Poli[Papers] (Universitat Politècnica de València)
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Meta-analysis of association of polymorphisms in growth hormone encoding gene with growth performance traits of rabbits
Full text linkThe growth hormone (GH) gene and its associated regulatory components play critical roles in regulating growth in rabbits and it has been suggested as a potential marker for marker assisted selection. However, the reported association between polymorphisms in GH gene and growth traits in rabbits remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study evaluated the association between polymorphisms in the GH gene and growth performance traits in rabbits using meta-analysis. A systematic review was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and studies reporting the association of GH polymorphisms with body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria. A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, from which 21 data points were extracted for the meta-analysis. SPSS software was used to calculate standardised mean differences, perform heterogeneity tests and publication bias assessment, while OpenMeta® Analyst software was used to conduct meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. Six genetic models including the codominant (three models), recessive, dominant and over-dominant were evaluated. GH gene polymorphisms significantly influenced BW under the co-dominant (CC vs. CT) and over-dominant (CT vs.CC+TT) models, with CT genotype exhibiting higher BW. However, no significant association was observed between GH gene polymorphisms and ADG under any genetic model. In addition, heterogeneity was significant across studies, with I² values exceeding 50% for all genetic models, suggesting that systematic differences rather than random sampling error contributed to the observed variations. Meta-regression identified location, genotyping method and breed as significant moderators influencing the association between GH gene polymorphisms and BW. These results suggest that GH gene variants, particularly the CT genotype, may serve as potential markers for improving growth traits in rabbits through selective breeding
Effect of different chromium supplementations on hormonal profiles, growth performance and seminal characteristics in NZW rabbits at sexual puberty age
Full text linkThis work studied the effects of nano-chromium (nano-Cr) and trivalent chromium (Cr III) on hormones, semen quality and growth traits in NZW rabbits at sexual puberty age. Thirty-six male rabbits (6-wk-old; 1200±4 g IBW) were penned into 3 groups (12/each): control, Cr (III) as CrCl3 (0.5 mg/animal/wk) and nano-Cr (0.5 mg/animal/wk). The doses were administered individually as oral sips and the study lasted 100 d, until the rabbits reached 20 wk of age. Both Cr (III) and nano-Cr treatments increased T3 and T4 levels with values of 1.22, 1.16, 2.85 and 2.72 ng/mL; P<0.01, respectively, compared to the control. Testosterone and IGF-1 concentrations were highest in the nano-Cr group, reaching 1.22 ng/mL and 0.84 ng/mL, respectively. The Cr (III) group showed the highest final body weight (3502 g), total gain (2367 g) and average daily gain (23.67 g/d), along with the best carcass weight (2710 g) and dressing percentage (77.38%). Reproductive performance was most improved by nano-Cr, which increased sperm concentration (71.87×10⁶/mL), ejaculate volume (0.86 mL), progressive motility (64.17%) and the percentage of live sperm (91.30%), while reducing libido by 6.85 s and nearly doubling the total viable sperm per ejaculate from 28.93×10⁶ to 56.41×10⁶. In conclusion, nano-Cr at 0.5 mg/animal/wk seems to be a more appropiate supplement for boosting reproductive traits in male rabbits at sexual puberty age, while Cr (III) (0.5 mg/ animal/wk) seems to be more useful for meat production purposes
Análisis gráfico de las dinámicas relacionales en sistemas patrimoniales: una metodología integral basada en grafos
Full text linkThe concept of Historic Urban Landscape promotes a holistic vision of heritage, generating unprecedented graphical demands. At present, it is essential to attain an accurate understanding not only of the physical elements, but also of the relationships between those elements and their surroundings. This article proposes a graphical methodology based on graph theory and the complementary use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyse these relationships. Using the Royal Alcázar of Seville as a case study, its links with the urban environment are explored. The methodology comprises three phases: database design, graph generation, and interpretation. The results show that this methodology facilitates the detection of patterns and interconnections, making it possible to assess the balance within heritage systems. This enables the development of informed diagnostics and broadens interpretative possibilities in the field of cultural planning and sustainable tourism.El concepto de Paisaje Urbano Histórico fomenta una visión holística del patrimonio, generando demandas gráficas inéditas. Actualmente, es ineludible el acceso a una comprensión precisa no solo de los elementos físicos, sino también de las relaciones entre esos elementos y el entorno. Este artículo propone una metodología gráfica basada en la teoría de grafos y el uso complementario de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para analizarlas. Con el Real Alcázar de Sevilla como caso de estudio, se exploran sus vínculos con el entorno urbano. La metodología consta de tres fases: diseño de una base de datos, generación de grafos e interpretación. Los resultados muestran que esta metodología facilita la detección de patrones e interconexiones y hace posible la evaluación del equilibrio en los sistemas patrimoniales. Esto hace posible la elaboración de diagnósticos informados y la ampliación de las posibilidades interpretativas en el ámbito de la planificación cultural y del turismo sostenible
Carlo Scarpa y la Villa Zoppas: reflexiones en torno a un dibujo
Full text linkOne of Carlo Scarpa’s most celebrated drawings corresponds to an unbuilt project: the floor plan for Villa Zoppas (Conegliano, 1953). A residence located in the province of Treviso, the surviving drawings of this project reflect and exemplify the architect’s creative process, based on the continuous reworking of ideas. The various versions of the house reveal a clear influence of Frank Lloyd Wright, whose thinking Scarpa studied in depth within a post-war context in which Italy was seeking new international references. Although never realized, the project is one of Scarpa’s most conceptually rich works, demonstrating a gaze toward America to reinterpret its principles from a European perspective, as part of his evolution toward a unique architectural language.Uno de los dibujos más célebres de Carlo Scarpa corresponde a un proyecto no construido, la planta para la Villa Zoppas (Conegliano, 1953). Una vivienda situada en la provincia de Treviso y los dibujos conservados de este proyecto reflejan y ejemplifican el proceso creativo del arquitecto basado en la reelaboración continua de ideas. Los dibujos de las versiones de la casa revelan una clara influencia de Frank Lloyd Wright, cuyo pensamiento Scarpa estudió a fondo en un contexto de posguerra en el que Italia buscaba nuevos referentes internacionales. El proyecto, aunque no ejecutado, es una de las obras conceptualmente más ricas de Scarpa, mostrando una mirada hacia América para reinterpretar sus principios desde una perspectiva europea, como parte de su evolución hacia un lenguaje arquitectónico propio
La arquitectura como excusa. Rafael Aburto, dibujante y pintor
No full textWhile it is true that one of the characteristics shared by the first generations of modern architects was their condition as artists in a broad sense, that is, their capacity for the skillful graphic representation of architecture through drawing and painting, the case of architect Rafael Aburto would be a paradigmatic example of one for whom architecture is in fact and on the contrary a subterfuge, a means to channel an explicit and unequivocal artistic vocation. Understanding pictorial art as a means of personal expression, Aburto —an extraordinary draftsman and a man with a markedly intimate personality— would end up at the end of his professional career dedicating himself expressly to painting, present during the previous decades in the plastic condition of an architecture that understood facades as canvases. This illustrated text presents and delves into this journey to highlight his figure and his legacy.Si bien es cierto que una de las características comunes a las primeras generaciones de arquitectos modernos era su condición de artistas en un sentido amplio, es decir, su capacidad para la virtuosa representación gráfica de la arquitectura a través del dibujo y la pintura, el caso del arquitecto Rafael Aburto sería un ejemplo paradigmático de aquél para quien la arquitectura es de hecho y por el contrario un subterfugio, un medio para canalizar una explícita e inequívoca vocación artística. Entendido el arte pictórico como medio de expresión personal, Aburto —un extraordinario dibujante y un hombre con una marcada personalidad intimista— terminaría al final de su carrera profesional dedicándose expresamente a la pintura, presente durante las décadas anteriores en la condición plástica de una arquitectura que entendía las fachadas como lienzos. Este texto ilustrado presenta y ahonda en esta singladura para poner en valor su figura y su legado
Social media addiction in high school students: examining its relationship with school burnout, fear of negative evaluation and cognitive avoidance
Full text linkToday, adolescents’ use of social media increasingly common, even including during school hours and class sessions. To address this issue and design effective interventions, it is essential to understand the psychological factors contributing to the overuse of social media. The current study examined connections among three important psychological constructs (school burnout, fear of receiving a poor grade, and cognitive avoidance) and high school students’ addiction to social media.. Research was conducted with 251 students of high school in the Turkish city center of the Western Black Sea Region. Among the participants, 57% (n = 143) were male and 43% (n = 108) were female, between the ages of 14 and 18.The Social Media Addiction Scale, the School Burnout Inventory, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire were among the self-report tools used to gather the data. The data was analyzed using path analysis. The findings indicated substantial positive correlations between school burnout, and social media addiction, fear of negative evaluation, and cognitive avoidance. Specifically, higher levels of school burnout, fear of negative evaluation, and cognitive avoidance were associated with increased levels of social media addiction. These findings imply that when students experience social anxiety, academic stress, or trouble regulating their emotions, they may resort to social media as a maladaptive coping strategy. Several suggestions are made for researchers, educators, parents, and legislators in light of these findings
Mario Ridolfi, guardería de Ivrea. Naturaleza, contingencia y proceso
Full text linkRidolfi built a nursery school in Ivrea, carving out space between existing buildings to create a mini community where children could recognize their school space as something distinct. The design process involved five versions between 1955 and 1961. Based on archival documentation, our own images, and analytical drawings of the design process and the completed work, we have analyzed the reasons behind the project: the needs of children, nature as part of the educational program, the diversity of spaces for activities and games, the search for alternatives in the network of circulation among the different parts, the creation of a world of its own for children through architecture, the dialogue with the pre-existing built environment and the natural one, and the versatility of the construction system. Two conclusions are worth highlighting. The first is the architect’s attention to the world of children and the fundamental role that nature plays in that world. The second is the understanding, based on the above, of the architect’s working method in this particular project and revealing an open and unpredictable spatial, formal, and material system that explores the contingent nature of the design process.Ridolfi construyó una escuela infantil en Ivrea haciéndose sitio entre los edificios preexistentes para levantar una mini-comunidad donde el niño reconociera su espacio-escuela como algo diferenciado. El proceso proyectual posee 5 versiones entre 1955 y 1961. A partir de la documentación de archivo, de imágenes propias y de dibujos analíticos del proceso de diseño y de la obra construida, hemos analizado las razones del proyecto: las necesidades de los niños, la naturaleza como parte del programa formativo, la diversidad de espacios de actividades y juegos, la búsqueda de alternativas en la red de circulaciones entre las partes, la creación desde la arquitectura de un mundo propio para el niño, el diálogo con el entorno construido preexistente y con el entorno natural, y la versatilidad del sistema constructivo. Cabe destacar dos conclusiones. La primera es la atención del arquitecto por el mundo del niño y el papel fundamental que en ese mundo juega la naturaleza. La segunda es la comprensión, a partir de lo anterior, del método de trabajo del arquitecto, en esta obra en particular, y el hallazgo de un sistema espacial, formal y material, abierto e impredecible que explora el carácter contingente del proceso de proyecto
El género en las políticas y programas de ONU-Habitat. Pasado y presente, 1978-2025
Full text linkThis article provides a detailed account of the development and present state of gender equality policies in human settlements within the UN system. The first section describes the institutionalization of policies addressing housing and the built environment within the UN: from the creation of the first agency called United Nations Center for Human Settlements in 1978, to the present-day UN-Habitat, their mandates, governance structure, and key policies. The second section presents the early development of gender equality policies at these agencies, which happened with certain delay and against the background of previous important efforts within the UN system, including its 1945 Charter, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) of 1978, and the Beijing World Women’s Conference of 1995. The third section considers the advances achieved during and between the international conferences Habitat II and Habitat III, the key role played by women’s organizations, and the consolidation of gender policies in human settlements at UN-Habitat, demonstrated during the process of developing the New Urban Agenda. The account shows how the integration of gender equality policies in human settlements at the UN has required and will continue to require fire from all sides, that is, continued pressure from outside by women’s organizations, support by governments, support from other UN agencies, and from internal forward-thinking UN personnel, as well as the uninterrupted contributions of professionals, academics and grassroots women.Este artículo ofrece una descripción detallada del desarrollo y la situación actual de las políticas de igualdad de género en los asentamientos humanos dentro del sistema de las Naciones Unidas. La primera sección describe la institucionalización de las políticas relacionadas con la vivienda y el entorno construido en el seno de las Naciones Unidas: desde la creación de la primera agencia denominada Centro de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos en 1978, hasta la actual ONU-Hábitat, así como sus mandatos, estructuras de gobierno y políticas clave. La segunda sección presenta el desarrollo inicial de las políticas de igualdad de género en estos organismos, que se produjo con cierto retraso y en el contexto de importantes esfuerzos previos dentro del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, entre ellos la Carta de 1945, la Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer (CEDAW) de 1978 y la Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer de Beijing de 1995. La tercera sección examina los avances logrados durante y entre las conferencias internacionales Hábitat II y Hábitat III, el papel clave desempeñado por las organizaciones de mujeres, y la consolidación de las políticas de género en los asentamientos humanos en ONU-Hábitat, demostrada durante el proceso de elaboración de la Nueva Agenda Urbana. El artículo muestra cómo la integración de las políticas de igualdad de género en los asentamientos humanos en el seno de las Naciones Unidas ha requerido y seguirá exigiendo un esfuerzo por todas las partes, es decir, una presión continua desde el exterior por parte de las organizaciones de mujeres, el apoyo de los gobiernos, el respaldo de otros organismos de las Naciones Unidas, la contribución del personal interno de las Naciones Unidas con visión de futuro, así como la aportación continuada de profesionales, académicas, y mujeres de base
Editorial VLC#12.2
No full textThe articles in this issue explore wise architectural approaches, demonstrating their enduring relevance in today's panorama. Thus, a reinterpretation of Walden 7 speaks to matters that persist, such as new models of cohabitation or the opportunity for spatial modulation. Built in the 1960s, a series of housing cooperatives in Uruguay invite us to reflect on intermediate spaces, not as functional waste, but as social infrastructure that sustains community life. With Mario Ridolfi, and his Ivrea Nursery School, we learn how to design for children using an open spatial system and remembering that the presence of nature is fundamental to childhood development. Two articles focus on architectural ideation, idea-seeds and the Headmaster's House archetype in Allison and Peter Smithson, and the diagram in the architectural ideation of Eisenman, Tschumi, OMA, and SANAA. Taking Anne Tyng, the first woman architect to enrol at Harvard, as the culmination of a process, we review the enduring relevance of demands for equality between men and women. And finally, we address the typological transformation of the Teatro de los Caños del Real in Madrid, which was converted into a ballroom by Ventura Rodríguez. In a way, all the articles in VLC#12.2 +Findings in Urbanism invite us to revisit and bring to the present memorable architectural works that help us wisely interpret the current architectural context, just as the recent floods in Valencia and the memory of those who are no longer with us remain vivid in our minds. In memoriam.Los artículos de este número abordan el estudio de arquitecturas sabias, que demuestran su valor por la vigencia de sus planteamientos en el panorama actual. Así, una relectura del Walden 7 nos habla de asuntos que aún persisten, como los nuevos modelos de cohabitación o la oportunidad de la modulación espacial. Construidas en la década de los 60, una serie de cooperativas de viviendas en Uruguay nos invitan a reflexionar sobre los espacios intermedios, no como residuos funcionales, sino como infraestructura social que sostiene la vida comunitaria. Con Mario Ridolfi y su guardería de Ivrea aprendemos los modos de diseñar para la infancia empleando un sistema espacial abierto y recordando que la presencia de la naturaleza es fundamental en la construcción de la niñez. Dos artículos versan sobre la ideación arquitectónica, las idea-seeds y el arquetipo Headmaster’s House en Allison y el diagrama en la ideación arquitectónica de Eisenman, Tschumi, OMA y SANAA. Tomando a Anne Tyng, primera arquitecta matriculada en Harvard, como culminación de un proceso, se repasa la vigencia de las reivindicaciones en favor de la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Y finalmente, se aborda la transformación tipológica del teatro de los Caños del Real de Madrid para servir como salón de baile por Ventura Rodríguez. De algún modo, todos los artículos de VLC#12.2 +Findings in Urbanism invitan a rememorar, a recordar y traer al presente arquitecturas memorables que nos permiten leer con sabiduría el contexto arquitectónico actual, al igual que en la memoria persisten bien presentes los recientes acontecimientos de las inundaciones en Valencia y la memoria de quienes ya no están. In memoriam
Vulnerabilidad estructural y necesidad de permanencia. La Capilla de San Vicente de Paul, Santiago de Chile
Full text linkRecovering architectural heritage poses challenges when buildings are susceptible to natural disasters. The San Vicente de Paul Lazareto in Santiago, Chile, built between 1872 and 1875, features unreinforced masonry and a vaulted wooden roof that forms coffered domes. Due to the threat of earthquakes, the restoration project aimed to preserve as many original elements as possible, limiting reconstruction to what was essential to ensure the building’s structural stability and durability. This text reflects on optimizing intervention strategies from technical and aesthetic perspectives in accordance with the building’s characteristics and values.Recuperar el patrimonio arquitectónico enfrenta desafíos cuando las edificaciones son vulnerables a riesgos naturales. El Lazareto San Vicente de Paul en Santiago de Chile fue construido entre 1872 y 1875 con muros de albañilería simple de ladrillo y techumbre abovedada de madera formando cúpulas encamonadas. Dada la amenaza sísmica, su intervención contempló conservar el máximo de elementos originales, limitando las reconstrucciones a lo esencial para asegurar la estabilidad estructural y durabilidad del edificio. El texto reflexiona sobre la optimización de estrategias de intervención desde el punto de vista técnico y estético, de acuerdo con las características y valores del edificio