Journal of Critical Ecology
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Preserving ecological balance through forest management, the sasami tradition, and sustainable food adaptation
No full textBackground: Amidst the pressures of modernization, the local wisdom of indigenous communities offers a relevant model for sustainability. This study deeply examines the integrated socio-ecological system in the Cireundeu Indigenous Village, which has successfully maintained ecological balance through ancestral traditions. Methods: Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews with a customary leader, and participatory observation. Findings: The results indicate that the resilience of the Cireundeu system is supported by three interconnected pillars: (1) a customary forest zoning system (leuweung larangan, tutupan, baladahan) as a functional conservation practice; food adaptation based on cassava (Rasi) as a foundation for food sovereignty; and a mechanism for transmitting Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) through the Surasa dialogue forum and customary rituals. Conclusion: The analysis concludes that these pillars are not separate practices but are holistically interconnected within a socio-ecological system. The sustainability of this system is underpinned by a web of positive feedback loops between spiritual beliefs, social institutions, and tangible ecological outcomes, offering a potent counter-narrative to fragmented modern development paradigms. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this article lies in its holistic analysis of how interconnected socio-ecological practices in Cireundeu Indigenous Village—spanning forest zoning, cassava-based food sovereignty, and knowledge transmission through rituals—form a sustainable resilience model that counters fragmented modern development paradigms
Ecological impacts of marine oil spill pollution: An integrative assessment of ecosystem damages and conservation strategies
Get PDFBackground: Indonesia, as a maritime nation with 40% of global maritime trade passing through its waters, faces high risks of marine oil pollution. Balikpapan Bay, located in East Kalimantan, has suffered recurring oil spill disasters, notably the large-scale spill in 2018 caused by a ruptured Pertamina pipeline. These spills have severely impacted the marine ecosystem, local biodiversity, and the socio-economic conditions of coastal communities. Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through case study analysis. Primary data were collected from government documents, field reports, and previous academic studies, particularly focusing on ecological damage assessments conducted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, NGOs, and local communities. Spatial data from satellite monitoring were used to assess the extent of the oil spill. The data analysis included categorization of ecological impacts on key ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs, seagrasses, marine fauna, and bird species. Findings: The oil spill in Balikpapan Bay contaminated nearly 13,000 hectares of marine waters and 60 km of coastline, causing substantial damage to 34 hectares of mangrove forest, 4 coral reef areas, 5 seagrass beds, and seaweed cultivation zones. It led to mass deaths of crabs, plankton, and endangered marine mammals. Bird populations were also severely affected due to loss of insulation and ingestion of toxic substances. The spill had a cascading effect on the local marine food web, reduced biodiversity, and caused economic losses for traditional fishing communities. Conclusion: The Balikpapan Bay oil spill has led to a multidimensional ecological crisis. This study underscores the urgent need for proactive oil spill prevention and ecosystem protection strategies. Conservation zoning, enforcement of environmental regulations, and community-based monitoring are essential to prevent future disasters. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents a comprehensive ecological assessment of the Balikpapan Bay oil spill by combining field data, satellite imagery, and governmental reports. It adopts an integrative approach to map ecological damages and propose policy recommendations grounded in ecological science and conservation planning
Biomass allocation and carbon partitioning in young teak trees: Implications for ecological modeling and sustainable resource management
Get PDFBackground: Climate change, that is marked by improvement of earth’s surface temperature (global warming), is caused by human activities that increase the emission of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere. These gases include CO2, N20, CH4, SF6, PFC, and HFC. Ignition of hydrocarbonic compounds such as fossil fuels (coal, petrol fuel, and natural gas) or biomass (wood) are human activity that could cause emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and, further, global climate change. Methods: This study involved field-based observations with laboratory-based sample analysis. Materials used for this study consisted of 30 teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) consisting of 6 tree samples in each age group of 1 to 5 year old tree located within the KPH Balapulang area. Findings: Biomass root to shoot ratio based on main stem is about 0.1155-0.5048 (Average 0.2296), while based to surface biomass is about 0.1090-0.4317 (Average 0.1983). Carbon mass root to shoot ratio based on main stem is about 0.1159-0.5068 (Average 0.2320), while based to surface carbon mass is about 0.1111-0.4381 (Average 0.2030). Average expansion factor of biomass for age level I-V is 1.15, while average expansion factor of carbon mass for age level I-V is 1.13. Conclusion: The result of this study indicating that those ratios and factors quantify the proportion of root versus aboveground biomass or carbon and the multiplication of stem biomass or carbon to estimate total tree values. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides the quantitative data on root-to-shoot ratios, biomass and carbon mass expansion factors for teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) across different age classes
Assessing transition risks and financial implications of emission reduction in FMCG companies under Indonesia's ENDC framework
No full textBackground: Indonesia has committed to limiting global temperature rise to below 2°C through ENDC, impacting emission-intensive sectors like FMCG. PT X faces transition risks from carbon surcharges and emission reductions to meet ENDC targets. This study analyzes these risks, showing the company must reduce emissions to avoid additional costs and comply with ENDC. Methods: This paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to assess transition risks for FMCG companies, focusing on carbon emission reduction policies. The quantitative analysis involves calculating climate financial risks through scenario analysis, while the qualitative approach analyzes regulations and sustainability reports. The study uses a bottom-up approach to assess emissions in Scope 1 and 2 and applies sensitivity analysis to evaluate the financial impact of emission reduction policies. Findings: The scenario and sensitivity analysis shows that if PT X conducts operational activities in accordance with Business as Usual (BAU) for a 1.6% reduction in emissions, the company will experience an emission deficit (emissions above the ENDC target), which raises additional carbon costs of USD 21,199.91 tons CO2eq per year by the company. Meanwhile, in the scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis, the minimum level the company must reduce its emissions by 1.9% to get an emission surplus (emissions below the ENDC target). Conclusion: To reduce the impact of transition risk, companies can invest in the development of environmentally friendly technologies, and switch to renewable energy. The sale of carbon credits from surplus emissions can also be used by companies to cover carbon costs and mitigation actions. Novelty/Originality of This Study: This study lies in its application of climate financial risk analysis to assess the transition risks faced by Indonesia’s FMCG industry, providing a quantitative evaluation of emission reduction thresholds and their financial implications under the Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (ENDC) framework
Critical review of mine closure regulations and alignment with ecological restoration principles
No full textBackground: Indonesia, as one of the largest coal producers and exporters, faces negative impacts of mining such as water quality degradation, landscape changes, and social conflicts. Although the government has various regulations from MEMR and MoEF, the implementation of mine reclamation is often suboptimal, hampering ecological and biodiversity recovery. This study examines environmental regulations, especially related to mine closure issued by the two ministries. Methods: This study uses a literature study method by analyzing mining closure regulations in Indonesia, including the Decree of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 7/2014, the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 3/2014, and the Decree of the Minister of Finance No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009, and their relation to ecological restoration. The analysis was conducted using the content analysis method to extract conclusions from related documents, focusing on the criteria for the success of reclamation and mine closure. Findings: There are differences in mine closure regulations with ecological restoration criteria, which show that the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 7/2014 has the highest suitability with a score of 54.55%. This analysis reveals that the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation emphasizes stakeholder consultation, rehabilitation planning, and monitoring, while the Minister of Forestry Regulation No. 60/2009 focuses more on vegetation formation and erosion control, and the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 3/2014 provides guidelines for biodiversity management and fauna recolonization. conclusion: This study shows that the current reclamation and post-mining regulations from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Forestry, and Ministry of Environment require coordination to create regulations that ensure sustainable mining in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of This Study: The novelty of this study lies in its critical analysis of regulatory gaps, highlighting the need for synchronized policies to ensure effective ecological restoration in the mine closure phase
Analysis of river water pollution control due to activities gold mining: Causes, impacts, and effective and sustainable control efforts
No full textBackground: This study examines river water pollution due to gold mining activities in Indonesia and its control efforts. This pollution is caused by the use of hazardous chemicals such as mercury and cyanide in the gold extraction process, as well as the disposal of mining waste without adequate treatment. The impacts of pollution include damage to aquatic ecosystems, decreased water quality, and threats to human health. Methods: The research methodology uses a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from various sources such as journal articles, government reports, and case studies. Data are analyzed using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity and reliability of the information. Findings: The discussion shows that water pollution due to gold mining, especially illegal activities, has caused significant declines in water quality in various regions in Indonesia. The impacts of pollution include threats to human health, damage to aquatic ecosystems, decreased water quality, and disruption to the livelihoods of communities that depend on water resources. Conclusions: Emphasize the importance of pollution control through the application of environmentally friendly technologies, strict regulations, and public education. Recommendations for further research include further study of the long-term impacts of mercury pollution, development of more efficient waste treatment technologies, and exploration of alternative livelihoods for communities around mining areas. Novelty/Originality of This Study: This study lies in its comprehensive analysis of river water pollution from gold mining in Indonesia, integrating environmental, health, and socio-economic perspectives to propose sustainable pollution control strategies and alternative livelihood solutions
Study of the potential suitability of chrysanthemum plant areas with the suitability matrix overlay method
Get PDFBackground: Chrysanthemums are ornamental and floricultural plants that have an important role in Indonesia because they are used for religious ceremonies, decorations, and even health therapy. Today, chrysanthemums are considered a trendsetter in the cut flower industry in Indonesia because of their advantages: rich in color, size, and shape, durable, and have a pleasant aroma. However, the increase in production has not been accompanied by a significant increase in productivity. The expansion of chrysanthemum cultivation in Bandung Regency shows a downward trend, although there has been a slight increase lately. The potential of chrysanthemums depends on the suitability of the growing area. Based on this, it is necessary to carry out management and analysis related to the suitability of chrysanthemum cultivation land in Bandung Regency, West Java. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate land that is suitable for chrysanthemum cultivation in Bandung Regency. Methods: This research study was carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis with a weighted overlay method using ArcGIS Pro. Findings: Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the area suitable for chrysanthemum cultivation is at an altitude of 0-1500 meters above sea level (masl) with a slope of 0-16%, in the soil types of Andosol and Gleisol, and with a soil surface temperature between 17-30ºC. The land suitable for chrysanthemum cultivation in Bandung Regency is approximately 40,192.23 hectares or around 23.03% of the area of Bandung Regency. less than the area that is classified as "moderately appropriate" and "non-appropriate". Conclusion: The study concludes that Bandung Regency has only a small area suitable for chrysanthemum cultivation, highlighting the need for further refinement of the suitability model. Novelty/Originality of this article: Thus, the suitability of the chrysanthemum cultivation area in Bandung Regency is reflected in the suitability matrix with a percentage of 23.03%
The implementation of eco-pedagogy-based learning integrated with life skills plays a crucial role in fostering both ecological awareness and personal skills
Get PDFBackground: This investigation examines the implementation of eco-pedagogy integrated with life skills education, aiming to strengthen students’ ecological awareness and personal development. Eco-pedagogy in this context supports learners in understanding environmental issues through direct experience, while life skills education helps them develop essential competencies such as communication, responsibility, and decision-making. Together, these approaches position students not only as knowledge recipients but also as active participants in environmental learning and daily-life problem-solving. Methods: The study uses a qualitative approach involving observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of learning practices. Participants include the school principal, facilitators, staff, parents or guardians, and students. Data analysis applies the Interactive Analysis model by Miles, Saldana, and Huberman, which encompasses data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. This method enables systematic interpretation of the learning design, implementation, evaluation, and its overall effectiveness within the school context. Findings: The results show that the independent curriculum and life skills principles. Implementation is flexible and contextual, integrating daily activities such as outing classes, cooking sessions, and practical environmental projects. Assessment uses report cards, portfolios, and talent mapping to capture cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. Although the program is supported by the foundation, school leaders, and parents or guardians, challenges persist, including limited infrastructure and varying parental understanding of eco-pedagogy concepts. Conclusion: The integration of eco-pedagogy with life skills education positively contributes to the development of ecological awareness, creativity, discipline, independence, and social interaction among students. Learners become more sensitive to environmental issues and more capable of solving daily problems responsibly. Novelty/Originality: This study provides a unique perspective on combining eco-pedagogy and life skills within the independent curriculum, offering insights for schools aiming to adopt similar innovative approaches
Climate change and its mitigation in agricultural country
Get PDFBackground: This research aims to discuss climate change and its mitigation and adaptation, especially in the agriculture sector. It will help in formulating and managing this sector if someday there are so many cases that make a mess in this sector. Methods: This research is conducted as qualitative research. Finding: Agriculture holds some important rules for a country, humans, and other living organisms. Indonesia as an agricultural country has so many sources that are impacted by climate change. Climate change is affecting so many aspects. Agriculture is one of the greatest things that will get the serious impact from climate change. In global, agriculture gives about 14% of the total emissions, and in national, it gives about 12%. Although it seems little the negative impacts are felt by the living organisms. The impacts of climate change need active efforts to anticipate it through mitigation and adaptation strategies. Conclusion: The mitigation technology will reduce greenhouse gas and the agriculture field by using low-emission varieties, water, and land management technology