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Realism, Institutions, and Neutrality: Constraining Conflict Through the Force of Norms
Get PDFRealism posits power as the key component of international relations. In contrast, Institutionalism looks to norms and customs as the primary buses of world politics. Yet both theories frequently fall short in explaining major international events. This article considers the institution of neutrality as an example of how norms exert a stabilizing influence in international relations. On the other hand, the failure to observe norms often results in instability, and in extreme cases, can lead to war. When this point is reached, the use of force may be the only means to restore a stable balance of power. By drawing on both Realist and Institutionalist theories, a richer explanation of international life can be found
Introduction: In These Uncertain Times, Pittsburgh
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic and mass protests in response to the murder of George Floyd during the spring and summer of 2020 gave rise to the phrase “in these uncertain times” as a frame for everyday life in the United States and abroad. For this special issue of Kalfou, we explore uncertainty as a theme for discussions of racism and injustice in a time when even those shielded by significant privilege have been left feeling uprooted and alone.
This nation has seen horrifying killings of people of color since before its inception. We have also seen pandemics before, as well as the day-to-day health crisis produced by socioeconomic inequality. Yet while resistance, indignation, and protests against such inhumanity are common, we sensed that something was different this time as our elders and young people marched through cities of all sizes. We had not seen white participation at these levels or an executive branch as willfully outrageous as that of our forty-fifth president. Was this a perfect storm that might sweep in significant advances toward equality and justice, or would things get worse? What is the best that we can hope for in these uncertain times, and what is required of us to make it a livable reality in the coming days
Gender Differences in Public Policy Attitudes
Get PDFPersistent differences between men and women in regard to their public policy attitudes have been found by various researchers. In this article, a state-wide survey in Pennsylvania is used to compare attitudes of men and women in the state with those at the national level. Using these data, three hypotheses frequently offered to explain attitude differences are subjected to evaluation. The major finding is that the male-female differences in policy attitudes may be related both to the sex-role behaviors leamed by children and to economic conditions experienced in later life
“Metamorphic Liberation”: Radical Self-Care and the Biopolitical Agency of Black Women
No full textThe Black Radical Tradition has always captured the fluidity of life, death, and the afterlife of sustained modes of repression that propel Black bodies into hypervisible spectacles of existence. Using what Viviane Saleh-Hanna calls a “Black Feminist Hauntology,” this article draws from work on the temporality of white terrorism, necropolitical social movements, and Black violability to frame Black women’s biopolitical agency in ways that capture what our lives could be post-COVID and amid a resurgence of movements for Black lives. Bridging the poeticism of Black feminist writers such as Audre Lorde, bell hooks, and Sonya Renee Taylor, I argue that the movement for radical self-care, interpreted from a necropolitical discursive frame, offers the possibilities for what Saleh-Hanna calls “metamorphic liberation.” The article explores the movement’s foundations inside the Black feminist commons as an important site for support and healing during the multiple pandemics of 2020
Latinidad, Dominicanidad, and Anti-Blackness: Two Nations under U.S. Empire
No full textLorgia García-Peña’s Borders of Dominicanidad situates the history of racial differentiation and exclusion in Hispaniola within the context of U.S. empire, arguing that the multiple occupations of the Dominican Republic by the U.S. Marines played a significant role in locating Blackness on the Haitian side of the border and latinidad—which was meant to exclude Blackness—on the Dominican side of the border. This article argues that we need to attend to García-Peña’s argument about racialization and spatialization in the context of U.S. empire. It also reads her work as underscoring the importance of the production of gendered narratives of race—from the masculinity of the Afro-Dominican peasant hero and religious figure Papa Liborio (Olivorio Mateo), killed by the marines to the transformation of the banditry resulting in the deaths of the Galindo family into a story of “virgins” raped by Black Haitian soldiers, using tropes straight out of the folk mythology of the United States
Contesting Legal Borderlands: Policing Insubordinate Spaces in Imperial County’s Farm Worker Communities, 1933–1940
No full textIn this article, I analyze the ways in which Mexican farm worker activists inhabited spaces that placed them in a state of legal ambiguity. Indeed, landowners possessed legal authority to punish labor protesters who organized in public space. At the same time, farm workers’ privacy rights were undermined by the tactics that police used to spy on organizing activities. Historians covering this time period have focused on the punitive measures used to silence farm workers. One blind spot in the historiography about farm worker social movements are the quasi-publics that activists created in order to challenge corporate spatial relations in Southern California’s Imperial County. To rely on binaries that neatly package private and public spheres hides the transgressive actions taken by protesters to blur corporate boundaries
Ethnic Studies Matters
No full textOn January 30, 2020, Harvard University’s Warren Center for Studies in American History held a one-day gathering titled “The Legacy of Dominicanidad: A Symposium on the Work of Lorgia García-Peña.” The first panel considered “Ethnic Studies and Lorgia García-Peña’s Scholarship.” This article is a version of my presentation on that panel