Open Access Publications (Univ. de Genève)
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Quelle formation didactique pour les futurs assistants de l’enseignement des sciences à l’université ?
Get PDFL’enseignement des sciences à l’université se réduit-il à une simple transmission des connaissances scientifiques aux étudiants, ou bien s’agit-il d’une activité didactique et épistémologique plus complexe, incluant- en plus des connaissances scientifiques - l’apprentissage par les étudiants des concepts clés de cette science, de sa méthodologie et des compétences qui lui sont inhérentes ? Comment les assistants en exercice dans les facultés des sciences conçoivent-ils l’enseignement-apprentissage de leur discipline, qu’elle soit biologique, physique, chimique ou géologique
Le droit à l’enseignement supérieur à l’épreuve des inégalités socio-économiques et de la privatisation du secteur : une étude sur la France
Get PDFHigher education is a human right guaranteed by numerous international treaties. States have an obligation to ensure that higher education is equally accessible to all on the basis of individual capacity and must put in place all the appropriate means for its full realisation, in particular through the progressive introduction of free education. While enrolment rates in higher education are on the rise in several countries around the world, inequalities in access persist. This article analyses inequalities in access to higher education in France from a human rights perspective, comparing the applicable legal framework with official statistics, a literature review, and a qualitative survey (semi-structured interviews and group discussions). The article shows that the geographical polarization of higher education establishments in France, the social value attributed to certain diplomas, and the direct and indirect costs associated with education can represent barriers to equal access for all. The case of France shows that the full realisation of the right to higher education, as guaranteed by international law, cannot be taken for granted, even when it is enshrined in national legislation.L’enseignement supérieur est un droit humain, garanti par de nombreux traités internationaux. Les États ont l’obligation de veiller à ce que l’enseignement supérieur soit également accessible à toutes et à tous sur la base de la capacité de chacun-e, et doivent mettre en place tous les moyens appropriés pour sa pleine réalisation, notamment à travers l’instauration progressive de la gratuité. Si les effectifs du supérieur sont en hausse dans plusieurs pays du monde, les inégalités d’accès persistent. Cet article analyse les inégalités d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, en France, au regard des droits de l’Homme : le cadre juridique applicable a été confronté aux statistiques officielles, à une revue de littérature, et à une enquête qualitative (entretiens semi-directifs et discussions collectives). L’article montre que la polarisation géographique des établissements d’enseignement supérieur en France, la valeur sociale attribuée à certains diplômes ainsi que les coûts directs et indirects, liés à l’éducation, peuvent représenter des barrières à un accès égal pour toutes et tous. Le cas de la France permet de montrer que la pleine réalisation du droit à l’enseignement supérieur, telle que garantit par le droit international, ne va pas de soi, même lorsqu’il est inscrit dans le cadre législatif national
How the early Earth evolved from a hellish to a habitable world
No full textEarth began with an atmosphere similar to that of Venus. While Venus continues to have a hellish surface, Earth turned into a habitable world within just 100-200 million years. How was that possible? We proposed a scenario using theoretical modeling, where a peculiar type of rock that is currently extinct on Earth could have triggered such a radical change
Can Training Make Policing Fairer and More Effective?
No full textFollowing a series of high-profile cases of police harassment and violence, police reform has become a growing national concern in the U.S. We evaluate one reform effort, training police to treat people more fairly in hot spots of crime. We find training significantly improves officer behavior and citizen perceptions of police misbehavior while reducing arrests and crime
Orb-weaving spiders can hear using their web
No full textAll known animals hear using an organ in their body, with the notable exception of a curious spider. We found that the orb-weaving spider breaks this limitation by outsourcing its hearing to its gigantic, reconfigurable, and regenerative web.
A tool for precisely modelling real-world quantum devices
No full textModelling quantum system is notoriously difficult, posing a challenge for studying quantum devices in real world settings, where interactions with surrounding particles inevitably influence the device. Our novel computational tool solves this challenge by automatically compressing this environmental influence, allowing approximation-free predictions
Using the quantum properties of atoms to reveal what\u27s underground
No full textIn the 300 years since Newton’s apple, gravity sensors have emerged as a useful tool to investigate the underground, looking for hazards and even mapping the distribution of water from space. Using the quantum properties of atoms, a new sensor has been made that overcomes several practical limitations of gravity survey, with the potential to speed up future surveys
Can we use a magnet to see brain inflammation?
No full textThe brain\u27s immune system helps us defend ourselves against pathogens and attacks, but what happens when it doesn\u27t or it overreacts? Could it be dangerous? More importantly - Is there a way to detect it on time? Here we have developed a potential diagnostic tool for noninvasive detection of brain inflammation, which we believe could be critical for the diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases
The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the Brain: It Is All in Your Head
No full textWhat is going on with SARS-CoV-2 infection and your brain? Even in mild infection there may be neurological injury that affects recovery. In our study, brain tissue recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates revealed microbleeds, neuron injury and death, and evidence of brain hypoxia, all of which may cause long-lasting neurological symptoms after infection