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National assessment framework on enabling environment, technology innovation ecosystem for making sustainable energy options affordable and accessible (For Indonesia and Lao People’s Democratic Republic)
Get PDFA. National Scenario for Sustainable Energy
1. General Information 2
2. Resource Availability and Access 5
3. Need and Demand for Energy 7
4. Energy Demand-Supply Gap 8
5. Current and Potential Market for Energy Services 8
6. Energy Efficiency 9
B. Technology Enabling Environment and Ecosystem 9
1. Government Initiatives to Promote Sustainable Energy Technologies (SETs) 9
2. Institutional and Human Resource Development Framework 10
3. RE and SET Manufacturing Capacity 11
C. Business Enabling Environment and Ecosystem 12
1. Financing of SETs and Delivery Services and Risk Management 12
2. Project and End User Financing Options 13
3. Promotion of Participation of Private Sector In RE 13
D. Business Models for SET Delivery 14
1. Character with Associated Factors 14
2. Service Provision and Distribution Mechanism 15
3. Country-specific Risks that Could Impede Project Implementation 15
E. Social-Economic Factors 15
1. Social factors 16
2. Affordability and Accessibility 16
F. South-South Cooperation 18
Case Studies
1. ESD and RERED, Sri Lanka 20
2. Solar Lantern Rental Systems, Laos 26
3. Improved Water Mill, Nepal 32
4. Small Power Producer (SPP) & Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) Program,
Thailan
Mechanization solutions for improved livestock management and prevention and control of zoonotic diseases
Get PDFAnimal husbandry plays an important role in the agricultural industry. However, since the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic which has become a global crisis affecting human health and economic and social development, increased attention has been devoted to zoonotic diseases and measures for their prevention and control. Due to various factors such as weaknesses in anti-epidemic measures and social and cultural contexts, the AsiaPacific region has always been an area with a high incidence of zoonotic diseases, causing significant losses to the livestock farming industry, threatening human health and safety, and people’s livelihood and food security.
About 60% of human infectious diseases originate from animals. The mechanization of livestock farming can play an important role in the prevention and control of zoonosis. Owing to its outstanding characteristics on procedural and standardized operation, mechanical equipment has better execution functionality in biological prevention and control, which can avoid failure of prevention and control caused by human factors to a great extent. Mechanized equipment kills pathogens more reliably and is more effective in blocking transmission routes. Mechanized prevention and control solutionsthus offer key advantages. At the same time, many mechanical equipment used in production chains of large-scale livestock farming can improve the management of the livestock farming industry, improve labor productivity, increase farming efficiency, improve the quality of livestock products, and reduce the load on the environment. Its role is also vital to improve food and nutrition security and animal welfare. Overall, it has high relevance for various Sustainable Development Goals including Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3), and Sustainable Consumption and Production (SDG 12).</p
Government budget and the sustainable development goals : the Philippine experience
Get PDFThe Philippine planning and budgeting systems are well placed in terms of their capacity to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and could serve as a useful reference for other countries. First, all the SDGs can be mapped into the priorities of the Philippines Development Plan (PDP). Greater congruence between the SDG indicators, on the one hand, and the PDP Results Matrices indicators, on the other, improves the integration of SDG implementation and PDP implementation. Second, the considerably improved and fairly strong emphasis on results and performance of the existing government budgeting system provides a solid foundation for linking the annual budget with the PDP and the SDGs so that limited resources are allocated and spent on programmes that achieve the desired societal goals and outcomes. Given the breadth and scope of the SDGs, however, this study supports incipient efforts to put in place an SDG expenditure tagging exercise to assist policy makers in evaluating the effectiveness of the SDG-related programmes of various government agencies and in prioritizing its limited resources. At the same time, it recommends that current efforts towards SDG localization be intensified given that recent Supreme Court ruling on the Mandanas-Garcia IRA petitions which will effectively increase the share of local governments in national taxes.Contents
I. Introduction...................................................................................................2
II. Mainstreaming of the SDGs in the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) and
their localization in the regional/local development plans.............................3
III.Public expenditure management and the SDGs...........................................10
A. Political commitment to link agencies’ budgetary programmes and the PDP and
SDGs...........................................................................................................................10
B. Results- and performance-orientation in the existing public expenditure
management (PEM) system.......................................................................................11
1. Planning-budget linkage and results-orientation of budget..............................11
2. Budget-results linkage and performance orientation of the budget.................22
3. Reporting and performance monitoring ............................................................23
IV. Government revenue mobilization, tax policy and the SDGs ......................23
A. Tax reform, government revenue generation and the SDGs....................................25
B. Tax reform, changes in tax structure, incentives to households and firms and
the SDGs.....................................................................................................................26
1. Taxation of tobacco and alcoholic products and health outcomes. ..................26
2. Taxation of sweetened beverages (SBs) and health outcomes. ........................28
3. Taxation of petroleum products.........................................................................30
V. Summary and recommendation ..................................................................31
A. Philippine experience to date: lessons and issues ....................................................31
1. Linking planning and budgeting systems and the SDGs.....................................31
2. Government revenue mobilization and tax policy reform.................................32
B. Recommendations.....................................................................................................33
References .....................................................................................................3
Setting sustainability standards for the financial system in Asia-Pacific
Get PDFClimate change represents an enormous risk to the financial system. The financial system faces two different kinds of climate-related risks: physical risks, arising from damage to property, infrastructure and land; and transition risk, a result from exposure to industries not built around the economics of low-carbon emissions. Both risks run divergent to each other. This means, in case urgent and drastic measures to combat climate change are taken, transition risk will increase while, in case Governments and other stakeholders fail to combat climate change, physical risks will soar. Consequently, there is no scenario where both risks can be avoided and hence it is imperative that they are recognized within the financial system
Policy responses to COVID-19 : addressing the impact of the pandemic on tourism in Asia-Pacific small island developing states
Get PDFThe collapse of tourism resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic will have a profound impact on the Asia-Pacific small island developing States because of their high reliance on tourism rents. The pandemic will disproportionally influence the lives and well-being of the poorest and the most vulnerable, including workers in the informal sector. Addressing this challenge requires both broad mitigation measures to counteract the consequences of the outbreak as well as specific policies to support local tourism-related businesses and affected communities. For Governments that do not have the fiscal space, adequate concessional assistance from the international community will be critical. At the same time, however, long-term efforts for the sustainable development of the tourism sector should not be undermined, particularly by taking full advantage of their blue economy potential – a concept depicting sustainable use of vast oceanic resources – to foster their development
Measuring participation in global value chains, and developing supportive policies : a user guide
No full textIn order to deepen integration of East Asia and Latin America, there is a need to analyze existing Global Value Chains (GVCs) within and between the two regions. This user guide is designed to equip researchers with the tools necessary to understand and use value added decompositions of trade data. Such decompositions are key to the quantitative analysis of trade within GVCs and the various linkages across sectors and countries that they imply. Exercises in this user guide are based on ADB MRIO data, now covering 73 countries and 35 sectors. The analysis shows a basic Leontief decomposition into value added components, and discusses the limitations of that approach. It then presents examples of how to perform policy analysis based on those data. All analysis is accompanied by transparent Stata code in which each analytical step is made explicit; all data and .do files are freely available with the user guide. Rather than focus on proofs and derivations, the interest of the user guide is in understanding the intuition and policy-relevance of this approach, as well as relevant limitations. Readers will be equipped to undertake their own analysis, principally using decompositions made available by ADB, but also by using appropriate software to calculate their own decompositions.
Stata codes are available HERE</a
Annual report 2019 : the Asian and Pacific Centre for the Development of Disaster Information Management
Get PDFIn May 2015, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), adopted Resolution 71/11 to establish the Asian and Pacific Centre for the Development of Disaster Information Management (APDIM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran as a regional institution of the Commission. APDIM was established with the objective to reduce human losses, material damages and the negative impact of natural hazards through enhancement of disaster information management in Asia and the Pacific
IPRs, creative economies and localized development initiatives
Get PDFCreativity and innovation play increasingly important roles in modern societies. In both developed and developing countries alike, artistic, scientific and economic creativity accounts for significant portions of GPD and trade in creative goods is an increasingly important contributor to global trade flows. Regardless of the importance of creativity and innovation to our economies, the concept of creative economies remains somewhat underdeveloped and underutilized, largely due to difficulties in coming to consensus with regards to which behaviors, economic activities and resulting industries to include. This paper has examined the connections between local creative economies and IPRs regimes and we propose that creative economies are defined as comprising of the primary results of artistic, scientific and economic creativity that fall under the protection of main types of IPRs such as patents, trademarks and copyrights. From this new vantage point, this paper notes that local administrations and policymakers have various localized development intervention instruments that can promote creative economies at their disposal. Of these instruments, the One Village One Product movement, which originated from Japan’s Oita prefecture stands out as a particularly robust project framework for promoting local creative economies. This paper also provided an assessment of the objectives, methodologies and applications of the movement across numerous countries and it showed that OVOP programmes have been successfully implemented in a variety of settings. With localized product development and export promotion at its heart, the OVOP programme has proven to be particularly flexible and adaptable to a wide range of policy objectives – ranging from rural poverty alleviation to brand agriculture and SME development – and operational settings with both developed to developing economies findings success under the OVOP movement. The paper concludes with an in-depth assessment of the UNIDO, Thai, Malawi and Nepalese models of OVOP implementation. These models and examples of direct application are presented to local administrators and policymakers as guidance and inspiration of how OVOP programmes can be implemented in support of creative economies
Delegate assessment of the Committee on Environment and Development, sixth session, 9-10 December 2020
No full textThe sixth session of the Committee on Environment and Development (CED-6) was held from 9-10 December 2020 as a hybrid meeting, welcoming both in-person participation at the UN Conference Centre in Bangkok and through the KUDO virtual platform.
The Committee session discussed on the region's environmental challenges in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and focused on necessary actions across four key environmental domains critical to the Asia-Pacific region:
Raising Climate Ambition
Safeguarding Ecosystem Health
Clean Air for All
Cities for a Sustainable Future.
The Committee reviewed the Secretariat's analysis of these issues and opportunities to strengthen regional cooperation to accelerate progress against the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. In advance of the CED-6, the Environment and Development Division delivered an Executive Training programme from 23-27 November 2020, structured around the aforementioned key environmental domains as a means to inform the discussions at the Committee.
Further, the Committee also decided to establish a Technical Expert Group on Environment and Development to enhance regional exchange and to mobilize technical expertise in support of the Commission's efforts to accelerate environmental and sustainable development action.</p