Journal of Biopesticides and Agriculture Technology
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Semiochemicals in integrated pest management: Molecular chemistry, biosynthesis mechanisms, and application in sustainable agricultural systems
No full textBackground: Semiochemicals, including volatile and non-volatile organic compounds used in insect communication, offer environmentally friendly alternatives to broad-spectrum pesticides. In particular, sex pheromones have gained prominence in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) due to their species-specific action and reduced ecological impact. Understanding their chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and olfactory mechanisms is essential to optimize their application across diverse crop systems. Methods: This study presents a comprehensive review of 15 peer-reviewed publications (2010–2025). It synthesizes findings on pheromone chemistry, enzymatic biosynthesis pathways, olfactory reception mechanisms, and field-level applications. The analysis integrates molecular characterization, biochemical pathways, and empirical performance data from 35 major agricultural pests to evaluate efficacy and economic impact. Findings: Lepidopteran sex pheromones primarily consist of Type I (C₁₀–C₁₈ unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetate esters; ~75%) and Type II (C₁₇–C₂₃ polyunsaturated hydrocarbons; ~15%) compounds. Biosynthesis involves key enzymes such as ACC, FAS, Δ12-desaturase, and FAR. Olfactory detection occurs via GPCR-mediated signal transduction in antennal sensilla. Field evidence shows pheromone-based strategies—monitoring, mass trapping, mating disruption, and attract-and-kill—achieve 60–95% pest suppression while reducing pesticide costs by an average of 59%. Controlled-release formulations enable sustained delivery for 30–120 days. Conclusion: Semiochemical-based IPM represents a scientifically validated, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable pest control strategy. By targeting species-specific communication systems, it reduces chemical dependency while maintaining high suppression efficiency. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This review integrates molecular chemistry, enzymatic biosynthesis, neuro-olfactory mechanisms, and large-scale field validation into a unified analytical framework. By linking mechanistic biochemical insights with applied agricultural performance data, it strengthens the scientific foundation and practical justification for semiochemical-driven IPM as a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticide regimes
Sporisorium scitamineum: A comprehensive mini-review on biology, pathogenicity, and management
No full textBackground: Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting sugarcane production in Indonesia. Although the national plantation area has expanded in recent years, productivity and sugar recovery rates remain low, hindering the achievement of sugar self-sufficiency. Understanding pathogen characteristics and improving disease management strategies are therefore critical to strengthening national sugarcane sustainability. Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Ministry of Agriculture, and peer-reviewed scientific literature published within the last 5–10 years. The analysis covered national cultivation trends, pathogen morphology, and recent advances in chemical and biological control strategies. Findings: Indonesia’s sugarcane plantation area increased from 429,959 ha in 2018 to 494,764 ha in 2023; however, sugar recovery rates remain low (6.5–7.5%). Morphologically, S. scitamineum produces characteristic black whip-like structures containing brown teliospores, which disperse through wind, water, and infected planting materials. Disease control strategies include seed-cane treatment with systemic fungicides (e.g., flutriafol, propiconazole, triadimefon) and hot-water treatment. Biological control agents such as Trichoderma spp., Streptomyces spp., and Bacillus spp. demonstrate more than 70% suppression of pathogen growth. Recent developments emphasize integrated management combining genetic resistance, chemical protection, biological control, and molecular technologies. Conclusion: Effective management of sugarcane smut in Indonesia requires an integrated and sustainable approach that combines agronomic, chemical, biological, and molecular strategies. Strengthening disease control systems is essential to improving productivity and supporting national sugar security. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study provides an updated synthesis linking national production trends with pathogen biology and integrated control innovations. By connecting macro-level agricultural data with micro-level pathogen characteristics and emerging molecular approaches, it offers a comprehensive framework for sustainable smut disease management in Indonesia
From concrete jungles to urban gardens: AI-powered solutions for sustainable food production in cities
Get PDFIntroduction: Urban agriculture in Indonesia faces critical challenges including agricultural land conversion, aging farmer workforce (39% over 55 years, only 21% millennials), and rural urban inequality. While deep learning technologies prove effective for agricultural optimization, Indonesia lags neighboring countries due to regulatory ambiguity, limited incentives, and low youth participation. This study develops Urfalogy, an artificial intelligence powered platform addressing three primary urban farming constraints: limited space, insufficient capital, and inadequate technology. Methods: This research employed Agile software development methodology integrated with deep learning. The You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) algorithm was utilized for environmental object detection and segmentation. Dataset preprocessing included multiple augmentation techniques: scaling, geometric transformation, brightness adjustment, contrast and color saturation modifications. The platform integrates nine features: artificial intelligence layout designer, plant variety recommender, plant health detection, soil monitoring with internet of things sensors, e-commerce, real time expert consultation, appointment scheduling, interactive tutorials, and analytics dashboard. Finding: Model training achieved optimal performance metrics at epoch 100: segment loss of 0.56756, recall of 90.01%, and mean Average Precision at intersection over union 0.50 (mAP50) of 90.715%. During inference, the model successfully identified environmental components (ceiling, wall, floor), enabling precise spatial mapping for garden layout design. The integrated platform demonstrates comprehensive end to end capability supporting complete urban farming workflow from planning through sales. Conclusion: Urfalogy represents a transformative solution effectively bridging Indonesia's urban agriculture gap through artificial intelligence, Internet of Things integration, and human centered design, significantly advancing sustainability, food security, and economic opportunities. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research uniquely combines deep learning-based spatial optimization with comprehensive platform ecosystem design, integrating YOLOv8 environmental analysis with real-time consultation and e-commerce, addressing specific technological, economic, and accessibility barriers in Indonesian urban agriculture
Ekstraksi fenol dari daun sirsak (annona murcata l): sokletasi dan destilasi
Get PDFBackground: Soursop, with the Latin name Annona muricata L, has become one of the herbal medicine materials under extensive development. One of the challenges faced in utilizing extracts from soursop leaves currently is the inefficiency of the solvents used. Methods: This study aims to determine the phenol content present in soursop leaves. The independent variable used is the process of drying soursop leaves before the soxhlet extraction process. The purpose of this process is to increase the phenol content in the concentrated soursop leaf extract after the soxhlet extraction process. Thus, this research involves two processes, namely the soxhlet extraction and distillation processes. Findings: The phenol content obtained from the FT-IR test is approximately 80-85% with an intensity at 3347.82 cm-1. Furthermore, the distillation process is carried out to obtain a distillate that will be tested using GC-MS instrument. The results of the GC-MS test show a value of approximately 1.723 with an area of 78.04. Conclusion: The longer the immersion of soursop leaves and the higher the concentration of the solvent used, the better the results tend to be. Identification of the effects of using different solvents with the same functional groups becomes important in further research
Pengaruh jenis media tanam dan konsentrasi nutrisi AB-MIX terhadap pertumbuhan selada hijau (Lactuca Sativa L.) menggunakan sistem hidroponik rakit apung
Get PDFBackground: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a type of vegetable that is rich in vitamins A, B, and C. Lettuce leaves can not only be used as raw vegetables and decorations, but also have a fairly high economic value. Findings: Hydroponics has the potential to increase cultivation opportunities in Indonesia, especially due to the increasing market demand for chemical-free vegetables. In addition, with the reduction in productive land, climate change and unfavorable environmental conditions, as well as critical land problems, the application of hydroponic cultivation is becoming increasingly relevant. In Indonesia, lettuce production in 2017 was 627,611 tons, in 2018 lettuce production was 625,132 tons, in 2019 lettuce production was 638,731 tons and in 2020 it increased with lettuce production of 663,832 tons. Methods: This study was conducted using a 2-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD). Conclusion: There is an interaction between AB-Mix concentration treatment and planting media on the parameters of plant length 7 hst and number of leaves 7 hst. However, there is no interaction on the parameters of plant length 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst, number of leaves 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst, leaf area, fresh weight, root length, dry weight. The treatment of 1300 ppm concentration and rockwool planting media showed the highest average value on the growth of green lettuce. The concentration treatment factor significantly affected the number of leaves 7 hst, 14 hst, 21 hst, leaf area and fresh weight, but did not significantly affect the length of the plant 7 hst, 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst, number of leaves 28 hst, root length, dry weight. The treatment factor of planting media significantly affected all treatment parameters, namely plant length, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh weight, dry weight
Karakteristik warna crayon dari pemanfaatan ekstraksi limbah kulit buah naga (hylocereus polyrhizus)
Get PDFBackground: Crayons are drawing equipment made from colored wax, charcoal, chalk, or other materials used for writing and coloring. Crayons are used in schools throughout the world because crayons are easy to use, do not make dirty, blunt, non-toxic, and have many colors. Findings: Crayons can be used from children to adults. Wax crayons are usually used by children to draw and color. One popular crayon brand is Crayola. Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains anthocyanin which can be used as a natural coloring agent for decorative preparations and also has antioxidant activity. Methods: Dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extraction has been carried out by means of dragon fruit peel extracted using the wet maceration method with 70% ethanol. The extract was then made into 2 crayon formulations with concentrations of 25% and 20%, respectively. The crayon formulation consists of paraffin wax and dragon fruit peel extract. The resulting crayons have a brownish color, and aromatic odor typical of dragon fruit peel extract. Conclusion: The results of the topical test obtained the best formula on the formula with the composition of the dragon fruit peel extract 25% and 75% paraffin wax. Based on the results of the topical test, this crayon can be used. It's just that the color and texture of crayons that are easily brittle and oily make the results of this research experiment not as expected
Pentingnya unsur hara fosfor untuk pertumbuhan tanaman padi
Get PDFBackground: The need for carbohydrates for our bodies makes rice a staple food, especially for the Indonesian people. The increasing population means that the need for food will certainly continue to increase. So in this case, increasing rice production is certainly very important to do in order to meet the needs of the population. Findings: Phosphorus makes up about 0.2% of the dry weight of plants, and plants will not grow if this element is not sufficient. Phosphorus plays a role in the circulation of energy in plants, which is obtained from photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate metabolism in the form of ATP and ADP. In addition, phosphorus also has the property of easily reacting with soil and easily binding to other compounds (Al and Fe), so that the P element cannot be utilized by plants. Methods: This paper uses a literature study method, which is sourced from literature such as scientific articles, books, journals, and online media. Conclusion: Phosphorus nutrients are very important for plant growth which is an essential element for plants because it is a limiting factor that affects plant growth and production. In rice plants, the element P plays a role in encouraging the growth and formation of panicles, triggering flowering and fruit ripening especially in low climate conditions, encouraging more clump/tiller formation which allows faster recovery and adaptation when rice plants experience stress, and supporting the formation of better grain and having better nutritional content in relation to the P content in the seeds
Pengembangan sistem pertanian bawang merah: uji daya hasil produksi true shallot seed
Get PDFBackground: One of the leading horticultural commodities in Nganjuk District, East Java, with the highest production potential, is shallots. The study aimed to obtain a model that could be developed in Nganjuk District, East Java Province, in the shallot farming system. Methods: The research was conducted in lowland rice fields in Nganjuk District. The research involved three cooperative farmers with a land area of 1 hectare. This research provided treatments to four varieties of True Shallot Seed shallots, namely Bima Brebes, Trisula, and Lokananta. The treatments were then repeated four times. A randomized block design was used with data on plant growth, central pest and disease attacks, and yield components. The collected data were then processed and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and further Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and other tests at a 95% confidence level. Findings: Harvest results varied according to plant conditions and growth, but the True Shallot Seed variety Bima Brebes was the most optimal in terms of the number of bulbs and yield weight of the plants. The constraints of seed production process were the low percentage of flowering and seed formation (seed-set). Conclusion: The research results showed that the Bima shallot variety is most suitable for development and recommended in lowland areas of Nganjuk District
The influence of temperature and solvent quantity on soxhlet extraction process towards total phenolic content (TPC)
Get PDFoai:ojs2.journal-iasssf.com:article/601Background: Banana is a giant herbaceous plant with elongated large leaves from the Musaceae family. Several types of bananas (Musa acuminate, M. balbisiana, and M. paradisiaca) produce edible fruits that are named the same. Banana production in Indonesia is quite large. According to the Fixed Figures (ATAP) in 2013, banana production reached 6.28 million tons. Methods: The purpose of this research is to determine the total phenol content in kepok banana peels using the extraction method (soxhlet) with variations of solvents, namely ethanol and methanol. Findings: First, the material is cleaned, dried under the sun and oven, then blended into powder, made into simplisia, then extracted in a soxhlet tube, and the final step is separation. Conclusion: The results of the analysis obtained stated that the highest phenol content was obtained in methanol solvent, namely 0.82 mg/g GAE
The application of zeolite in reducing green house gases in agriculture field
Get PDFBackground: The addition of Zeolite 4A affected cumulative greenhouse emissions from rice. Zeolite 4A has been found to adsorb CH4 and CO2, reducing overall emissions. The combination of zeolite and fertilizer administration in one or two applications provided an anti-synergistic effect. Methods: The chemical fertilizers and sustained release organic fertilizers used were 16200, 4600 and 666, respectively, and the amount was 31.25 gm2. Findings: Higher fertilization stimulated harvesting, resulting in higher yields and higher proportions of good grain, but less efficient GHG reductions. The ratio of zeolite 4A to fertilizer should be higher than 3: 1 to reduce the increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fertilizer. This treatment resulted in an emission reduction efficiency of 34.69% in proportion to 21.62 g CO2eq m2 g1 zeolite. Conclusion: In the current study, two applications, fertilizer and zeolite 4A, showed the best performance in reducing emissions. However, it is advisable to increase the ratio of zeolite to fertilizer. Similarly, sustained release organic fertilizers resulted in increased CH4 emissions due to the action of methanogens on organic matter. However, plant growth, good grain proportions, and total grain yields increased. Further research is recommended to investigate the optimal ratio of zeolite 4A to organic and synthetic fertilizers for rice cultivation