34711 research outputs found
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Challenges to reliable ICD-10 coding of child maltreatment : a qualitative interview study of healthcare professionals in German and Swedish hospitals
No full textBackground: Child maltreatment (CM) is a major public health issue. Data collection, analysis, and reporting are widely recognized as key components in developing policies and programs aimed at preventing child maltreatment. Unfortunately, CM is significantly under-coded by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in hospitals. Due to a lack of studies, causes of this under-coding are not fully understood.
Objective: The aim was to identify and understand challenging factors leading to under-coding of CM in hospitals in Germany and Sweden.
Participants and setting: The sample includes 28 HCPs from different professional groups involved in coding-process: pediatricians (n = 14), child psychiatrists (n = 6), pediatric surgeons (n = 4), medical coding professionals (n = 3), and child protection coordinators (n = 1). Nineteen identified as female and 9 as male; age ranged from 24 to 65.
Methods: The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews have been coded and analyzed using the thematic analysis approach of Braun & Clarke.
Results: In this study, four major themes were identified influencing child maltreatment coding practices on multiple levels. (1) The Impact of Systemic Frameworks, describing systemic factors, such as legal requirements and lack of mandatory education; (2) The Role of Organizational Culture and Structures, describing attitude of the clinic, transparency, and shortcomings in quality control; (3) Interpersonal Dynamics of Multidisciplinary Cooperation and Communication; and (4) Intrapersonal Barriers: Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Emotional Burdens.
Conclusion: Identified themes significantly influence HCPs coding practices. Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires comprehensive educational programs, improved organizational support, and systemic changes to counteract the under-coding of CM in hospitals
Gleitfähige Beschichtung für vaskuläre Medizinprodukte
No full textKatheter benötigen eine gleitfähige Beschichtung, um das Einführen in die Blutgefässe zu erleichtern und deren Schädigung zu minimieren. Die Beschichtung muss hydrophil und chemisch an die Oberfläche gebunden sein, sodass während des Gebrauchs nur wenige Partikel freigesetzt werden, um gesundheitliche Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Formulierungen auf Basis von Polyvinylpyrrolidon und Perfluorphenylazid-Derivaten, die durch UV-Strahlung kovalent an den Katheter gebunden sind, erfüllen diese Anforderungen
Fit to co-lead? Developing a model of individual antecedents for effective topsharing
No full textIntroduction: Topsharing represents a specific form of shared leadership, in which two co-leaders occupy a single leadership position. Although Topsharing has become a popular leadership structure across a variety of organizations, leadership research has rather neglected this topic. In particular, little is known about individual antecedents of successful co-leadership. Building on the KSAO-framework, current research aims to identify knowledge, skills, attitudes/values, and personality attributes relevant for co-leaders. These factors will be integrated into a conceptual model that can be used to evaluate the fit of co-leadership arrangements in a systematic way.
Methods: We used a mixed-methods design combining qualitative interviews with an online survey. We conducted 17 interviews with co-leaders (13 female, 4 male, average duration 44 minutes). The interviews are currently being analyzed using theory-based content analysis. To validate the interview data, an online survey with a prospective sample size of 150 leaders will be conducted in April.
Results: Preliminary findings suggest that both complementary and supplementary factors play a role. However, complementary factors, that is, both co-leaders having similar individual antecedents, seem to be of greater relevance.
Conclusions: By developing a theory-based model of the antecedents for successful Topsharing, the current study contributes to research on shared leadership. Moreover, as a practical contribution, our model can be used as a basis to for selecting and developing co-leaders
A roadmap for simulation-based testing of autonomous cyber-physical systems : challenges and future direction
No full textAs the era of autonomous cyber-physical systems (ACPSs), such as unmanned aerial vehicles and self-driving cars, unfolds, the demand for robust testing methodologies is key to realizing the adoption of such systems in real-world scenarios. However, traditional software testing paradigms face unprecedented challenges in ensuring the safety and reliability of these systems. In response, this article pioneers a strategic roadmap for simulation-based system-level testing of ACPSs, specifically focusing on autonomous systems. Our article discusses the relevant challenges and obstacles of ACPSs, focusing on test automation and quality assurance, hence advocating for tailored solutions to address the unique demands of autonomous systems. While providing concrete definitions of test cases within simulation environments, we also accentuate the need to create new benchmark assets and the development of automated tools tailored explicitly for autonomous systems in the software engineering community. This article not only highlights the relevant, pressing issues the software engineering community should focus on (in terms of practices, expected automation, and paradigms), but it also outlines ways to tackle them. By outlining the various domains and challenges of simulation-based testing/development for ACPSs, we provide directions for future research efforts
Multi-class human/object detection on robot manipulators using proprioceptive sensing
No full textIn physical human-robot collaboration (pHRC) settings, humans and robots collaborate directly in shared environments. Robots must analyze interactions with objects to ensure safety and facilitate meaningful workflows. One critical aspect is human/object detection, where the contacted object is identified. Past research introduced binary machine learning classifiers to distinguish between soft and hard objects. This study improves upon those results by evaluating three-class human/object detection models, offering more detailed contact analysis. A dataset was collected using the Franka Emika Panda robot manipulator, exploring preprocessing strategies for time-series analysis. Models including LSTM, GRU, and Transformers were trained on these datasets. The best-performing model achieved 91.11\% accuracy during real-time testing, demonstrating the feasibility of multi-class detection models. Additionally, a comparison of preprocessing strategies suggests a sliding window approach is optimal for this task
Schule und Arbeitsplatz – Gegensatz oder Ergänzung?
No full textEin besonderes Merkmal des Schweizer Bildungssystems ist die höhere Berufsbildung. Sie verbindet das Lernen in der Schule mit dem Lernen am Arbeitsplatz. Im Jahr 2022 arbeiteten 81 Prozent der Studierenden an Höheren Fachschulen während der Ausbildung (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2024). Der Anteil unterscheidet sich je nach Bildungsfeld. Der Anteil lag bei «Finanz-, Bank- und Versicherungswesen» am höchsten (100 Prozent). Aber auch beim Bildungsfeld «Persönliche Dienstleistungen» mit dem niedrigsten Erwerbstätigenanteil arbeiteten mehr als die Hälfte der Studierenden neben dem Unterricht (57 Prozent)
A low-code, prompt engineering approach to generating formative feedback to assist thesis writing : a work-in-progress
No full textThe thesis writing process involves iterative text development, where cycles of feedback and revision are essential. For writing instructors, this presents challenges, given high workloads. Developments in Generative AI have opened new possibilities for feedback. Nevertheless, the use of generic GenAIs does not necessarily meet instructors’ expectations for useful feedback (Rapp, this conference). Furthermore, the fine-tuning of LLMs for specific purposes and paid solutions may be cost-prohibitive. In response, this paper explores, as a proof of concept, an alternate and flexible approach to generating formative feedback by means of prompt engineering with low-level coding and LLM API. As this project runs through to August, 2025, this presentation is a work-in-progress, focusing on the results available at conference time. The project implements Ingley & Pack’s prompt engineering framework (2023) for GenAI applications. First, a set of relevant assessment criteria (language-, argumentative- and pragmatic-based elements) was selected through an expert selection committee. Next, prompts were developed and tested iteratively on a corpus of texts (n = 20) to achieve relevant and appropriate formative feedback on the target criteria. Future tasks in the project (as of January 2025) include a) the fine-tuning process where prompts are optimized and used in conjunction with the LLM to produce feedback by means of API and coding (Python), and b) the integration of the feedback system into an existing writing platform (Thesis Writer, ZHAW). The overarching objective is to produce an intelligent tutoring system based on Almasri and colleagues’ (2019) extension of Derry and colleagues’ (1988) architecture framework (incorporating models of domain, student, tutor and interface, see Banawan et al., 2023), through prompt engineering. The presentation will outline the process model, show examples of scripting and prompt design, discuss the success of the fine-tuning process, and highlight some challenges encountered. To date, these include difficulties in determining the optimal degree of specification of feedback, whether follow-up instructions to the GenAI should be user-controlled or limited by means of dropdown-list options. The intended audience is those currently or considering designing GenAI-driven formative feedback tools, particularly those undecided on the optimal design for their own projects
Wohlbefinden, Freizeitgestaltung, sozio-politische Einstellungen und abweichendes Verhalten unter Jugendlichen in der Schweiz : Kurzbericht zur Repräsentativbefragung 2025
No full textAusgangspunkt des Forschungsprojekts, dessen Befunde in diesem Bericht vorgestellt werden, war die Covid19-Pandemie. Im Frühjahr 2020 wurden zur Eindämmung der Pandemie in der Schweiz verschiedene Massnahmen umgesetzt, welche das Leben der Menschen im Allgemeinen und der Jugendlichen im Besonderen abrupt veränderten. Hierunter fielen bspw. das mehrwöchige Home-Schooling oder die Einschränkung von Freizeitaktivitäten. In Folge dieser Massnahmen zeigte sich mit Blick auf junge Menschen, dass deren Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden litt; ebenso fanden sich Hinweise, dass es zu zunehmenden internalisierenden Problemverhaltensweisen wie Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum sowie externalisierenden Problemverhaltensweisen wie (Cyber-)Aggression kam. Mittels des vorgestellten Forschungsprojekts sollte untersucht werden, inwieweit es jungen Menschen gelungen ist, die Zeit der Pandemie hinter sich zu lassen. Dabei sollten u.a. folgende Fragen beantwortet werden:
• Wie hat sich das Wohlbefinden nach dem Ende der Pandemie bei Jugendlichen entwickelt?
• Hat sich das Freizeitverhalten und hier insbesondere der Medien- und Internetkonsum mit Ende der Pandemie verändert?
• Welche Veränderungen zeigen sich mit Blick auf abweichende Verhaltensweisen der Jugendlichen?
• Wie haben sich sozio-politische Einstellungen entwickelt? Diese standen mit Bezug auf Jugendliche zwar weniger im Fokus von Studien zu Auswirkungen der Pandemie; für Erwachsene wurde aber bspw. untersucht, wie sich Verschwörungsmentalitäten im Zuge der Pandemie veränderten, weshalb es sinnvoll erschien, auch bei Jugendlichen entsprechende Einstellungen zu untersuchen.
Die erste Befragung des Projekts erfolgte im Jahr 2022. Die Ergebnisse dieser wie der zwei darauffolgenden Befragungen wurden ausführlich im Bericht von Baier und Hadjar (2024) vorgestellt. In diesem Bericht finden sich zudem alle Informationen, dazu, wie verschiedene Merkmale konkret im Fragebogen erfasst wurden. In diesem Kurzbericht wird daher nicht noch einmal auf die Erfassung der Merkmale eingegangen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt darin, die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Befragung des Jahres 2025 im Trendvergleich zu den früheren Befragungen zu präsentieren