University of Malakand Journals
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The Administration of Religion in Pakistan
Full text linkSince its independence, Pakistan's religious landscape has been shaped by complex historical, political, and sectarian dynamics, particularly involving the Deobandi and Barelvi schools of thought. Politically, the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI), representing the Deobandi school, and the Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan (JUP), representing the Barelvi school, have sought to influence Pakistan’s Islamic identity. This article examines the establishment of the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MRA) in 1974, which was a response to the country’s political and religious dynamics. It explores the reasons behind the MRA’s failure to achieve its intended objectives, focusing on its politicization, inconsistent priorities, and limited scope. This lack of clear focus reflects broader challenges in Pakistan’s religious governance, further exacerbated by the fragmented nature of Sunni Islam in the country. Additionally, the absence of a centralized, professionalized religious bureaucracy has resulted in insufficient training for religious leaders (imams), whose appointments are often driven by communal politics rather than merit or qualifications. The paper argues that the lack of a coherent and centralized religious administration undermines efforts to promote sectarian harmony, cohesion, and quality of religious education. It concludes that a revitalized, independent MRA, free from political influence, could create a more effective system for managing religious affairs and addressing these systemic issue
Effects of occurences on Pashto Poetry
Full text linkPashto Literature reflects the social, Cultural and historical context of Pashto Society. Occurrences like social change, conflict and war have considerably influenced Pashto Literature, determining its topics, thematic part, stylistic approach, figurative techniques, and social impact. Pashto literature donates to a sagacity of national uniqueness and gratification among Pashtuns. History is generated and originated from the happenings around the world. Various aspects influences history such as subjectivity, partiality, missing arguments whereas in literature other benefits except aesthetic scenes, facts and feelings are often ignored, which are more acceptable among people. Pashto literature in its beginning showing us bravery, courage, satisfaction in battles which represent ancient society. Coming a step ahead, these characteristics of Pashto literature are replaced with Suffiazm, divine love, religious quest, and adoration of nature, hostility, leadership, sectarianism, nationalism, freedom of speech, patriotism, and extremism. This research paper will focus how Pashto literature and its verities of themes converted and stored? How Pashto writers reflect and respond to the occurrences happening around them
اسلام کے قانون جنگ میں انسانیت کا مفاد و نقصان: ایک حقیقت پسندانہ جائزہ
No full textUnderstanding global philosophies of peace and war necessitates reflection on two fundamental aspects of human nature. First, humans are innately inclined toward peace, as their essential needs, life goals, and the very structure of the universe favor coexistence and harmony. War, by contrast, obstructs these aims and contradicts the natural human disposition.
Second, human nature also contains a potential for evil, influenced further by external forces such as Satan. This inclination fuels greed, power struggles, and injustice, often compelling others to defend themselves, making war a necessity in specific contexts. Thus, warfare, though undesirable, becomes a justified response under the law of necessity.
The paper examines how different civilizations and legal traditions have responded to these realities—whether they upheld war as a last resort or normalized it as a tool of power. It investigates whether a given philosophy seeks lasting peace or merely postpones future conflict. Through this lens, the study aims to identify the war doctrines that truly serve humanity’s moral and collective interest
Phonetic Variations in Yousafzai Dialect: A Corpus-Driven Phonetic Analysis of Thanewal Accent
Full text linkThis research study aims to identify and understand the rules that govern the phonetic variation in the Thanewal accent of the Yousafzai dialect of the Pashto Language. This study is the pioneer study in observing the phonetic variation of the Thanewal accent. The Thanewal accent is spoken by thousands of people in Thana town of district Malakand. The researchers in the current study have collected data through the focus group technique of data collection with 7 participants belonging to Thana. A list of 50 words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adjectives) has been identified, showing potential deviation from the normal Yousafzai dialect. The data analysis shows that the people in Thana deviate from the normal Pashto accent when pronouncing certain verbs, nouns, adjectives, and pronouns. Therefore, this corpus-based research study considers the accent spoken in Thana separate and distinct from other accents spoken in the Pashtun belt of Southeast Asia
A study of Resistance,Meaning,Definition and Evolution
Full text linkThere are many types of resistance, i.e social resistance, political resistance, cultural resistance and personal resistance but in literature resistance refers to the way of expression in different forms of poetry to oppose and challenge dominant power whether they are social, cultural or political. Many literacy masterpieces have been produced due to the resistance of individual or groups. This paper throws light on the literal meaning and cocepts of different philosophers about resistance. More over it also depicts light on the historical evolution of resistance in different eras
Role of Swat state in development of Pashto Language and Literature
Full text linkThe valley of Swat has the potential to give birth to eminent Pashtoon heroes who remained identical symbols of this soil. Swat is a key point for the visitors, Researchers, Tourist and Invaders; came to this paradise’s piece on the earth. They came here for their specific purposes and some of them occupied it due to its rich natural, historical, cultural and geopolitical position. In the year 1917, a ruler i.e Mian Gul Abdul Wadood alias Wali sahib took the charge of this area. A genius, good organizer and having strong foresight carried swat state to its peak. He brought tremendous changes for the wellbeing and welfare of the Swat State. In the reformation and positive changes brought by him, the most important one of them was establishing Pashto as the official language of the State, receiving official prestige Pashto Language flourished in various aspects. This Language and its Literature luxuriantly developed by his extraordinary focus on Pashto. He wrote all his orders/commands and advices in pure Pashto Language having aesthetic sense these orders are in beautiful handwriting. These rulers valued/appreciated; writers/poets and philosophers of the era and honored them with awards/Titles and incentives. This paper will highlights the efforts taken for the sake of Pashto Language and Literature and will provide foundations for the development of Pashto. It will also highlight that what were the consequences that Pashto Language was selected as an official Language of the State and what were the strategies taken for the protection of Pashto Language and Literature. In this context Swat State, Language, Literature, Good Governance, Sovernity, geopolitical position will be analyzed in depth
پاکستان میں گھریلو تشدد کے قوانین: اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں موافق و متصادم دفعات کا جا ئزہ
No full textDomestic violence is one of the important problems among the social problems of present era; all the countries and societies are equally affected from it. And this is having a bad effect on the family system. In tenth to seven women who experience the violence in their daily routine. Apart from the women, the incidence of domestic violence against the children has reached a minimum. And daily basis, where six women are murdered or attempted murdered, eight are raped, 11 are battered and assaulted and the 32 are abducted. In addition to this, beating them for no reason, abusing them, subjecting them to mental torture, sexually assaulting them, making the children who work in the house victims of violence, subjecting them to all kinds of torture, on the elderly, weak and poor people. Even men are subjected to violence. The purpose of this research paper is what is domestic violence? What is the situation of domestic violence in Pakistan society? Islam advises us to be kind and kind to others, forbids the violation of relationships and gives such teachings that can deal with evils such as violence. So, the Muslims ask us to be peaceful with others and not to beat them. It is ordered to refrain. And it commands to love others and fulfill their rights. And guidance for this is taught through the Qur'an and Sunnah. The purpose of these laws is to protect women, to eradicate social evils, to deal with increasing crimes, to empower women, to end wrongful customs, social equality and to end domestic violence. For this reason, the objectives behind the creation of laws have been seen. And the effects of these laws on individuals and society have been examined. Thanks to these laws, there has been a reduction in the rate of violence in society. Poor and vulnerable people are oppressed. They have proved to be helpful and helpful in getting rid of the clutches. The word of justice and fairness has been raised
ربط سور و آیات کی تحریری و تقریری خدمات میں مولانا حسین علی الوانی ؒاور مولانا حمید الدین فراہیؒ کا تقابلی جائزہ
No full textThe Holy Qur'an, which is the source of guidance for the people in the Hereafter, contains numerous subjects which are closely related to each other. In fact, it is a miracle of the Holy Qur'an that its subjects are linked together in such a way that the mind of the reader cannot even have a suspicion of boredom ad he would get opportunities to extract many pearls from this boundless sea. is If it is considered, language and connection are necessary for each other, so if this connection is not in the speech of the creature, it will be devoid of effect and it will not have any importance in the eyes of people. In the same way, the word of God cannot be unrelated because it is the word of Allah, the Exalted, in which each chapter has a link with another chapter and each verse has a link with another verse like a chain. And this is a good sign of the coherence and eloquence of this speech. Therefore, the commentators also did not leave the foot of connection and compatibility and described the connection and compatibility of each surah with the first and subsequent surahs, for example, they write about Surah Al-Baqara that Tawheed in Surah Al-Fatiha before it. was briefly mentioned, so there is a detailed mention of Tawheed in this Surah, guidance was prayed for in Surah Al-Fatiha, while in Surah Al-Baqarah, acceptance is also included with supplication. Similarly, in the first Surah, the straight path was mentioned, while in Surah Al-Baqarah, it is guided towards it through the Book of Dhul-Katab
THE CONCEPT OF AESTHETICS IN RAHMATULLAH DARD'S POETRY
Full text linkThis article is written about the aesthetic concepts in the poetry of one of Pashto modern poets Rahmatullah Dard. Dard's aesthetic thoughts encompass wide array of ideas such as theory of objectivity and subjectivity, Utilitarianism, Einfuhlung, aesthetic unity, dynamic theory of aesthetics etc. Furthermore, this article briefly discusses various aspects of beauty hidden in Dard's poetry i.e., aesthetic sense, aesthetic taste, sublimity, notion of association, delicacy/tenderness, brackishness and perfectionism
Progressivism in Fazal Ahmad Ghar's Poetry
Full text linkFazal ahmad Ghar is a prominent poet of the twentieth century in Pashto literature. Although, directly or indirectly, he was not associated with any progressive movement, like other poets of his age, he is also influenced by progressivism. His poetry is a reflection of contemporary society. This paper is an attempt to analyze his poetry and to elaborate the impact of progressivism in it