Poli[Papers] (Universitat Politècnica de València)
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“Entre filón de Bizancio y la arqueología”. La reconstrucción virtual del sistema defensivo púnico-helenístico del yacimiento “Castillo de Doña Blanca” (El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, España)
Get PDFThis study presents the virtual reconstruction of the Punic-Hellenistic defensive system of Doña Blanca Castle (CBD) through the use of virtual archaeology, which has allowed considerable progress to be made in the understanding of the polyorcetic techniques of this chronology in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The application of new technologies such as geo-referenced digital photogrammetry and 3D architectural modelling has been key in the detailed documentation of the settlement's defensive structures. This approach has revealed a modular design and planning common to other contemporary fortifications, suggesting a high level of military organisation and strategy in this key settlement during the Second Roman-Carthaginian War.
The main contribution of this study is the reconstructive hypothesis of the defensive system of the CBD, which has improved the understanding of Punic-Hellenistic fortification in the Iberian Peninsula. Thanks to this analysis, common planning patterns have been identified in this type of military construction, revealing a modular design and functionality in the defensive organisation. Among the most outstanding elements of this reconstruction is the finding of the existence of postern gate, i.e. openings that would have been used to allow the exit or entry of defensive troops, thus carrying out an active defence of the fortification. This characteristic reinforces the idea of strategic military planning, where each component of the defensive system was aimed at improving the site's protection capacity in a war context. The linking of the overall structure of the fortification with the artillery torsion machines typical of the period has also been a revealing perspective, as it shows that the builders were not only thinking of passive defences (walls and towers), but also of the active use of advanced military devices for the defence of the settlement.
Another crucial aspect of the study is the use of classical sources, such as the writings of Philo of Byzantium, which have been instrumental in the development of reconstructive hypotheses. Ancient treatises offer a valuable perspective that helps to guide the interpretation of archaeological finds, providing a theoretical framework for understanding how these defensive systems were organised and functioned in Antiquity. Philo of Byzantium, in particular, was an expert in fortifications and poliorcetic, and his descriptions of artillery machines and fortification elements have allowed comparison of the structures exhumed in the CBD with other fortifications of the same period.
The virtual reconstruction and detailed analysis of the defensive system of the CBD has been possible thanks to the implementation of virtual archaeology, which has allowed us to generate our own methodology and workflow. The analysis, study and dissemination of the results have improved the transfer of knowledge to the specialised public and society in general. Virtual archaeology, despite its youth in the academic world, has become an essential discipline for promoting research and scientific traceability in the virtual reconstructions carried out to date. Although its theoretical postulates are somewhat outdated, due to the constant advance of technologies and the traditional conservative perspective of current studies on history or archaeology, carrying out this type of specific work promotes the dynamisation of the discipline. The implementation of the whole theoretical-practical corpus, from the theory itself to the tools and protocols developed in the last decade, has made clear the substantial differences in the current situation of the discipline, which will have to be addressed in the future, in specific forums for debate.
Despite the significant advances achieved through virtual archaeology and comparative analysis with classical sources, the study underlines the importance of further research. Further documentation of the site is needed, as well as a general research plan for this major protohistoric site. The comparison of the CBD with other archaeological sites enriches our knowledge of Punic poliorcetic in general, and of the military development of these settlements in the historical developments of the time. Specific analyses in this regard can provide a broader historical context and an overview of the different sites located in the south of the peninsula, thus improving the understanding of the strategic role of these fortifications, in the Bay of Cadiz in particular, during the Second Roman-Carthaginian War.En este estudio se presenta la reconstrucción virtual del sistema defensivo del Castillo de Doña Blanca (CDB) a través de la aplicación de la arqueología virtual, lo que ha permitido avanzar significativamente en la comprensión de las técnicas poliorcéticas púnico-helenísticas en el sur de la península Ibérica. Este enfoque innovador ha sido clave para el estudio de esta fortificación, contribuyendo a generar nuevas interpretaciones tras más de 20 años de inactividad científica en el yacimiento. La implementación de nuevas tecnologías en la documentación, análisis y visualización de datos ha desempeñado un papel crucial en este proceso. Entre estas tecnologías, destacan la fotogrametría digital georreferenciada y la modelización arquitectónica en 3D, que han sido fundamentales para la reconstrucción detallada de los elementos defensivos exhumados, revelando aspectos inéditos del sistema defensivo. La constatación de la existencia de poternas, así como la vinculación de la estructura general de la fortificación con las máquinas de artillería características de esta época sugiere una gran planificación militar de este asentamiento estratégico durante la Segunda Guerra Romano-Cartaginesa. Además, nuestro estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia de las fuentes clásicas en el desarrollo de las hipótesis reconstructivas. Tratadistas militares antiguos como Filón de Bizancio han sido esenciales para definir la interpretación de las estructuras defensivas, ofreciendo un marco teórico para la misma. A pesar de estos avances, el estudio enfatiza la necesidad de continuar investigando y comparando el CDB con otros yacimientos arqueológicos, con el objetivo de enriquecer el conocimiento general sobre la poliorcética fenicio-púnica. La comparación con otras estructuras defensivas puede proporcionar un contexto histórico de conjunto, enriqueciendo las hipótesis actuales y profundizando en la comprensión de la estrategia militar en la bahía de Cádiz en época helenística o bárquida
Operational strategy, capabilities, and successfully accomplishing business strategy
Get PDFThis study investigates the vital role of corporations’ operational capabilities, which involve resources, competencies, and processes, in attaining the business’s strategic goals for profitability and sustainability. The methodology employs a selective literature review to analyze case studies, books, and articles that give an overview of operational management and its importance in achieving corporate goals. The results exhibit the challenges posed by rapid market changes, revealing the deficiencies of traditional operational systems focused solely on efficiency and cost. To attain sustained success, manufacturers must focus on a client-valued approach, align objectives with capabilities, and support inter-functional links. Companies with distinctive managerial processes outperform in profitability, emphasizing the significance of investing in management capabilities. Operational excellence necessitates a focus on efficiency, innovation, and customer experience, prompting a shift towards a learning style that encourages innovation. Aligning innovation efforts with business strategy is essential for sustainable competitive advantage. Technological innovation, particularly AI adoption, plays a transformative role in operational innovation, highlighting the importance of dynamic capabilities in managing technological change. Yet, effective inventory and supply chain management are important for meeting customer demand and maximizing efficiency through collaboration and adaptable control
Core gut microbiota in rabbit: opportunities to strengthen the intestinal barrier
Get PDFThe symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiota and its host is crucial to the development and functioning of both partners. The microbiota plays a key role in the development and physiology of its host (nutrition, growth, health and cognition). In turn, the host shapes the microbiota, according to factors that are intrinsic or dependent on its environment. However, the definition of an optimal microbiota that maximises ecosystem services (host benefits) has yet not been established. The symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and its host is based on a complex molecular dialogue at the level of the intestinal epithelium and the underlying mucosal immune system. These interactions condition the establishment of an intestinal barrier, limiting colonisation by microbial pathogens and thereby guaranteeing health. In this review, we propose a ‘core’ rabbit microbiota definition through a re-analysis of available opensource data. Based on the association between the abundance of bacterial taxa and host traits, we attempt to identify microbiota key species that would likely be involved in growth performance and health. Then, we describe the components of the intestinal barrier and the host-microbiota interaction mechanisms. Finally, we propose early in life nutritional levers to strengthen this intestinal barrier and thereby enhance the health of young rabbits before weaning
El Pabellón Debau de Eckhard Schulze-Fielitz en Essen. La construcción del concepto Raumstadt
Get PDFEckhard Schulze-Fielitz, German architect, belonged to GEAM from the beginning and shared the approaches set out by Yona Friedman in the manifesto published by Ulrich Konrad. In this same document he presented his theories, which he called Raumstadt; they are geometrical principles, new structural solutions, using industrialization and standardization of construction processes to solve the social problems detected by GEAM. Ville Spatiale is the term used by Friedman to name the infrastructures or megastructures with which he generated his model of the city, the German translation of which is Raumstadt, which takes up the concepts of Schulze-Fielitz. In the realization of the DEBAU Pavilion in Essen he had the opportunity to construct these concepts by means of the module he calls Metaeder, an isotropic and universal model which serves as a geometrical pattern for the theories collected in Raumstadt.Eckhard Schulze-Fielitz, arquitecto alemán, pertenece al GEAM desde los inicios y comparte los planteamientos establecidos por Yona Friedman en el manifiesto publicado por Ulrich Konrad. En este mismo documento expondrá sus teorías que denomina Raumstadt; son principios geométricos, nuevas soluciones estructurales, utilizando la industrialización y estandarización de los procesos constructivos para solucionar los problemas sociales detectados por el GEAM. Ville Spatiale es el término utilizado por Friedman para nombrar las infraestructuras o megaestructuras con las que genera su modelo de ciudad, cuya traducción al alemán es Raumstadt que recoge los conceptos de Schulze-Fielitz. En la realización del Pabellon DEBAU en Essen tiene la oportunidad de construir dichos conceptos a través del módulo que denomina Metaeder, modelo isotrópico y universal que sirve de patrón geométrico a las teorías recogidas en Raumstadt. En este trabajo se realiza una reconstrucción gráfica del Pabellón DEBAU, utilizando la documentación encontrada en el Baukunstarchiv NVR en Dortmund, que permite explicar las teorías y conceptos recogidos en Raumstadt a través de su módulo Metaeder
Realidad virtual unplugged. Rememorando los panoramas del XIX con técnicas actuales
Get PDFThis article describes the conception and construction of an immersive analogue display case that shows a panoramic view of the interior of the dome of the Church of the Escuelas Pías in Valencia. This display stand was created for the exhibition entitled Cerámica y Arquitectura: la cúpula de las Escuelas Pías de Valencia, which focuses on the restoration process of the dome, held at the National Museum of Ceramics in Valencia (Palacio del Marqués de Dos Aguas). The analogue display case does not use screens or digital media. It consists of a cylindrical structure with a conical roof, which recreates the idea of 19th-century panoramas. The viewer must stand in the centre to feel immersed in the church space, which is printed on canvas that adapts to the shape of the structure. The images printed on the canvas are achieved by projective transformations of a spherical photographic panorama of the interior of the church. From a geometric point of view, obtaining the development of the image on the conical surface is especially interesting, for which a specific algorithm has been developed.En este artículo se muestra el proceso de ideación y construcción de un expositor analógico inmersivo que muestra un panorama del interior de la cúpula de la iglesia de las Escuelas Pías en Valencia, realizado para la exposición titulada Cerámica y Arquitectura: la cúpula de las Escuelas Pías de Valencia acerca del proceso de restauración de la bóveda, llevada a cabo en el Museo Nacional de Cerámica de Valencia (Palacio del Marqués de Dos Aguas). El expositor no utiliza pantallas ni medios digitales. Consiste en una estructura con forma cilíndrica y cubierta cónica, que recupera la idea de los panoramas del s. XIX. El espectador debe situarse en el centro para sentirse inmerso en el espacio de la iglesia que está impreso en lonas que se adaptan a la forma de la estructura. Las imágenes impresas sobre las lonas se consiguen realizando transformaciones proyectivas de un panorama esférico fotográfico del interior de la iglesia. Desde el punto de vista geométrico, resulta especialmente interesante la obtención del desarrollo de la imagen sobre la superficie cónica para lo cual se ha desarrollado un algoritmo específico
Pensamiento y arquitectura de Francisco Mora Berenguer a través de su obra gráfica
No full textA journey through the graphic work of Francisco Mora Berenguer (1875-1961) allows us to complete the figure of this key architect in shaping Valencia during the first third of the 20th century. His prolific career, to which he dedicated himself overwhelmingly (in addition to his private practice, he was the chief municipal architect of Valencia’s Ensanche district, a cadastral architect, a professor at the School of Industrial Engineers, a full member of the Royal Academy of San Carlos, and president of the Higher Council of Architects of Spain, among other roles), enabled him to cover almost all areas of architecture and to work on different scales—from urban planning at the city level to interior and furniture design, as well as civil and residential projects. His built architectural legacy includes landmarks that, in some cases, have become emblematic references contributing to the collective image of Valencia. In addition to this, his graphic legacy—together with his own writings—reflects the projectrelated interests and thinking of an architect devoted to his craft, faithful to his convictions, and indifferent to the challenges posed by the Modern Movement.Un recorrido por la obra gráfica de Francisco Mora Berenguer (1875-1961) permite completar la figura de este arquitecto clave en la definición de la Valencia del primer tercio del siglo XX. Su prolífica labor, a la que brindó una dedicación abrumadora (además del ejercicio libre de la profesión, fue arquitecto municipal jefe del Ensanche de Valencia, arquitecto de Catastro, catedrático en la Escuela de Peritos Industriales, académico de número de la Real Academia de San Carlos, presidente del Consejo Superior de Arquitectos de España…), le facultó abarcar casi todos los ámbitos de la arquitectura así como ejercerla a distintas escalas, desde la ciudad,-a nivel urbanístico- al diseño de interiores y mobiliario, pasando por la obra civil y residencial. A su legado arquitectónico construido, con exponentes que en algunos casos se han convertido en referentes emblemáticos que han contribuido a caracterizar la imagen colectiva de la ciudad de Valencia, se suma, en cierta medida, el legado gráfico que lo acompaña y que refleja –junto con los escritos del propio autor- los intereses proyectuales y el pensamiento de un arquitecto con oficio, fiel a sus convicciones y ajeno a los desafíos que deparó del Movimiento Moderno
Historia del diseño de marcas: una propuesta para su categorización en etapas evolutivas
Get PDFThis article examines the historical evolution of graphic brands, from the emergence of the first industrial trademarks to the contemporary era, focusing on the social, economic, and technological factors that have influenced their design. Through a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive methodology based on a literature review, five key stages are identified: the first industrial trademarks (1890-1920); early modern logos (1920-1950); the consolidation of contemporary design (1950-1970); the transition to postmodernity (1970-1990); and the digital era (1990-present). The findings show that brands have evolved from being tools of identification to becoming key elements of cultural identity, continuously adapting to the challenges of each era and reflecting the society that creates them.Este artículo analiza la evolución histórica de las marcas gráficas, desde el nacimiento de las primeras marcas industriales hasta la era contemporánea, con un enfoque particular en los factores sociales, económicos y tecnológicos que han influido en su diseño. A través de una metodología cualitativa de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo basada en una revisión de la literatura, se identifican cinco etapas clave: las primeras marcas industriales (1890-1920); los primeros logos modernos (1920-1950); la consolidación del diseño moderno (1950-1970); la transición a la posmodernidad (1970-1990); y la era digital (1990-actualidad). Los resultados muestran que las marcas han evolucionado de ser herramientas de identificación a convertirse en elementos clave de identidad cultural, adaptándose continuamente a los desafíos de cada época y convirtiéndose en un reflejo de la sociedad que las crea
Enhancing Transversal Competences through Project-Based Learning: Integrating Sustainable Development Goals in Mechatronics Engineering
Get PDFThis research presents a successful implementation of a Project-Based Learning (PBL) methodology to foster the acquisition of Transversal Competencies (TCs) and incorporate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into higher education curricula. This was carried out in the framework of an Educational Innovation and Improvement Project (EIIP) carried out at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) in Spain during the academic years that span from 2023 to 2025. Specifically, it was conducted within the “Dynamics of Mechanical Systems” course of the “Mechatronic Engineering” master’s program of the at the Higher School of Aerospace Engineering and Industrial Design (HSAEID), which involves an average of 40 students. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect evidence regarding the successful implementation of the PBL methodology. The EIIP project offers practical insights and strategies for efficiently integrating global competencies and sustainability into technical education. In this sense, the positive outcomes indicate that PBL not only enhances technical competencies and motivation but also cultivates critical thinking, collaboration, problem-solving abilities, acquisition of learning goals, and preparing students to address complex global challenges of the labor market and. However, ongoing evaluation and continuous improvement processes, supported by robust feedback mechanisms, are crucial for sustaining and enhancing these educational innovations
Landsat Colección 2: Información clave y recomendaciones para usuarios de los datos y desarrolladores del producto
Get PDFThe United States Geological Survey (USGS) effort to provide coherent data for the Landsat series from various perspectives (e.g., geometric, radiometric, or metadata) is, without a doubt, admirable, especially considering the vast volume of data and the continuous scientific and technical challenges over many decades. Landsat Collection 2, initiated in 2020, represents the latest effort in this direction. This paper presents a detailed explanation of some important changes compared to previous distributions. The text highlights aspects of good practices (e.g., the choice of distribution format or the explicit coding of saturated pixels), radiometric inconsistencies (e.g., in areas of scene overlap or images taken on close dates), and decisions that pose difficulties for the user community (e.g., termination of the distribution of lower processing level products, exclusion of level 2 products for the first three Landsat satellites, inclusion of metadata that can lead to confusion, inconsistency of NoData values). It also addresses the significant differences in radiances between data processed by ESA (CEOS) and provides justification for the decision to change the meaning of the traditional DN, resulting in shifts in radiance rescaling factors (scale and offset) throughout the year. Furthermore, the paper offers alternatives for some problematic aspects of thermal infrared data processing. The aim is to assist other users and contribute to the debate on best practices in remote sensing image processing.El esfuerzo del Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS) para proporcionar datos coherentes para la serie Landsat desde varios puntos de vista (p. ej., geométrico, radiométrico o en metadatos) es, sin duda, admirable, especialmente teniendo en cuenta el enorme volumen de datos y los continuos desafíos científicos y técnicos acaecidos a lo largo de tantas décadas. La Colección 2 de Landsat, iniciada en 2020, es el último esfuerzo en esta dirección. Este artículo presenta una explicación detallada de algunos cambios importantes con respecto a distribuciones anteriores. El texto destaca aspectos de buenas prácticas (p. ej., la elección del formato de distribución o la codificación explícita de píxeles saturados), inconsistencias radiométricas (p. ej., en áreas de superposición de escenas, o en imágenes de fechas cercanas) y decisiones que plantean dificultades para la comunidad de usuarios (p. ej., la finalización de la distribución de los productos de nivel de procesamiento inferior, la exclusión de productos de nivel 2 para los tres primeros satélites Landsat, la inclusión de metadatos que pueden generar confusión, o la inconsistencia de los valores NoData). También se cuestiona la enorme diferencia de radiancias en relación con los datos procesados por la ESA (CEOS), y se arroja luz y justificación sobre la decisión de cambiar el significado de los tradicionales DN, lo que da lugar a cambios en los factores de conversión de radiancia a lo largo del año. Además, se ofrecen algunas alternativas para algunos aspectos problemáticos del procesamiento de datos en el infrarrojo térmico. El trabajo pretende ayudar a otros usuarios, así como contribuir al debate sobre las mejores prácticas en el procesamiento de imágenes de Teledetección
Inundación compuesta en el estuario de Santoña: umbrales bivariados y su aplicación en alertas tempranas
Get PDFThis study implements a bivariate methodological framework based on copulas to characterize the potential for compound flooding in the Santoña estuary (Cantabria, Spain), evaluate its performance against traditional methodologies, and explore its applicability in early warning systems. By analyzing the interaction between river discharge and storm surge, it addresses the complexity of defining hazard scenarios within a multivariate context. Unlike univariate approaches, which provide a single reference value, the bivariate analysis identifies critical combinations of forcings that, while not individually extreme, can produce significant impacts when acting together. Based on these results, a tiered alert system is proposed (active monitoring, early warning, moderate alert, and extreme alert), linked to specific multivariate thresholds that integrate probability and severity, thereby enhancing planning and response strategies for compound events.Este estudio implementa un marco metodológico bivariado basado en cópulas para caracterizar el potencial de inundación compuesta en el estuario de Santoña (Cantabria, España), evaluar su desempeño frente a metodologías tradicionales y explorar su aplicabilidad en sistemas de alerta temprana. Al analizar la interacción entre la descarga fluvial y la marea meteorológica, se aborda la complejidad de definir escenarios de peligro en un contexto multivariado. A diferencia de los enfoques univariados, que generan un único valor de referencia, el análisis bivariado identifica combinaciones críticas de forzamientos que, aunque no extremas individualmente, pueden generar impactos significativos al actuar conjuntamente. Con base en estos resultados, se propone un esquema escalonado de niveles de alerta (monitoreo activo, alerta temprana, alerta moderada y alerta extrema), vinculado a umbrales multivariados específicos que relacionan probabilidad de ocurrencia y severidad, optimizando la planificación y la respuesta frente a eventos compuestos