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ЕВАЛУАЦИЈА НА БИОХЕМИСКИТЕ ПАРАМЕТРИ КАЈ ВОЗРАСНА ПОПУЛАЦИЈА ОД РЕПУБЛИКА КОСОВО ПРЕД И ПО ЛАПАРОСКОПСКА SLEEVE ГАСТРЕКТОМИЈА, СО НУТРИТИВЕН ДИЕТЕТСКИ ПЛАН И ПРЕПОРАКИ
Full text linkRecent Excavations at Markova Kula: A Hellenistic Fortress in the Demir Kapija (Iron Gate) Gorge
Full text linkWe present the results of 2016 and 2025 excavations at Markova Kula, a Hellenistic fortress overlooking the Demir Kapija Gorge. Markova Kula lies along a major trans-Balkan Road route that connects continental Europe with the Mediterranean basin. The Demir Kapija Gorge is the last and most formidable obstacle on this route before reaching the Aegean basin.
The fortress is one of the best-preserved and northernmost examples of Hellenistic architecture on the Balkan mainland. The goals of the excavations were to determine the building plan, chronology, and construction methods at both entrances of the fortress. The excavations demonstrate that the military outpost was built using ashlar masonry techniques during a single construction phase. The fortress has symmetrical measurements, rectangular layout, and sharply defined wall edges, suggesting that it was built following an original architectural plan fully executed during this single phase of construction. During the fieldwork, the building plan was fully documented with scale drawings and drone imagery.
Analysis of artifacts, including coins and ceramics, provides a relative chronology indicating that the fortress was erected during the reign of the Macedonian king Cassander (317/305–297 B.C.E.) and likely abandoned following the Celtic raids in the Balkans in 279 B.C.E. Because Markova Kula was located along a major transportation route, and occupied for a short period of time with no later construction episodes, it is significant for our understanding of Hellenistic military strategies and architecture during late fourth century–early third century B.C.E
The Nexus Between Illicit Economies and Terrorist Financing
Full text linkThe convergence of illicit economies and terrorist financing represents a critical challenge for global security and governance. This chapter examines the connections between them, shedding light on how these economies sustain and enable terrorist organisations globally. A conceptual framework is presented to analyse the reciprocal relationship between illicit economies and terrorist financing, illustrating how these interconnected systems reinforce each other to create a cycle of instability. The chapter explores key mechanisms through which different types of trafficking, smuggling, and illegal trade are exploited to generate financial resources for operational and strategic purposes. By analysing case studies and leveraging empirical data, the chapter identifies common enablers of these linkages, including weak governance, corruption, and the exploitation of transnational criminal networks. Furthermore, the chapter critically evaluates current policy frameworks and international efforts aimed at disrupting these nexuses, offering a nuanced assessment of their effectiveness and limitations. Recommendations are proposed for enhancing countermeasures, including strengthening international cooperation and addressing systemic socio-economic drivers. By bridging theoretical insights with practical considerations, this contribution provides a comprehensive understanding of the nexus between illicit economies and terrorist financing, equipping students, but also policymakers, researchers, and practitioners with actionable knowledge to tackle this pressing global security challenge
Contemporary Role and Importance of Controlling for Successful Modern Business Processes in Tourism
Full text linkControlling, also referred to as management control, is a crucial function in modern business
management. It involves measuring, analyzing, and adjusting the performance of individuals and
organizational units to ensure alignment with strategic goals. In today’s rapidly changing
business environment—characterized by digital transformation, new organizational structures,
and increasing reliance on artificial intelligence—controlling has become even more essential.
Particularly in the tourism and hospitality sector, effective controlling supports the execution of
legal, financial, and operational processes, contributing to organizational agility and
sustainability. This paper explores the contemporary role of controlling within tourism
enterprises, highlighting its strategic importance in ensuring adaptability and successful business
transformation. The study argues that modern organizational structures, supported by integrated
controlling systems, are key to improving performance and achieving long-term success in the
tourism and hospitality industry.
Keywords: Controlling, management functions, business transformation, tourism, hospitality,
business processes
INTEGRATING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY INTO FOOD QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Full text linkAbstract: UV-Vis spectrophotometry has become a common and very practical tool in food quality
control because it is quick, simple to use, and sensitive enough for everyday analyses. With this
technique, laboratories can easily check the levels of nutrients, colorants, additives, and natural
pigments in different food products. It is also frequently used to screen for possible contaminants,
detect signs of adulteration, and observe how products change during processing or storage. In the
context of quality management, UV-Vis helps laboratories make informed decisions and stay aligned
with standards such as HACCP, ISO 22000, and ISO/IEC 17025. These systems depend heavily on
reliable analytical results to identify potential hazards, confirm critical control points, and keep
product specifications stable over time. Although its selectivity is lower than that of more advanced
chromatographic methods like HPLC or GC, UV-Vis remains widely used because it is affordable,
fast, and requires minimal preparation. This review summarizes the fundamental principles of UVVis spectrophotometry, discusses its key applications across different food categories, and illustrates
how the method contributes to quality management and food safety in modern production. The paper
also emphasizes its broad role in ensuring product safety and its ongoing relevance as part of
integrated quality management systems.
Keywords: UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Food, Quality, Control, Analysis, Safety, Analytical
methods, Monitorin
Recovery of shoulder range of motion after proximal humerus fracture: A quantitative research on rehabilitation progression, gender differences and the prognostic value of initial mobility
Full text linkBackground: Proximal humerus fractures are the most common upper limb injuries, affecting the mobility of the shoulder, affecting independence, and quality of life, especially in older adults. Rehabilitation is very important in functional recovery and in preventing chronic disability. Objective: To analyze the duration and progression of range of motion recovery after conservative treatment of proximal humerus fractures and to examine the influence of gender and initial range of motion on rehabilitation. Method: A quantitative, observational research was conducted on eight patients (four male, four female) from 45 to 65 years who went on a structured 12-week rehabilitation program divided into four phases. Range of motion was assessed at the start and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks with a goniometer. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize mean values and progression across phases. Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to examine changes in range of motion over time, and an independent samples t-test was used to compare gender differences. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Notable improvements were observed across all shoulder movements (p < 0.05). Functional elevation, abduction, and extension were restored by week 8-12, while internal and external rotations showed slower recovery. There were no statistically significant gender differences in the time to achieve full range of motion. However, a lower initial range of motion correlated with prolonged rehabilitation duration, indicating prognostic importance. Conclusion: A phased and standardized rehabilitation protocol is effective for restoring full shoulder range of motion within 6-12 weeks after non-operative proximal humerus fractures. Gender does not influence recovery outcomes, while initial range of motion serves as important predictor of rehabilitation duration, supporting individualized rehabilitation planning
Beyond the Battlefield: The Ethical Implications and Regulatory Challenges of Using Autonomous AI Systems for Environmental Security and Resource Protection
Full text linkAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) transitions from military and industrial domains to
environmental science, a fundamental shift toward data-driven methodologies is reshaping planetary protection.
However, this transition frequently imports battlefield logic into conservation, utilizing autonomous systems—
such as drones and machine learning algorithms—that introduce complex ethical and regulatory challenges. This
paper presents a conceptual synthesis of Human-Centered AI (HCAI) frameworks and ecological security
perspectives to address these risks. We identify critical friction points, including anthropocentric biases that
neglect non-human wellbeing, a responsibility gap in autonomous decision-making, privacy infringements
through surveillance, and the paradoxical environmental footprint of AI computing. To mitigate these risks, we
propose three actionable recommendations: incorporating non-anthropocentric metrics into ethical AI standards;
harmonizing transboundary regulatory frameworks to align with global standards like the EU AI Act; and
mandating strictly defined human-in-the-loop protocols for all autonomous environmental interventions
UNDERSTANDING TWEEN AND TEEN SLANG: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA LANGUAGE ON ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Full text linkLanguage is constantly evolving, with slang serving as one of the most dynamic components of linguistic change.
Among tweens and teens, slang has become a defining feature of their social interactions, heavily influenced by
platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat. For educators teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL),
understanding this linguistic phenomenon is crucial for bridging the gap between formal language instruction and
the informal communication styles students encounter daily. This study investigates the relationship between
tween and teen slang, social media language, English proficiency, and communication skills among 10- to 15-
year old students in North Macedonia. A survey was administered to all 119 students (grades 5-9) at a primary
school in Bitola – Republic of North Macedonia, to assess their familiarity with current slang terms, usage
patterns, and perceptions of how social media language affects their overall English proficiency and
communication abilities. The questionnaire included sections on demographics, word recognition and meaning,
familiarity and usage of slang, and open-ended reflections. Preliminary findings reveal initial insights into how
social media slang influences linguistic skills and communication strategies among young English language
learners. The results from this study can further serve to inform educators and policymakers about the evolving
nature of language acquisition in a digital age and guide the development of curricula that leverage social media
for language learning.
Keywords: Tween and Teen Slang, Social Media Language, English Proficiency, Communication Skills, EF
Exploring Semantic Ambiguities in Biotechnology, Food Science, and Nutrition
Full text linkThis paper examines semantic ambiguities in biotechnology, food science, and nutrition, analyzing their impact on scientific communication, regulatory coherence, and public understanding. Key terms including probiotics, enriched, bioavailability, and functional foods are explored through a qualitative thematic analysis of foundational texts such as Hill et al. (2014) on probiotics, the FDA Food Labeling Guide (2022) on enriched, Boon et al. (2019) on bioavailability, and the FAO (2018) report on functional foods- selected for their established authority and prevalent use in expert discourse and education. Additional examples demonstrate how multiple interpretations and misunderstandings manifest in scientific, regulatory, and consumer domains. The findings highlight the urgent need for systematic clarification, harmonization of terminology, and targeted educational strategies to foster transparency, improve policy enforcement, and enhance consumer literacy in evolving biotechnological and nutritional landscapes.
Keywords: Semantic ambiguity, regulatory terminology, food and nutrition vocabulary