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Power and Weakness of Civic Nationalism in Switzerland 1848–2014
No full textThis chapter addresses the effectiveness of and limits to civic nationalism as an integrative force in Switzerland. It shows that the civic nationalism of the Swiss state’s liberal ‘Founding Fathers’ in 1848 was at first controversial and from 1900 on was challenged by essentialist conceptions of the nation despite the linguistic, cultural, denominational, religious, and political diversity of the country. The high tides of civic nationalism were the period after 1848, when Christian Swiss men gained the right of residence and political rights for the whole of Switzerland; the two decades before the First World War, when naturalization was facilitated; and the second half of the 1990s, when municipal authorities sought to secure ‘lived citoyenneté’ among Swiss and foreign residents through new integration measures. However, well-established discourses of discrimination, direct democracy, essentialist conceptions of the nation and, in recent years, anti-immigration populism have repeatedly set limits to these inclusive aspirations in Switzerland
Mathematik, Engagement und Leistung am Gymnasium: Eine Mixed-Method-Studie bei Lehrpersonen sowie Schülerinnen und Schülern an gymnasialen Maturitätsschulen
Get PDFDer vorliegende Bericht beschäftigt sich mit Determinanten von Engagement und Leistungen in Mathematik der Schülerinnen und Schüler am Gymnasium im Kanton Bern. Dazu wurden 21 Mathematiklehrpersonen im Rahmen von Experteninterviews gebeten, ihre Einschätzungen zum ‚Mathematikproblem‘, den Gründen von (Dis-)Engagement, der Rolle des Unterrichts sowie zu Bewertungspraktiken in der Mathematik abzugeben. Anschliessend wurde diese Perspektive mit Selbsteinschätzungen von rund 1.400 Schülerinnen und Schülern aller Gymnasien im Kanton Bern ergänzt und gespiegelt. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler wurden zu Beginn der GYM1 und kurz vor Ende der GYM1 befragt
Decadal-scale progression of the onset of Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events
Get PDFDuring the last glacial period, proxy records throughout the Northern Hemisphere document a succession of rapid millennial-scale warming events, called Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events. A range of different mechanisms has been proposed that can produce similar warming in model experiments; however, the progression and ultimate trigger of the events are still unknown. Because of their fast nature, the progression is challenging to reconstruct from paleoclimate data due to the limited temporal resolution achievable in many archives and cross-dating uncertainties between records. Here, we use new high-resolution multi-proxy records of sea-salt (derived from sea spray and sea ice over the North Atlantic) and terrestrial (derived from the central Asian deserts) aerosol concentrations over the period 10–60 ka from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) and North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice cores in conjunction with local precipitation and temperature proxies from the NGRIP ice core to investigate the progression of environmental changes at the onset of the warming events at annual to multi-annual resolution. Our results show on average a small lead of the changes in both local precipitation and terrestrial dust aerosol concentrations over the change in sea-salt aerosol concentrations and local temperature of approximately one decade. This suggests that, connected to the reinvigoration of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the warming in the North Atlantic, both synoptic and hemispheric atmospheric circulation changes at the onset of the DO warming, affecting both the moisture transport to Greenland and the Asian monsoon systems. Taken at face value, this suggests that a collapse of the sea-ice cover may not have been the initial trigger for the DO warming
