Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Ibagué
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Aplicación para el control del proceso de chequeo en área de lubricación y el control de inventario de aceites y grasas en Cemex transportes
No full textCemex es una empresa que se dedica a la producción, distribución, comercialización y venta de cemento, concreto premezclado, agregados y otros materiales de construcción en todo el mundo. Actualmente Cemex Colombia lleva el control de chequeo de suministro y mantenimiento de su flota nacional utilizando una lista de chequeo de forma manual. Este proceso genera varios problemas, entre ellos: tiempo de generación y control de la lista de chequeo, la manipulación de esta hoja de papel (lista de chequeo), que en ocasiones se llena de aceite o hidrocarburos, se ensucia y se daña. Además de esto en algunas ocasiones el escrito a mano no es legible, dificultando el proceso de chequeo. Este proyecto propone el desarrollo de una aplicación encargada de recopilar los datos que se guardan durante el proceso de lubricación, cambio, adición de aceites y grasa en los diferentes tractocamiones de la empresa Cemex, así como el control de inventario de la medida en tiempo real de los depósitos de donde se extraen los líquidos correspondientes para el mantenimiento de los cabezotes de la flota nacional (Colombia). Los cabezotes son la parte delantera de camiones o vehículos de carga y remolque. Esta aplicación está realizada utilizando la plataforma Power Apps y el uso de listas de SharePoint como plataforma de gestión de contenidos, de donde se toma la fuente de información requerida por la aplicación. Así mismo, se utiliza “Power automate” para la automatización de procesos rutinarios. Esta aplicación se desarrolló con el fin de automatizar el proceso de cambios de suministros, adiciones y cantidades por día, de acuerdo con los turnos de los diferentes técnicos asociados a la empresa y encargados de recibir estos datos.Cemex is a company engaged in the production, distribution, marketing and sale of cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates and other construction materials worldwide. Cemex Colombia currently controls supply and maintenance checks of its national fleet using a manual checklist. This manual process generates several problems, time to generate and control the checklist, the handling of this paper sheet (checklist), which sometimes gets filled with oil or hydrocarbons, gets dirty, and is damaged. In addition to this, sometimes the handwriting is not legible, making the checking process difficult. This project proposes the development of an application in charge of collecting the data that is kept during the process of lubrication, change, addition of oils and grease in the different tractor-trailers of the company Cemex, as well as the inventory control of the measurement in real time of the tanks from where the corresponding liquids are extracted for the maintenance of the trucks of the national fleet (Colombia). Headers are the front part of trucks or cargo and towing vehicles. This application is made using the Power Apps platform and the use of SharePoint lists as a content management platform, from which the source of information required by the application is taken. Likewise, “Power automate” is used for the automation of routine processes. This application was developed to automate the process of supply changes, additions and quantities per day, according to the shifts of the different technicians associated with the company and in charge of receiving this data.PregradoIngeniero de SistemasLista de imágenes o figuras .....5
Resumen .....7
Introducción .....9
Capítulo 1: Generalidades .....10
1.1 Contexto del problema .....10
1.2 Objetivos .....11
1.2.1 Objetivos generales .....11
1.2.2 Objetivos específicos .....11
1.3 Justificación .....11
1.4 Necesidad del proyecto .....13
1.5 Impacto del proyecto .....13
1.6 Impacto en el desarrollo regional y nacional .....14
Capítulo 2: Marco teórico .....15
2.1 Automatización de procesos en el sector industrial .....15
2.2 Software en procesos de gestión de inventarios .....15
2.3 Reducción de tiempos con la ayuda de software creado para empresas .....16
2.4 Power apps .....16
2.5 SharePoint .....17
2.6 Power Automate .....17
2.7 UML .....17
2.8 Drummond .....18
2.9 Power Platform .....18
2.10 Digitalización de procesos industriales .....18
Capítulo 3: Desarrollo de la metodología .....19
3.1 Fase 1: Inspección del proceso actual y elicitación de requerimientos .....20
3.2 Fase 2: Desarrollo e implementación de la aplicación .....25
3.3 Fase 3: Publicación de la aplicación .....26
3.4 Fase 4: Resultados obtenidos con el desarrollo de la aplicación .....27
Capítulo 4: Aplicación móvil Lubricación y control inventario para CEMEX .....29
Capítulo 5: Conclusiones y recomendaciones .....39
Referencias bibliográficas .....4
Nonlinear optical and spectroscopic properties, thermal analysis, and hemolytic capacity evaluation of quinoline-1,3-benzodioxole chalcone
No full textThis article describes the synthesis, characterization (1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, HRMS and XRD), UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra, theoretical analysis, evaluation of nonlinear optical properties (NLO), thermal analysis and determination of the hemolytic capacity of the compound (E)-N-(4-(3(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acryloyl)phenyl)quinoline-3-carboxamide (5). Radiological findings showed that compound 5 crystallized in space group Pca21. Furthermore, theoretical DFT studies performed with the B3LYP and M062X functionals showed good agreement with the experimental results and provided valuable information on the molecular and electronic structure, reactivity, polarizability, and kinematic stability of the compound. Besides, compound 5 did not show any hemolytic effect on human erythrocytes and exhibited strong NLO properties. The TG and DTA thermograms of quinoline–chalcone (5) revealed a multi-step thermal decomposition process with a total mass loss of 83.2%, including water content loss. The DTA curves exhibited endothermic peaks corresponding to decomposition steps, melting point, and thermochemical transition. Additionally, exothermic peaks in the DTA thermograms align with significant mass loss, confirming the compound's melting point and water content, as validated by X-ray diffraction analysis. These results contribute to the advancement of research on compounds with NLO properties and offer a promising avenue for the development of substances potentially applicable to optical devices in the biomedical field
Impact assessment of an active transport intervention via systems analytics
No full textThe assessment of urban transport interventions is complex, multi-faceted, and context-dependent. This study proposes a multi-methodology approach called systems analytics to evaluate the potential impact of the implementation of temporary bike paths during the COVID-19 pandemic on Bogotá’s bicycle complex system. The proposed methodology applies systems theory to identify the complexity, barriers, and facilitators of the system and uses statistical and simulation methods to assess the potential impact of temporary bike paths on the safety and quality of life of bicycle users in Bogotá during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the case study indicate that the temporary bike paths could have been a factor that helped reduce bicycle collision rates (by 56%), increased the use of street segments classified with low levels of traffic stress (by 6.22%), and prevented premature deaths (145 per year). The proposed methodology is helpful for policymakers who aim to design active transport interventions in support of a sustainable and healthy environment
Photophysical Analysis of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Luminogens Based on Triphenylamine and Thiophene: Insights into Emission Behavior in Solution and PMMA Films
No full textAggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) luminogens have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive applications in different applications. Among the diverse molecular architectures, those based on triphenylamine and thiophene hold prominence. However, a comprehensive understanding of the deactivation mechanism both in solution and films remains lacking. In this study, we synthesized and characterized spectroscopically two AIE luminogens: 5-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (TTY) and 5′-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5-carbaldehyde (TTO). Photophysical and theoretical analyses were conducted in both solution and PMMA films to understand the deactivation mechanism of TTY and TTO. In diluted solutions, the emission behavior of TTY and TTO is influenced by the solvent, and the deactivation of the excited state can occur via locally excited (LE) or twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. In PMMA films, rotational and translational movements are constrained, necessitating emission solely from the LE state. Nevertheless, in the PMMA film, excimers-like structures form, resulting in the emergence of a longer wavelength band and a reduction in emission intensity. The zenith of emission intensity occurs when molecules are dispersed at higher concentrations within PMMA, effectively diminishing the likelihood of excimer-like formations. Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC) were fabricated to validate these findings, and the optical efficiency was studied at varying concentrations of luminogen and PMMA
Vertical Balance of an Autonomous Two-Wheeled Single-Track Electric Vehicle
No full textIn the dynamic landscape of autonomous transport, the integration of intelligent transport systems and embedded control technology is pivotal. While strides have been made in the development of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, the unique challenges posed by two-wheeled vehicles remain largely unaddressed. Dedicated control strategies for these vehicles have yet to be developed. The vertical balance of an autonomous two-wheeled single-track vehicle is a challenge for engineering. This type of vehicle is unstable and its dynamic behaviour changes with the forward velocity. We designed a scheduled-gain proportional–integral controller that adapts its gains to the forward velocity, maintaining the vertical balance of the vehicle by means of the steering front-wheel angle. The control law was tested with a prototype designed by the authors under different scenarios, smooth and uneven floors, maintaining the vertical balance in all cases
Rapid prey manipulation and bite location preferences in three species of wandering spiders
No full textPredator-prey interactions are the interspecific relationships of greatest interest in ecology. Spiders are among the most diverse and ubiquitous terrestrial predators on the planet. Their large dietary breadth is often linked with the development of specific predatory behaviors and morphological adaptations. However, studies on the predatory behavior of spiders have mostly focused on specialist species, leaving behind the ethological variability occurring in generalist species that allow them to respond to the different prey types. For three species of generalist wandering spiders, we searched images of predation events on the Internet to determine the most common prey. Subsequently, the focal predator species were then used in behavioral experiments. Using high-speed videos, handling patterns for different prey types (spider and cricket) were analyzed. Our results show a notable difference in handling patterns between prey types. We found that the spider prey was often rotated around the axis allowing the predator to bite in the ventral region of the prey and thus avoid a counterattack. Contrary, crickets were arbitrarily rotated. Our work may be an indication that these three species of generalist spiders have a preference for manipulating prey differently with a preference to rotate spiders, allowing them to exploit prey with various defensive mechanisms
Análisis energético del proceso de gasificación de la cascarilla de arroz en el departamento del Tolima
No full textEste estudio evalúa la viabilidad técnica y energética de la gasificación de cascarilla de arroz, un residuo agrícola abundante en el Tolima (Colombia), mediante un modelo matemático que simula condiciones estequiométricas e ideales, con el fin de producir gas de síntesis (syngas) de alto valor energético y analizar su potencial en sistemas de generación eléctrica. La investigación partió de la caracterización de la biomasa, la cual presenta un alto contenido de carbono (38.33%) e hidrógeno (5.17%), junto con bajos niveles de azufre (0.413%) y nitrógeno (0.287%), lo que la identifica como un recurso óptimo para procesos termoquímicos limpios, con capacidades para reducir emisiones en hasta un 60% comparado con combustibles fósiles. Durante la gasificación, se identificaron como variables críticas el flujo de aire y la temperatura: un exceso de aire reduce drásticamente el poder calorífico superior (HHV) del syngas, al favorecer la formación de gases inertes como CO₂ y H₂O en detrimento de compuestos energéticos como H₂, CO y CH₄, los cuales aportan el 80-90% del HHV en condiciones óptimas. Bajo parámetros controlados, el proceso alcanzó una eficiencia del 81%, con un incremento del 43% en el HHV del syngas respecto a la cascarilla cruda (de 15,111 kJ/kg a 21,628.89 kJ/kg), destacándose el hidrógeno (H₂) como el componente principal (87.1% del HHV total), seguido por el CO (7.5%) y el CH₄ (5.4%). Aunque se observó una alta generación de alquitranes, la eficiencia global del proceso validó su viabilidad técnica para transformar residuos en recursos energéticos, incluso en condiciones operativas desafiantes.
Para la conversión energética del syngas, se compararon tres sistemas: motores de combustión interna, ciclo Brayton y ciclo combinado. Los resultados mostraron que, si bien los motores de combustión interna presentan una eficiencia moderada (15-20%) y bajo costo técnico, y el ciclo Brayton alcanza eficiencias del 30-35%, el ciclo combinado supera ampliamente a ambos con una eficiencia hasta 63% mayor que el Brayton y 150% superior al motor de combustión, aunque requiere equipos más robustos. Estos hallazgos resaltan que, a mayor eficiencia, aumenta la complejidad técnica, pero también los beneficios para el abastecimiento energético regional, particularmente en el Tolima, donde la disponibilidad de biomasa residual y la demanda de soluciones sostenibles justifican la implementación de tecnologías avanzadas.
El modelo matemático desarrollado permitió predecir el comportamiento del gasificador y optimizar variables clave, validando la gasificación como una tecnología estratégica para diversificar la matriz energética y promover la sostenibilidad. La cascarilla de arroz no solo demostró ser una fuente versátil para la producción de syngas limpio y de alto rendimiento, sino también una alternativa para mitigar el impacto ambiental de los residuos agrícolas y reducir la dependencia de combustibles fósiles. Este trabajo contribuye a la transición hacia energías renovables en regiones rurales, integrando innovación técnica con impacto socioambiental, y sienta las bases para futuras investigaciones enfocadas en la escalabilidad y adaptación de sistemas de ciclo combinado en contextos locales.This study evaluates the technical and energy feasibility of rice husk gasification, an abundant agricultural residue in Tolima (Colombia), using a mathematical model to simulate stoichiometric and ideal conditions for producing high-energy synthesis gas (syngas) and analyzing its potential in power generation systems. The research began with biomass characterization, revealing high carbon (38.33%) and hydrogen (5.17%) content, along with low sulfur (0.413%) and nitrogen (0.287%) levels, positioning it as an optimal resource for clean thermochemical processes, capable of reducing emissions by up to 60% compared to fossil fuels. During gasification, airflow and temperature were identified as critical variables: excess air drastically reduces the higher heating value (HHV) of syngas by promoting inert gases like CO₂ and H₂O over energetic compounds such as H₂, CO, and CH₄, which contribute 80–90% of the HHV under optimal conditions. Under controlled parameters, the process achieved 81% efficiency, with a 43% increase in syngas HHV compared to raw husks (from 15,111 kJ/kg to 21,628.89 kJ/kg), with hydrogen (H₂) dominating as the primary energy component (87.1% of total HHV), followed by CO (7.5%) and CH₄ (5.4%). Despite significant tar formation, the overall efficiency validated the technical viability of converting waste into energy, even under challenging operational conditions.
For syngas energy conversion, three systems were compared: internal combustion engines, Brayton cycle, and combined cycle. Results showed that while internal combustion engines offer moderate efficiency (15–20%) and low technical costs, and the Brayton cycle reaches 30–35% efficiency, the combined cycle significantly outperforms both, achieving up to 63% higher efficiency than the Brayton cycle and 150% higher than internal combustion engines, albeit requiring more robust equipment. These findings highlight that higher efficiency increases technical complexity but also enhances regional energy supply benefits, particularly in Tolima, where biomass residue availability and demand for sustainable solutions justify advanced technology implementation.
The developed mathematical model predicted gasifier behavior and optimized key variables, validating gasification as a strategic technology to diversify the energy matrix and promote sustainability. Rice husks proved to be a versatile source for producing clean, highyield syngas and a viable alternative to mitigate agricultural waste impact and reduce fossil fuel dependence. This work contributes to the transition toward renewable energy in rural regions, integrating technical innovation with socio-environmental impact, and lays the groundwork for future research on scaling and adapting combined-cycle systems to local contexts.PregradoIngeniero MecánicoIntroducción y planteamiento del problema .... 1
Objetivo General .... 3
Objetivos específicos .... 3
Capítulo 1: Investigación. .... 5
1.1 Biomasa .... 6
1.1.1 Tipos de biomasa .... 6
1.2 Biomasa residual para la producción energética .... 7
1.2.1 Biomasa residual agrícola para generación energética .... 8
1.3 La cascarilla de arroz como biomasa .... 9
1.3.1 El arroz en Colombia .... 10
1.3.2 Producción de arroz en el Tolima .... 10
1.3.3 Variedades de arroz .... 11
1.4 Tecnologías para la conversión de biomasa residual en energía .... 12
1.4.1 Gasificación de la cascarilla .... 13
1.4.2 Variables que influyen en la gasificación .... 14
1.4.3 Tipos de gasificadores de cascarilla de arroz .... 16
Capítulo 2: Caracterización de la cascarilla. .... 19
2.1 Análisis proximal .... 19
2.2 Análisis de espectroscopía infrarroja (FTIR) .... 20
2.3 Análisis Elemental .... 21
2.4 Tamaño de partícula .... 21
2.5 Masa molar .... 22
2.6 Poder calorífico (HHV y LHV) .... 23
2.7 Entalpía de formación de la biomasa .... 25
Capítulo 3: Análisis y funcionamiento del gasificador. .... 27
3.1 Funcionamiento del gasificador .... 27
3.2 Parámetros experimentales empleados .... 28
3.3 Resultados experimentales obtenidos .... 31Capítulo 4: Gas de síntesis .... 33
4.1 Planteamiento del modelo matemático de gasificación .... 33
4.1.1 Relación A/C estequiométrica .... 34
4.2 Balance ideal .... 36
4.3 Balance real .... 38
4.4 Modelo real del gas de síntesis .... 39
4.5 Flujo volumétrico del syngas .... 42
4.6 Densidad del syngas ..... 43
4.7 Poder Calórico Superior (HHV) del Syngas .... 44
Capítulo 5: Evaluación energética. .... 45
5.1 Generación de energía eléctrica .... 45
5.1.1 Generación de energía eléctrica a través de un sistema de motor de combustión interna acoplado a un generador ..... 46
5.1.2 Generación de energía eléctrica a través de un sistema con ciclo Brayton .... 47
5.1.3 Generación de energía eléctrica a través de un sistema con un ciclo Combinado .... 47
5.1.4 Resultados obtenidos .... 48
5.1.5 Indicadores .... 48
5.1.6 Eficiencia de producción .... 49
Capítulo 6: Análisis de resultados. .... 50
7. Conclusiones y recomendaciones .... 53
7.1 Conclusiones .... 53
7.2 Recomendaciones .... 54
Referencias bibliográficas .... 58
A. Anexo: Tablas informativas. .... 62
B. Anexo: Datos experimentales. .... 71
C. Anexo: Reporte de resultados TGA - FTIR .... 9
Narration in the teaching of ethics
No full text“Narration in the Teaching of Ethics”. This paper seeks to call into question the usual way in which ethics is taught and to support the use of narrations as an important pedagogical tool within moral education. Since ethics has less to do with the acquisition of knowledge than with a disposition for action, it could very well use narrative formats to develop the sensibility necessary to build reflexive, critical and empathic citizens. After all, the anthropological nature of human beings is already narrative, and every form of good life implies ultimately the possibility of it being told. The practice of narrating amounts to a defense of the search for and the construction of meaning inside a society where rapidity and fragmentary information seem to determine the only possibility of self-constitution
Pandemic Grief and Suicidal Ideation in Latin American Countries: A Network Analysis
No full textThis study aimed to characterize the network structure of pandemic grief symptoms and suicidal ideation in 2174 people from eight Latin American countries. Pandemic grief and suicidal ideation were measured using the Pandemic Grief Scale and a single item, respectively. Network analysis provides an in-depth characterization of symptom-symptom interactions within mental disorders. The results indicated that, “desire to die,” “apathy” and “absence of sense of life” are the most central symptoms in a pandemic grief symptom network; therefore, these symptoms could be focal elements for preventive and treatment efforts. Suicidal ideation, the wish to die, and the absence of meaning in life had the strongest relationship. In general, the network structure did not differ among the participating countries. It identifies specific symptoms within the network that may increase the likelihood of their co-occurrence and is useful at the therapeutic level
Dreams and fears in the process of creative thinking in children from areas affected by the armed conflict in Colombia
No full textThe development of creativity and creative thinking in early school-age children is a strategy to foster future capabilities for innovation and change. It is also a strategy to instill resilience in these children, enabling them to face the challenges posed by the various environments that surround teaching and learning processes. This article analyzes the dreams and fears expressed by children from educational institutions located in municipalities affected by the armed conflict in Colombia, within the framework of a route designed to develop creativity and innovative thinking. A qualitative narrative analysis methodology was used to characterize and analyze the narratives of 68 co-creativity teams, involving 408 children. The results show that the narratives are influenced not only by the context in which the children live but also by the consequences of the armed conflict in the areas where the schools are located. The findings suggest that educational strategies like the one studied must incorporate elements that allow for adaptation to the context from the design stage, with a differential approach, to generate the expected positive effects in the territories where they are implemented