Poli[Papers] (Universitat Politècnica de València)
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Alternative methods to animal experimentation in rabbit nutrition trials integrating the 3Rs principles
Get PDFAnimal studies are essential to nutrition research, particularly in investigating the effects of dietary changes on animal growth, reproduction, health and metabolism. These studies provide quantitative data on feedstuffs’ nutritive value and animal response to diets, indispensable for building accurate nutrient databases and defining animal nutrient requirements, respectively. However, advancements in (bio)technologies have encouraged the development of non-animal alternatives in rabbit nutrition research. Moreover, Europe’s commitment to replacing animals for scientific purposes emphasises the need to regulate and harmonise animal experimentation according to the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). While animal methods remain necessary in some cases, attention must be paid to their reliability and validity, alongside the adoption of alternative methods. Alternative approaches in rabbit nutrition include prediction equations to estimate the nutritional value of feedstuffs based on their chemical composition, in vitro models to simulate the digestibility and fermentability of diets and feedstuffs, and the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to calculate feed composition and nutritive value. Other non-animal-based approaches using mathematical modelling and cell/tissue/organ culture models are also rapidly evolving to test animal responses to dietary changes. Reduction can be achieved through extensive literature searches, careful experimental design, statistical methods and data sharing to avoid unnecessary duplication of experiments. Refinement includes appropriate housing, care and enrichment to minimise the suffering of animals used in research. Additionally, integrating precision livestock farming technology into research practices and omics tools through non-invasive procedures can also contribute to refining rabbit trials. The aim of this work was to critically review these approaches following Replacement, Reduction and Refinement principles for rabbit nutrition. We first examine already existing possibilities and practical methods and later discuss their adequacy. Recommendations for designing rabbit nutrition trials and further research needs, opportunities and challenges for the use of alternative methods that pursue any of the 3Rs will also be reviewed in the light of rabbit nutrition trials
Lectura de El viaje de Chihiro desde el simbolismo global moderno: una sátira menipea de animación
Get PDFMore than two decades of studies on Spirited Away have passed, focusing on illuminating yet fragmentary aspects such as traditional Japanese symbolism or its relationship with literary and animated works. Consequently, it is time to attempt an integrative reading to better explain its worldwide success. To do so, we will start from the framework of a theory of modern global symbolism, understood as a capital of images with which the arts represent the crossroads of today's world. This reading will consist of two moments. First, we will describe its main symbols and suggest their origin and meanings. The journey, the child character, the crisis, education, the androgyne and the destruction of the idyll stand out. Next, we will deduce its genre from the special combination of these figures. It is, as we shall see, the Menippean satire. A protean and millenary genre, but with a global presence, especially in fantastic and animation cinema.Tras más de dos décadas de estudios sobre El viaje de Chihiro, centrados en aspectos iluminadores —aunque parciales—, como el simbolismo tradicional japonés o la relación con obras literarias y de animación, es momento de intentar una lectura integradora que se compadezca mejor con su éxito mundial. Partiremos para ello del marco de una teoría del simbolismo global moderno, entendido como el capital de imágenes con el que las artes representan las encrucijadas del mundo actual. Esta lectura contará con dos momentos. Primero, describiremos sus figuras principales y sugeriremos su origen y sus sentidos. Destacan el viaje, el personaje infantil, la crisis, la educación, el andrógino y la destrucción del idilio. Seguidamente, deduciremos su género cinematográfico de la especial combinación de estas figuras: la sátira menipea. Un género proteico y milenario, muy poco reconocido, pero con presencia global, en especial en el cine fantástico y de animación
La consolidación de la ficción climática en la animación española: las series pedagógicas en la post-Transición y su legado
Get PDFAfter the Transition, educational series in Spain were able to adopt the cli-fi subgenre, evolving along with the social and environmental contexts of each era. Series such as David, the Gnome (BIERN BOYD, 1985), Delfy and His Friends (VICIANA, 1992) and Raindrop (UVIEDO, 2001) developed key narrative patterns: the interconnection between humans and nature, the ecological hero and the conflict between conservation and destruction. With the change in public policies and the decline in the production of series, cinema took over, consolidating Spain as a benchmark in the treatment of cli-fi on the big screen. The move to feature films made it possible to maintain and expand these ecological messages, making Spanish animation continue to be fundamental in raising climate awareness and a global leader in this field.Tras la Transición, las series pedagógicas de animación en España supieron adoptar el subgénero cli-fi, evolucionando junto a los contextos sociales y ambientales de cada época. Series como David el Gnomo (Biern Boyd, 1985), Mofli, el último koala (González, 1987), Delfy y sus amigos (Viciana, 1992) y Narigota, la aventura del agua (Uviedo, 2001) desarrollaron patrones narrativos clave: la interconexión entre el ser humano y la naturaleza, el héroe ecológico y el conflicto entre conservación y destrucción. Con el cambio en las políticas públicas y el descenso de la producción de series, el cine tomó el relevo, consolidando a España como un referente en el tratamiento del cli-fi en la gran pantalla. El paso al largometraje permitió mantener y expandir estos mensajes ecológicos, haciendo que la animación española continúe siendo fundamental en la concienciación climática y un líder global en este campo
Subdivision-based homotopy equivalence of digital circles
Get PDFA direct translation of the notion of homotopy equivalence from algebraic topology to digital images leads to a much more rigid definition in the context of digital topology. This results in two digital circles of different radii being not homotopic. A more suitable idea of equivalences, called "subdivision-based homotopy equivalence" which is introduced by Lupton et al., involves the concept of subdivision of digital images. We prove that, in this sense, any digital circle is subdivision-based homotopic to the Diamond, the prototypical digital circle of radius 1, which implies, as a consequence, that the fundamental group of any digital circle is isomorphic to Z
Cauchy G-spaces: Local convexity
Get PDFCauchy continuous actions of a Cauchy monoid acting on a locally convex Cauchy space X are investigated. The local convexity is determined by a partial order on X. Sufficient conditions are given to ensure the existence of a Hausdorff Cauchy space completion T for which the Cauchy continuous action can be appropriately extended to T
Comparación de modelos para la estimación de la carga de combustible de matorrales de jara a partir de LIDAR en la región mediterránea
No full textShrub communities of Cistus ladanifer L. (gum rockrose) are one of the most characteristic, extensive, and prone to wildfire of Mediterranean ecosystems. In addition, these shrublands have a remarkable potential for the extraction of subproducts, which are highly valuable in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Therefore, estimating and their biomass is essential to manage and prioritize their use, calculate their carbon content and CO2 capture as well as predict their fire behaviour and possible emissions. In this study, we aim to estimate the fuel load of gum rockrose shrublands in southern Spain based on airborne LIDAR data from PNOA. For this purpose, non-destructive field inventories were carried out with measurements of mean height and shrub cover in 143 circular plots in Andalusia region. These two fuel variables were used as inputs in an existing specific equation to estimate the fuel load for C. ladanifer.
Two different approaches were compared to estimate the fuel load of these gum rockrose by linear regression analysis: (i) direct estimation (DE), consisting of the adjustment that directly relates fuel load to ALS data; and (ii) indirect estimation in two steps (IE) based on the adjustment of equations to estimate the input variables (shrub height and cover) of the gum rockrose from LiDAR data. Better goodness-of-fit statistics were obtained in the direct estimation model than in the indirect estimation model, explaining 70% and 72% of the observed variability, respectively. These results can be valuable for the development of gum rockrose biomass mapping for use in fire prevention and suppression and in the planning of harvesting for the extraction of their products.Las comunidades de matorral de Cistus ladanifer L. (jara pringosa) son uno de los ecosistemas más característicos, abundantes y propensos a sufrir incendios del monte mediterráneo. Además, estos jarales tienen un potencial considerable para la extracción de productos derivados de gran valor en la industria farmacéutica, alimentaria y cosmética. Por lo tanto, estimar su biomasa es esencial para gestionar y priorizar su aprovechamiento, calcular su contenido de carbono y fijación de CO2, así como predecir su comportamiento ante el fuego y posibles emisiones. En este estudio se pretende estimar la carga de combustible de los jarales de C. ladanifer del sur de España a partir de los datos LIDAR aéreos del PNOA. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo inventarios de campo no destructivos con mediciones de la altura media y cobertura de matorral en 143 parcelas circulares en Andalucía. Estas dos variables del combustible se utilizaron como entrada en una ecuación específica existente para estimar la carga de combustible de C. ladanifer. Se compararon dos aproximaciones diferentes para estimar la carga de combustible de estos jarales mediante análisis de regresión lineal: (i) estimación directa (ED), consistente en el ajuste que relaciona directamente la carga de combustible con los datos de ALS; y (ii) estimación indirecta en dos pasos (EI) basado en el ajuste de ecuaciones para estimar las variables de entrada (altura y cobertura) de los jarales a partir de los datos LiDAR. Se obtuvieron mejores estadísticos de bondad de ajuste en el modelo de estimación directa que en de estimación indirecta, explicando el 70% y el 72% de la variabilidad observada, respectivamente. Estos resultados pueden resultar de gran utilidad para desarrollar cartografías de biomasa de los jarales con fines preventivos y de extinción de incendios, y para la planificación de su aprovechamiento
Utilization of rabbit skin as edible film for environmentally friendly food packaging using glycerol as plasticizer
Get PDFThe growing rabbit population has directly contributed to increased meat yields and higher production of by-products, including skins. The skin of local Indonesian rabbits is mostly used as fish feed and fertilizer due to the relatively poor quality of their fur. Rabbit skin can potentially be used as a more economical product such as edible film, due to its high protein content of 67.3% and collagen content of 28.8%. Protein and collagen from rabbit skin can be produced into good quality gelatine. Gelatine plays a vital role in developing biodegradable edible film packaging materials. Gelatine films offer a strong barrier against light, air and odour transfer, but they can be too brittle as packaging materials. This problem needs to be overcome by adding plasticizers such as glycerol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glycerol on the functional groups and physical, mechanical and colour properties of edible films made from rabbit skin gelatine. This experiment employed a completely randomised design with five glycerol treatments (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Each treatment was replicated four times. Data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The results show that there is a good affinity between biopolymers from rabbit skin gelatine and glycerol as indicated by the formation of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) bands. The level of glycerol used has a significant effect (P<0.05) on the mechanical, physical and colour properties. The best edible film from rabbit skin gelatine is produced with 10% glycerol
Educar migrantes: ¿a quién le importa educar migrantes?
Get PDFThis article presents the empirical results of a research that seeks to know the expectations that the migrant population in an irregular situation (PMSI) has regarding education, either during their transit or when they have to settle in Mexico.
With a qualitative methodology of descriptive scope uses the analysis of information through contrast template to arrive at the reflections that emerge from the data. Conclusions target to pay attention to that due to the mobility of the population under study, it is necessary to generate individual records as dynamic as the mobility of the PMSI and to reconsider the work involved in incorporating, perhaps temporarily, people on the move into school to that later join other educational institutions.Este artículo presenta los resultados empíricos de una investigación que busca conocer las expectativas que tiene sobre la educación la población migrante en situación irregular (PMSI) ya sea durante su tránsito o cuando tienen que establecerse en México.
La metodología cualitativa de alcance descriptivo utiliza el análisis de información mediante plantilla de contraste para arribar a las reflexiones que emergen de los datos. Las conclusiones apuntan a tener en cuenta que por la movilidad de la población bajo estudio se requieren generar registros individuales tan dinámicos como la movilidad de la PMSI y de reconsiderar el trabajo que implica incorporar, tal vez temporalmente a la escuela a las personas en movimiento para que posteriormente se incorporen a otras instituciones educativas
Aproximación al grafismo de Susana Torre; la axonometría como recurso simbólico de la idea espacial
Get PDFThe coherence between the idea of architectural space and the graphic expression used for its visualization is always a guarantee for any subsequent exercise of criticism. The graphic mechanisms used in its representation reveal, by themselves, the intention and investigation of the creation process, thus serving for its objective understanding and identification with its theoretical context. Under these premises, this article will analyze the recurrent use of the military perspective in some of the Susana Torre’s projects. This analysis will take into account factors such as their graphic expression, the chosen point of view and even chromaticism as a mechanism that evokes sensations and identities. The objective will be to verify the confluence between drawing and theoretical wills that include symbolic, political and social purposes expressed, by herself, in her academic texts. The conclusion will confirm the convergence that in her architecture represented the binomials reason-sensitivity, spirit-body or tradition-change.La coherencia entre la idea de espacio arquitectónico y la expresión gráfica utilizada para su visualización supone siempre un aval para cualquier ejercicio de crítica posterior. Los mecanismos gráficos utilizados en su representación delatan, por sí solos, la intención e investigación del proceso de creación, sirviendo así para su comprensión objetiva y para la identificación con su contexto teórico. Bajo dichas premisas, este artículo analizará la utilización recurrente de la perspectiva militar en algunos de los proyectos de la arquitecta Susana Torre (1944-…). Dicho análisis atenderá a factores como el propio grafismo, el punto de vista elegido e incluso el cromatismo como mecanismo evocador de sensaciones e identidades. El objetivo será comprobar la confluencia existente entre el dibujo y unas voluntades teóricas que incluyen finalidades simbólicas, políticas y sociales expuestas, por ella misma, en sus textos académicos. La conclusión confirmará la convergencia que en su arquitectura representaban los binomios razón-sensibilidad, espíritu-cuerpo o tradición-cambio.
Diseño tipográfico y patrimonio cultural: El caso de Universitas y Salmantina
Get PDFType design goes beyond mere functionality to become a vehicle for cultural memory. This article delves into the creation process of two typefaces intrinsically linked to the cultural and urban context of Salamanca: Universitas and Salmantina. Inspired by historical graphic elements, such as the university vítores that have adorned the walls of the University of Salamanca since the 16th century, these typefaces embody an effort to preserve and reinterpret cultural heritage in a contemporary format. Through a methodology that combines historical research, graphic design, and technology, this study examines how these inscriptions interact with their surroundings, highlighting the role of typography design in shaping cultural identities. The article addresses the technical challenges, aesthetic decisions, and cultural aspects involved in the development of Universitas (1997) and its evolution into Salmantina (2023). Both typefaces not only preserve the graphic legacy of the university vítores but also reinterpret their historical significance from a contemporary and functional perspective, showcasing the potential of typography design to bridge tradition and modernity.El diseño tipográfico trasciende la función utilitaria para convertirse en un vehículo de memoria cultural. Este artículo explora el proceso de creación de dos tipografías conectadas con el contexto cultural y urbano de Salamanca: Universitasy Salmantina. Inspiradas en elementos gráficos históricos, como los vítores universitarios que decoran los muros de la Universidad de Salamanca desde el siglo XVI, ambas tipografías representan un esfuerzo por preservar y reinterpretar el patrimonio cultural en un formato contemporáneo. A través de una metodología que combina investigación histórica, diseño gráfico y tecnología, se analiza cómo estas rotulaciones dialogan con su entorno, destacando el papel del diseño tipográfico en la construcción de identidades culturales. Este estudio aborda los desafíos técnicos, las decisiones estéticas y los aspectos culturales implicados en el desarrollo de Universitas (1997) y su evolución en Salmantina (2023). Ambas tipografías no solo preservan el legado gráfico de los vítores universitarios, sino que también reinterpretan su valor histórico desde una perspectiva contemporánea y funcional, demostrando el potencial del diseño tipográfico para conectar tradición y modernidad