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Paediatric magnetic resonance imaging adaptations without the use of sedation or anaesthesia: A narrative review
Get PDFMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) produces images with high soft tissue contrast without the use of ionising radiation, making it a valuable tool for scanning paediatrics. However, it can be difficult to scan children when they are awake, resulting often in poor image quality scans and necessitating the use of sedation and general anaesthesia (GA). The aim of sedation and anaesthesia is to reduce anxiety and movement during image acquisition, thereby improving compliance and image quality. However, there are adverse risks and costs to their use, leading to the need to consider alternative imaging adaptation methods. This research discussed potential methods of reducing anxiety and improving paediatric compliance during MRI examinations, by assessing their feasibility for use in the clinical setting. The literature suggests that adaption strategies and modification of radiographer techniques were mostly effective in reducing the requirement of sedation/GA
Describing patterns of known domestic abuse among different ethnic groups
Get PDFDomestic abuse perpetration remains a major threat to public health, safety and wellbeing, causing serious harms and contributing significantly to overall crime globally. In the United Kingdom, research links the crime type to high economic and social costs. In the last 10 years, our collective knowledge of domestic abuse has grown in conjunction with its prioritisation in government policy. Several innovative studies have built a picture of the most serious cases and overall patterns of abuse but to date, examination of these trends by ethnic groups has been limited despite increasing attention to disproportionality in racially minoritised communities in criminal justice system outcomes. In this article we aimed to address this issue through the analysis of 150,000 domestic abuse records kept by police forces in England. Using descriptive statistics, we examined the relative distributions of different ethnicities by suspected offending rate, investigative outcome and crime harm. We found two patterns of note: firstly, that suspects from several categories of minoritized communities are consistently over-represented compared to the White British population among most harmful cases, and secondly, that in Asian communities, offences are less frequently “solved.” We discuss the implications for future research and practice
Understanding sexual violence and factors related to police outcomes
Get PDFIn the year ending March 2020, an estimated 773,000 people in England and Wales were sexually assaulted. These types of crimes have lasting effects on victims’ mental health, including depression, anxiety (Petrak et al., 2007), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Epstein et al., 1997). There is a large body of literature which identifies several factors associated with the likelihood of the victim reporting a sexual assault to the police, and these differences may be due to rape myth stereotypes which perpetuate
the belief that rape is only ‘real’ under certain conditions. Less is known, however, about the effect these rape myths and stereotypes have on the investigation process itself and the subsequent police outcomes assigned to sex offences. This study aimed to address this gap, providing a profile of all RASSO (rape and serious sexual offences) committed over a three-year period in one English police force, the police outcomes of these offences, and whether any offences, suspect, or victim variables were associated
with different outcomes, in particular the decision to charge or cases where victims decline to prosecute. In line with previous research, the majority of victims were female while the majority of suspects were male, and the most frequent victim-suspect relationship was acquaintance, followed by partner/ex-partner. Charge outcomes were more likely in SSOs and less in rape offences, more likely with stranger offences and less likely than offences committed by partners/ex-partners and relatives, and some non-white suspects were more likely to be charged than suspects of other ethnicities, including white suspects. Victim attrition was more likely in cases where the suspect was a partner or ex-partner and least likely where the suspect was a stranger, more likely in SSOs than in rape cases, and more likely when the victim ethnicity was ‘other’. Law enforcement should be aware of the potential biases, both relating to rape myths and stereotypes and to the biased treatment of victims and suspects based on demographic characteristics, and work to eliminate these to ensure a fairer and more effective RASSO investigative process
The effect of two sessions of combined jump and sprint training per week on fitness parameters in soccer players. A randomized controlled trial
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the effect of a combined jump and sprint training program, two sessions a week for 6 weeks, on sprinting, change of directions (COD) and jumping performance in semi-professional soccer players. Twenty soccer players were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial (age 20 ± 2 years, body mass 74.3 ± 5.9 kg). Players were randomized into two groups such as training group (TG, n=10 players) or control group (CG, n=10 players). Physical tests were performed before and after 6 weeks of training such as sprint 10 m, sprint 30 m, 505-COD test and standing long jump (LJ). The two groups performed the same training except for the combined jump and sprint training performed twice a week by TG. After 6 weeks of training, between-group analysis reported statistical difference in favor of the TG in sprint 10 m (p=0.015, η2=0.295, large), sprint 30 m (p<0.001, η2=0.599, large), in 505-COD (p=0.026, η2=0.154, large), and LJ (p=0.025, η2= 0.027, small). These data indicate that combined sprint and jump training, when performed twice a week, for the duration of 6 weeks, in addition to the regular team training, can improve specific physical performance in male soccer players. This study has shown that a volume increment of 10% after 3 weeks of training can be a suitable training dose progression and that a combination of 64-70 jumps and 675-738 m of sprinting training per session can yield benefits in sprint, COD and jump performance
Fostering student's engagement through gamification of a highly intense paper-based decision-making simulated session
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Serious games are a type of technology-enhanced simulation that may provide nursing students, among others, with an opportunity to practice clinical reasoning and decision-making skills in a more realistic and safe environment (1). This innovative educational approach is increasingly gaining visibility and applicability as it constitutes a valid response to the threats posed by the ongoing COVID19 pandemic (2).AIMS
This project aims at responding to the ever-changing educational needs of nursing students during the pandemic through the gamification of a highly intense paper-based decision-making simulated activity.METHOD
The game, designed for both on and off campus use, exposes students to a sequence of four time-based scenarios. Each scenario focuses on a different clinical/behavioural issue. Students work in small groups discussing and prioritising interventions in light of the overall ongoing situation in the ward. Four different scenarios were filmed and embedded in an H5P(3) platform along with specific information on how to navigate the system and to provide the clinical facilitator with the decisions made by the students. The clinical facilitator may interact with each group of students through MS Teams in specific breakout rooms and can provide written as well as audio-video feedback.CONCLUSIONS
The game is at a concept stage and has been tested among nursing faculty members at the University of Suffolk. The preliminary test showed how versatile the new tool is in allowing on/off campus use. It also provides a higher degree of realism with improved opportunities for interaction between students and clinical facilitator - including video-recording based briefing and debriefing. It is less time and human resource intense than the paper-based option. A more extensive test will be conducted in the near future involving a representative sample of nursing students with the aim of acquiring constructive feedback and release of a final usable version of the gam
Peer support between healthcare workers in hospital and out-of-hospital settings: a scoping review
Get PDFBackground and aim: the healthcare workers, mostly in emergency departments, are exposed to emotionally strong situations: this condition often can lead them to operate incorrectly. In the face of the mistake, many of them experience psychological trauma, becoming “second victims” of the event. In this case they can find comfort in dealing with Peers that can help to understand emotions and normalize lived experi- ences. A scoping review was conducted to clarify the key concepts available in the literature and understand Peer Support characteristics and methods of implementation. Methods: scoping review approach of Joanna Briggs Institute was used. "e reviewers analyzed the last twenty-one years of literature and extracted data from relevant studies. Results: 49 articles were relevant. Articles involve mostly physicians and nurses, but all the other healthcare professionals are included. 56% of the articles have been published in the last two years during the Covid 19 pandemic, which revealed the growing need of developing Peer Support programs; the Anglo-Saxon countries are the main geographical area of origin (82%). Peer support emerges as a preclinical psychological support for people involved in tiring situations. It’s based on mutual respect and on voluntary and not prejudicial help. Peers are trained to guide the support relationship. Peer Support can be proposed as one to one/group peer support, or through online platforms. Conclusions: many of the studies aðrm that the personnel involved have benefited from the programs available. It is necessary to carry out further research to determine the pre and post intervention benefits
Molecular phylogeny and systematics of bald uakaris, genus Cacajao Lesson, 1840 (Primates: Pitheciidae), with the description of a new species.
Get PDFBald uakaris, genus Cacajao, are Amazonian primates currently classified as one species and four subspecies based on the patterns of pelage coloration. In this study, we test if their current taxonomy is represented by the phylogenetic relationship of the main lineages retrieved from molecular data. We included, for the first time, all bald uakari taxa in a mitochondrial
(cytochrome b) and genome-wide (ddRAD) phylogenetic analyses. We also examined the pattern of pelage colouration in specimens from zoological collections. Having determined the number of lineages using Maximum Likelihood and the species tree using coalescent analyses, we test their divergence time using a Bayesian approach. While the cytochrome b analysis only recovered two clades, the ddRAD analysis supported the reciprocal monophyly of five lineages of bald uakaris, with all clades including only individuals with distinct and exclusive diagnostic phenotypic characters. We found that species diversification in Cacajao occurred during the last 300 Kya and may have been influenced by the formation of rivers and
flooded forests in western Amazonia. We propose that the four bald uakari subspecies currently recognised can be upgraded to species level and we describe the white uakaris from the basin of the Rio Tarauacá as a new species
The effects of bowling lines and lengths on the spatial distribution of successful power-hitting strokes in international men’s one-day and T20 cricket
Get PDFThis study examined 503 power-hitting strokes that resulted in the maximum of 6-runs being scored in international men’s one-day and T20 cricket. Chi-Squared analyses were conducted to determine if performance and situational variables were associated with the distribution (direction) of aerial power-hitting strokes. Results revealed that bowling length, bowling line, bowler type and powerplays were all significantly (p < 0.001) associated with ball-hitting distribution. Post-hoc analysis of the standardised residuals revealed that greater than expected 6’s were scored behind square, and were associated with short-pitched bowling, fast bowling and the power-play. Similarly, bowling the half-volley length and the outside off line resulted in greater than expected 6’s on the off-side. The results suggest that bowlers should try to avoid offering width outside the off stump as well as bowling the half-volley and short-pitched lengths as these bowling lines and lengths present batters with greater opportunities to score maximum runs. Fast bowling is revealed to be more susceptible to power-hitting strokes than spin bowling. Conversely, batters may wish to target the areas behind square or on the off-side for opportunities to score maximum runs and they should look to take full advantage of the powerplay field restrictions
Investigating the dimensions of students' privacy concern in the collection, use and sharing of data for learning analytics
No full textThe datafication of learning has created vast amounts of digital data which may contribute to enhancing teaching and learning. While researchers have successfully used learning analytics, for instance, to improve student retention and learning design, the topic of privacy in learning analytics from students' perspectives requires further investigation. Specifically, there are mixed results in the literature as to whether students are concerned about privacy in learning analytics. Understanding students' privacy concern, or lack of privacy concern, can contribute to successful implementation of learning analytics applications in higher education institutions. This paper reports on a study carried out to understand whether students are concerned about the collection, use and sharing of their data for learning analytics, and what contributes to their perspectives. Students in a laboratory session (n = 111) were shown vignettes describing data use in a university and an e-commerce company. The aim was to determine students' concern about their data being collected, used and shared with third parties, and whether their concern differed between the two contexts. Students' general privacy concerns and behaviours were also examined and compared to their privacy concern specific to learning analytics. We found that students in the study were more comfortable with the collection, use and sharing of their data in the university context than in the e-commerce context. Furthermore, these students were more concerned about their data being shared with third parties in the e-commerce context than in the university context. Thus, the study findings contribute to deepening our understanding about what raises students’ privacy concern in the collection, use and sharing of their data for learning analytics. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on and the practice of ethical learning analytics