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Transport and communications bulletin for Asia and the Pacific, No. 94 : road safety
Get PDFThe 94th issue presents articles on the theme of “Road Safety in Asia and the Pacific”.
Road safety remains a major challenge for sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region, where one person dies on the roads every 44 seconds. ESCAP calculations based on data from the Global Status Report on Road Safety published by the WHO in 2023 indicated that 59 per cent of global road fatalities occurred in this region. Although road fatalities declined by 7 percent between 2016 and 2021, the fatality rate in 2021 was 15.15 per 100,000 inhabitants, slightly higher than the global average of 15.05, with vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as motorcyclists, pedestrians, and cyclists accounting for 66.54 per cent of fatalities.
Road fatalities and injuries also place significant economic burden to our countries. In addition, the social consequences of road crashes are significant and not only limited to victims and their families but also spread over the entire nation. Therefore, reaching the road safety-related targets of the 2030 Agenda is critical to building safe and sustainable societies.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Target 3.6 aims to halve global road traffic deaths and injuries by 2030. This goal was reaffirmed by UN General Assembly Resolution 74/299, proclaiming 2021–2030 as the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety. To meet this target, the Asia-Pacific region must reduce road traffic fatalities by an average of 7.4 per cent annually from 2021 to 2030, as indicated by the latest WHO data.Editorial Statement vi Op-Ed Enhancing the Role of NGOs in Improving Road 1 Safety in the Asia-Pacific Region Global Alliance of NGOs for Road Safety Peer-reviewed Articles Youth-Led Road Safety Initiatives: Harnessing 11 Technology for Change in Viet Nam Quyen Bui, Shanna Lucchesi, Trang Truong, Le Nguyen, and Mirjam Sidik Consumer Awareness of Vehicle Safety Features 35 and ASEAN NCAP in Malaysia Salina Mustaffa, Yahaya Ahmad, Najihah Wahi, Sharifah Nabilah Nursyuhada, Syed Muhaimin, and Mohd Hafiz Johari Artificial intelligence-based traffic information and 45 enforcement system to enhance the safety of right turns at intersections Yeji Sung, Seung Hwan Kim, Nuri Park, Geunhwi Park, Juneyoung Park, and Saerona Choi Beyond the Lens: A Critical Review of Speed Camera 57 Performance in the Islamic Republic of Iran Mohsen Fallah Zavareh and Hormoz Zakeri Interview David Shelton, former Senior Transport Specialist 77 (Road Safety) of the Asian Development Bank Readership Survey 8
The landscape of B2C e-commerce marketplaces in Malaysia
Get PDFThis country brief is part of an eleven-part series exploring the landscape of B2C e-commerce marketplaces in various East Asian economies. This series offers in-depth insights into the traffic trends for active e-commerce websites, national established and emerging key players, main characteristics of the marketplaces, ease of online selling, the degree of specialization in terms of products as well as the products characteristics. For more project information visit https://www.unescap.org/projects/b2c Malaysia shows a particularly high internet penetration rate (97%) and a moderate proportion of its population purchases goods online (46%). In addition, the density of B2C marketplaces is middle ranging with 176 B2C marketplaces for a population of 33.9 million (capturing 6.1% of the total traffic in the region studied).
Over the period 2019-2022, traffic on the 176 B2C marketplaces has grown significantly, rising from 1 to 1.37 billion visits. Among them, online shopping malls account for the largest proportion of marketplaces (48.3%) and capture most of the traffic (81.3%).
The e-commerce market is dominated by domestic companies (31%) and closely followed by the United States (22%), and Singapore (8%). Of the total 176 B2C marketplaces, there is an important geographical diversity given the 26 other countries with companies holding B2C marketplaces.
The e-commerce market is highly concentrated with the Top 10 websites capturing 90.8% of total traffic. This Top 10 is largely dominated by online shopping malls, 6 in total, of which two Singaporean companies (Shopee and Lazada) account for 58.1% of the total traffic. Only one company from Malaysia appears in the third position with 12.2% of the total traffic.
Regarding the ease of selling on these B2C marketplaces, only 47% of them allow foreign sellers to operate and 56% offer open registration to online sellers. Almost half of these marketplaces are fully transactional (49%) and, as a corollary, 48% require trading fees to sell online.
Malaysia has a greater proportion of generic B2C marketplaces (61%) compared to specialized marketplaces (39%). The 69 specialized marketplaces’ traffic can be mainly attributed to three sectors: fashion/shoes (32%), groceries (31%), and automotive parts (26%).</p
Energy transition pathways for the 2030 agenda : SDG 7 road map for Mongolia
Get PDFThe key objective of this SDG 7 Road Map2 is to support the Government of Mongolia in assessing whether the existing policies and strategies are well aligned for achieving the SDG 7 and NDCs targets by 2030, and to present a series of options to bridge these gaps. This Road Map presents three core scenarios (business-as-usual (BAU), current policy and Sustainable Development Goal scenarios) that have been developed using national data, which consider existing energy policies and strategies and reflect on other development plans.
This Road Map also investigates two ambitious scenarios; the Sustainable Heating by 2030 scenario examines the pathways for Mongolia to transition to a heating system with increased use of sustainable energy sources, as well as to achieve its conditional NDC targets; and the Toward Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario offers policymakers a strategic viewpoint on how Mongolia could plan for a carbon-free energy sector in alignment with the global race to net zero carbon. </p
Course on promoting women’s entrepreneurship through digital transformation : policy track
No full textThe course aims to enhance the capacity of policymakers to formulate
policies that promote women digital entrepreneurship. It focuses on the
development and transformation of the digital economy in general, and
on the opportunities and challenges facing women digital entrepreneurs
in particular, (including women who are already digital entrepreneurs,
and women who wish or might wish to become digital entrepreneurs).
The course is designed to increase policymakers’ practical knowledge
and understanding in both areas. In addition, the international case
studies, examples, and workshop exercises in the course will enhance
policymakers’ critical thinking and strategic perspectives in developing
policy action plans, both to promote women digital entrepreneurship and
to improve the digital business environment. It is envisioned that women
digital entrepreneurs can be can be uplifted, becoming a vital sector in economic and social
development and growth, and helping countries to realise the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) in the Asia and the Pacific region.In many respects, this course relates to APCICT’s Women ICT Frontier
Initiative For Digital Transformation (WIFI DX) Women Entrepreneurs’ Track
programme, which was launched in April 2024 during the 80th Commission
Session of ESCAP. However, the course is not focused on the technical
aspects of the WIFI DX and digital business. Instead, it aims to enhance
the capacity of policymakers to develop policies to promote women
digital entrepreneurship. It should be noted that the contents of the
course should be customized to fit the socio-economic and environmental
context in particular countries.MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION: DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AND
TRANSFORMATION
MODULE 2: DIGITAL DIVIDE, DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DIVIDE, DIGITAL
DISRUPTIONS
Lesson 1: Digital Divide
Lesson 2: Digital Entrepreneurship Divide
Lesson 3: Digital Disruptions
MODULE 3: WOMEN’S DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: OPPORTUNITIES,
CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS
Lesson 1: Women Entrepreneurship
Lesson 2: Women Digital Entrepreneurship
MODULE 4: WORKSHOP: ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CONTEXT
MODULE 5: INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS OF DIGITAL BUSINESSES AND
TRANSFORMATION
MODULE 6: POLICY INITIATIVES TO EMPOWER AND PROMOTE WOMEN
DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MODULE 7: WORKSHOP TO PREPARE POLICY ACTION PLAN .
MODULE 8: INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES AND VIDEOS .
COURSE WRAP UP AND SUMMARY
ANNEX
REFERENCE
The landscape of B2C e-commerce marketplaces in Indonesia
No full textThis country brief is part of an eleven-part series exploring the landscape of B2C e-commerce marketplaces in various East Asian economies. This series offers in-depth insights into the traffic trends for active e-commerce websites, national established and emerging key players, main characteristics of the marketplaces, ease of online selling, the degree of specialization in terms of products as well as the products characteristics. For more project information visit https://www.unescap.org/projects/b2c Indonesia shows a moderate internet penetration rate (66%) and a large proportion of its population purchases goods online (65%). Nevertheless, the density of B2C marketplaces is particularly low with a total of 155 e-commerce websites for a population of 275.5 million (27.2% of the total traffic in the region studied).
Over the period 2019-2022, traffic on the 155 B2C marketplaces has grown significantly, apart from a slight decrease in 2020, from 5.2 to 6.1 billion visits. Among them, online shopping malls account for the largest proportion of marketplaces (47.1%) and capture almost the entire traffic (93.8%). The e-commerce market is dominated by domestic companies (32%), but closely followed by the United States (26%), Singapore and China (6% each). Of the total 155 B2C marketplaces, there is an important geographical diversity given the 22 other countries with companies holding B2C marketplaces.
The e-commerce market is highly concentrated with the Top 10 websites capturing 92.9% of total traffic. This Top 10 is led by online shopping malls, 6 in total, of which two Singaporean companies (Shopee and Lazada) account for 46.7% of the total traffic. Six other marketplaces are held by domestic companies driving 44% of the total traffic.
Regarding the ease of selling on these B2C marketplaces, only 42% of them allow foreign sellers to operate and 55% offer open registration to online sellers. Only half of these marketplaces are fully transactional (50%) and, as a corollary, 49% require trading fees to sell online.
Indonesia has a balanced proportion of generic (55%) and specialized B2C marketplaces (45%). Among the 70 specialized marketplaces, 32% specialize in automotive parts, and 29% specialize in fashion, and accessories. But the traffic dynamics also show that consumer preferences lean towards purchasing baby products (50% of the total traffic).</p
Agenda. Event on Sustainable Trade and Circularity under the SPECA Working Group on Trade
No full textSession IV : Advancing climate-smart trade through sustainable trade,trade facilitation, digitalization, and circularity, under the SPECA Working Group on Trade Dushanbe, 26 November 2024This policy brief for session IV of the 2024 SPECA Economic Foru
