University of Malakand Journals
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Christian-Muslim Encounters: A Historical Overview toward Early Muslims
Full text linkChristian-Muslim encounter is not new but issues regarding both communities are not ending even in the postmodern time. This research also aims to track out the benefits for both communities in the mutual interaction in whole history which covers not only religious perceptive but also political, economic and sociological motives. The study intends to explore the history of relations between Christians and Muslims towards Islamic traditions and Muslims society. It also explores the conflicts and remedial activates by happening covenants and treaties between both communities. For this study, basic sources of Islamic traditions are evaluated to analysis the Muslim perception accordingly. How they adopted the way out for remedies of the conflicts among both communities? What they participated in the treaties between Christians and Muslims? Is there any positive sense from divine guidance for Muslims to invite the Christians for social coexistence to live in the state? The minorities and Non-Muslims have right to stay in Muslim states according to Sharī‘ah Objective. Therefore the present study opens new horizons for further research among new comers in this field
THE ROLE OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT FROM 1901-1930
Full text linkKhyber Pakhtunkhwa remained a part of the Punjab when it was separated from Punjab in 1901. This province was kept deprived from its constitutional rights and the act of 1909 and Act of 1919 was not extended to it. However, the people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, former NWFP played a key role in Freedom Movement. They took an active part in all offshoots of Freedom Movement like Handkerchief Movement, Caliphate Movement, Hijrat Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. Though the province was under the influence of Congress, yet the hearts of the people of this province were beating with Muslim League
Purification of thought and development of character (In the light of Islamic teachings)
Full text linkThe main objective of the Holy Qur'an is to facilitate and assure man's well-being in this life and his interest in the next. Ashraf al-Makhluqat is a title given to a person. However, a human person is comprised of eight separate individuals and can assume a variety of forms. Allah Ta'ala made man aware that he can choose between good and evil through the use of his intellect and conscience. In what respects does this pass the free will and agency test? Standardizing the teaching of generations on secular and religious subjects is crucial to paving the way to redemption and prosperity. He is contemplating his heritage (religion). Change is impossible unless accompanied by something. The Muslim Ummah must be informed immediately of this action plan so that the Prophet's Companions, may God bless them and grant them peace, can grow into a formidable organization as a result of the Prophet's (ﷺ) revolutionary revolution.
Today, the same structure and training are still required. The evolution of personality, biography, and character is an exciting subject of psychology. Strength of faith, excellent deeds, essential principles of well-being, detachment from language and futility, environment, purity in employing personality-building attributes, and acquired style with moderation. Thinking, Mindfulness is necessary to possess all of these skills Utilizing modern technological innovation
Design of Islamic Financing Product for Residential Solar PV Systems- The case of Pakistan
Full text linkPakistan is posed with energy crisis with ever increasing demand, import dependent and dirty fuel-mix, unsustainable costs, transmission losses, leading to mounting revenue deficits a.k.a circular debt. Diffusion of residential solar generation is viewed as an economically efficient pathway for driving a transition to clean energy sources. The country is facing slow uptake of residential solar generation, despite of superior solar resource, government incentives, and steep decline in equipment cost. The primary reason of slow growth in adoption of PV generation systems is lack of awareness among the stakeholders including policy-maker, households and the financiers. Also, given the high upfront cost, the lack of financing facilities is a major impediment towards wide-scale adaption of residential solar generation. In this pretext, this paper aims to inform the household and financial institution by presenting the (i) the locational Solar PV generation potential by computing levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for 130 districts across 6 provinces in Pakistan; and subsequently (ii) design and evaluate a financing product for residential solar PV Systems for Islamic Banks operating in the country. First, we review the financing mechanism for residential solar as practiced across the world. Second, based on our survey and interviews with solar vendors and bankers, economic payoffs (payback period, NPV and IRR) both for household (borrower) and banks (lender) are modelled. The Shari'ah structure target market, marketing strategies, vendor integration, and cost-benefit analysis for the proposed financing product is also presented. Finding suggests monetary benefits for both bank and households. Modelled cashflows from bank’s perspective favors an unsecured product, contrary to that of household borrower who is better-off with a secured/collateralized product. Evaluation of latent parameters like the ‘Risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC) resolves the bank-borrower paradox and favors a secured financing product
The Concept of Combination of Contracts in Islamic Finance
Full text linkIslamic banking is currently facing many modern challenges, the most important of which is the innovation in products. New products are rapidly being introduced in modern conventional financial institutions on daily basis, while the launch of new products in Islamic banking seems to be stagnant. In order to compete with traditional banking in the current era of marketing, it is necessary to focus on introducing attractive products for Islamic banks. Combination of contracts is a method through which products can be made up of two or more contracts, such as “diminishing musharakah” consisting of partnership, lease and sale contracts. However, it is a much more complex process than it seems, in which it is very important to take care of many important principles from a Shariah point of view, otherwise the reputation of an institution will be tarnished if a wrong product is found to be illegitimate from a Shariah point of view. The concept of “combination of contracts” is the concept through which new products can be engineered in Islamic financial system. However, there are various concepts confuses the researchers to differentiate combination of contract from them. After differentiating the combination of contract from those concepts, this article explains the guidelines for the financial engineers of Islamic financial institutions regarding combination of contracts, which will help in the formulation of the new product according to the Shariah principles
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONSONANTS OF ENGLISH AND PASHTO; THE CASE OF PASHTO AND ENGLISH FRICATIVES
Full text linkThe present study aims to conduct a contrastive phonetic analysis of the consonants of English and Pashto languages by looking into those deviant consonants of English which pose problems to the Pashto speakers during learning English. The acoustic comparative phonetic analysis of the English consonants pronounced by Pashto speakers as compared with those of the RP speakers revealed certain similarities and differences during the production of the English consonants in the English words’ initial, medial and final positions in terms of the manner and place of articulation as revealed by the analysis of speech samples through Praat. The study found that Pashto speakers with English background can pronounce fricativeconsonants likeس/s/,ﺰ/z/, ش/ʃ/,ﮋ/ʒ/,andﻩ/ɦ/native like, though with slight variations in ش/ʃ/,ﮋ/ʒ/and the fricativeconsonantslike ﻒ /ɸ/was pronounced quite different by Pashto speakers than the English fricative /f/. Similarly, the fricativeconsonants like ﺥ/χ/,ښ/X/,ﻍ/ɣ/, ﺹ/sˤ/, ﻆ /zˤ/, ث/θ/, ﺫ/ð/,andﺡ /ħ/ exist in Pashto but are not found in English but which play a pivotal role in Pashto spoken and written language. The fricative ﻉ /ʕ/was observed to be pronounced as a definite fricative by Pashto speakers as compared to the RP speakers who rather pronounce this sound only when they golttalize certain vowels and consonants. The study recommends that the teachers of English at college level should properly train the Pashto L1 learners of English in the pronunciation of English fricative consonants to acquire correct English pronunciation and expose them to the essential similarities and differences of the consonants of Pashto and English languages during class room situations so that their hurdle of intelligibility may be overcome for successful communication with the native speakers of English
Orientalism and Arabic Language: Evolutionary Analysis
Full text linkThis article mainly focuses on the Orientalism related to the Arabic language and literature that dates back to the early Middle Ages when the West started to awaken, and the era of European Renaissance commenced heavily relying on the intellectual legacy built by the Islamic Civilisation spanning from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal, Southern France) to the North Africa, Middle East and Asia. This civilisation was established in the early 7th century while it not only absorbed knowledge from the Byzantine, Persia, Ancient Greek and India but also contributed into it and later the same diverse wisdom was transferred by the Orientalists to the West.
As a matter of fact, the interaction between Orientalism and Arabic language has passed through different phases and seems clearly divided between two schools of thought. One of them consists of the orientalists who are impartial and fairly acknowledge the contributions of Islam and Arabic language to the Human Civilisation while the other one is utterly biased and always tries by all means to malign Islam, Arabic and everything related to them. This process continues in the same pattern and there are both of negative and positive outcomes of it. This article aims to analyse this evolutionary process with a balanced approach but historical and critical perspective
Rulings on magic and magician in the light of the Sunnah (Objective modern study)
Full text linkIn the ancient past devilry (conjuring) was in full swing but it is a matter of daily practice ever today. Devilry is a despicable thing for all the people of the society. The conjurer uses it to gain his own shitty objectives but on the other hand this practice is very fatal for the society as a whole. A place where devilry is common so its inhabitants are moving away from Allah
The path of straightness day by day and resultantly they lost faith on Allah's decision and fatalities. Whereas people adore devilry and conjuring for they seek the solutions of every problem in conjuring. Similarly, the people who are the victims of devilry, they suffer from various psychological and physical diseases especially headache and tend nous pain. Similarly it also leads to suspicions. According to a report, immodesty and sexual tendencies are also the fruit of devilry. It also leads to the separation of husband and wife. The evils like the discredit of time, lack of struggle, laziness, negligence and lack of interest in work are also the product of devilry. In short, devilry and conjuring both are fatal for the society. Sunnah Nabvi (S.A.W) taught us the ways of protection for these two evil. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the Muslims to follow the Sunnah so that society remains safe from the poisonous effect of devilry
Eligible Persons for election and their important principles: in the light of opinions of jurists and righteous caliphs
Full text linkFor the development and integrity of Islamic organization, it is essential to have the right system and apt people. In the absence of these two features, the country cannot progress, neither can the problems of the Muslims inhabiting that country be solved in appropriate manner, nor the ideology whose responsibility of propagation is assigned to the members of the organization, can sustain. In the end, none of the people who had endured the pains and tribulations for the supremacy and propagation of such ideology will remain steadfast. It is indispensable to appoint competent and upright persons in the positions of authority within the organization. When the appointments meet merit, and the same is done while keeping the laws of Shariah to the fore, then the center, the appointee and related Muslims will be satisfied. This will serve Islam and Muslims well. Therefore, the authorities for which the appointments are made will be discussed first, and then the manner and principles with which they are made in order to insure survival and development of the organization. Otherwise, the incurred losses will far exceed the benefits
The Representation of Afghan Refugees in Pashto Press A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study
Full text linkPakistan has been hosting more than two million Afghan refugees since the Soviet and United States’ invasions of Afghanistan. This corpus-assisted discourse study aims to unfold the behaviour of the Pashto press towards Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms to investigate the corpora of Pashto newspapers’ articles through the Sketch Engine software to look at the behaviour of the text used to represent Afghan refugees and to discern the discourse in terms of categories designed for this study. The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the attitude of the Pashto press towards Afghan refugees