO2, and NOX displayed a bimodal peak due to the combined effect of vehicular emissions and the planetary boundary layer. The link involving the oxidant OX (O3 + NO2) and NOx levels were investigated to determine the NOx-independent regional and NOx-dependent local contributions to OX in the atmosphere. Daytime contributions are higher than night-time contributions, according to the present study. The observed anomalies could be the consequence of photochemical processes that produce OX
Highly corrosion resistant platinum-rhodium alloy coating and its photocatalytic activity
No full textA method of electroplating a platinum–rhodium (Pt-Rh) alloy coating with a specified composition on a metal substrate stainless steel (SS304) is presented in this article. The Pt-Rh bath consists of [Pt (NH3)2]HPO4, H2SO4 and Rh2(SO4)3. The Pt-Rh alloy electrodeposition coatings were characterized by different analytical methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM images justify that coating is uniform in a 75% duty cycle. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the presence of Pt and Rh in the coating. XRD confirms that crystalline size was reduced from 75% duty cycle to the rest of the PC’s coatings and DC (Direct current). The incorporation of the Pt-Rh metal ions was verified by EDX analyses. The corrosion behaviour of the developed Pt-Rh alloy coatings was evaluated in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques. The coating developed at PC-75% duty cycle possesses the highest corrosion resistance. A photocatalytic degradation study of Pt-Rh coating was conducted for Methylene Blue (MB) dyes under UV light radiation. The dye removal efficiency of Pt-Rh coated samples was 97% after irradiation and PC 75% duty cycles showed an exceptional dye degradation percentage compare to the DC coating source. All photocatalytic behaviour was controlled by using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer