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Weapon violence dataset 2.0: a synthetic dataset for violence detection
Get PDFIn the current era, satisfying the appetite of data hungry models is becoming an increasingly challenging task. This challenge is particularly magnified in research areas characterised by sensitivity, where the quest for genuine data proves to be elusive. The study of violence serves as a poignant example, entailing ethical considerations and compounded by the scarcity of authentic, real-world data that is predominantly accessible only to law enforcement agencies. Existing datasets in this field often resort to using content from movies or open-source video platforms like YouTube, further emphasising the scarcity of authentic data. To address this, our dataset aims to pioneer a new approach by creating the first synthetic virtual dataset for violence detection, named the Weapon Violence Dataset (WVD). The dataset is generated by creating virtual violence scenarios inside the photo-realistic video game namely: Grand Theft Auto-V (GTA-V). This dataset includes carefully selected video clips of person-to-person fights captured from a frontal view, featuring various weapons—both hot and cold across different times of the day. Specifically, WVD contains three categories: Hot violence and Cold violence (representing the violence category) as well as No violence (constituting the control class). The dataset is designed and created in a way that will enable the research community to train deep models on such synthetic data with the ability to increase the data corpus if the needs arise. The dataset is publicly available on Kaggle and comprises normal RGB and optic flow videos
Radio drama and adaptation studies [Introduction]
No full textThe introduction to this special edition discusses some of the key issues in radio drama adaptation and its place within the wider field of adaptation studies. These are primarily focused on the textual and the visual, rather than the aural. Little has been published on radio adaptation and that which is available mainly consists of scattered journal articles and chapters in edited collections. The critical work that does exist often discusses radio in relation to other media, rather than as a form in its own right. Radio drama has also frequently been analyzed as something literary, words on a page, rather than as sound: only a few rare exceptions engage with radio adaptation on a deeper level, offering theoretical and methodological reflections. It is also regularly described as a ‘blind medium’, negating our cognitive and sensory capacity to create the images for ourselves as listeners. This collection brings together a wide range of work considering techniques of adaptation and their transformative effects on their source texts. In doing so, it hopes to lay the foundation for future research
Refocusing marketing effort to support net-positive social impact
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Purpose - Social impact research remains in its infancy. The purpose of the paper is to build on Keeling and Marshall’s (2022) ‘Call for impact’ paper and develop a comprehensive Social Impact Pathway framework. The aim is to encourage marketing researchers, nonprofits, and corporations to pursue impactful work that is valued, planned, monitored, and evaluated.
Design/approach - The conceptual paper explores the complexities of estimating social impact drawing from a range of illustrative cases.
Findings - The paper identifies a lack of clarity in the understanding and application of impact and presents a pathway aimed at increasing focus on social impact across future work to deliver the net-positive changes that are needed to reverse biodiversity decline, climate change, and social and health inequalities that continue to be persist and be experienced by so many planet-wide.
Originality - This paper aims to encourage marketing researchers to engage in social change projects, rather than solely disseminating academic findings. Emphasising the importance of an outside-in approach, this paper highlights the necessity of showcasing accumulated outcomes to demonstrate impact. The paper contributes a pathway forward to encourage and support increased utilisation of the framework in future marketing research.
Practical implications - Mapping and measuring social impact pathways are concerted efforts directing understanding towards identifying the activities that are contributing to the delivery of outputs that can achieve intended outcomes. The measurement of impact directs investment towards activities that ensure net-positive gains are achieved.
Social implications - Ever growing social inequities, health disparities, loss of biodiversity, and environmental degradation occur when practices are left unchecked. A focus on impact avoids greenwashing practices, ensuring that an understanding of what has changed because of our work is transparently reported
Patient, public and practitioner partnership within imaging and radiotherapy: An exploration of the implementation and use of the college of radiographers guiding principles.
Get PDFIn 2014 the National Health Service (NHS) in England released the Five Year Forward plan , envisioning a shift in power from health professionals to patients and the public. In response the Society and College of Radiographers (SCoR) produced the "Patient, Public and Practitioner Partnership within Imaging and Radiotherapy: Guiding Principles" (P4) document which was implemented within four domains of radiography practice; service delivery, service development, education and research . This project explored how these guidelines were implemented; and whether improvement to the quality and scope were needed, leading to making recommendations for updating the document. A mixed methods design was adopted with two phases. Phase 1 - a survey exploring use of the P4 document's guiding principles. There was no maximum number of participants to ensure inclusivity. Phase 2 - one focus group and four one-to-one interviews from the four domains . 626 participants completed the phase 1 survey. 18.85% (n=118) of participants were aware of the document and used it as a reference tool for practice, teaching, and research. 81.15% (n=508) of participants stated they were unaware of the document. Themes from phase 2; importance of service user involvement in service delivery and evaluation, resources to ensure service user involvement, suggestions to update the P4 document and use of the P4 document in radiographer education. Participants acknowledged guidance in the document was best practice. They reported more awareness of patients' needs and the effect this has on radiographers in supporting their needs. Participants recommended the document be given greater visibility. The voices of patients and the public must be heard within radiography practice. Feedback from this study can be used for the future development of the P4 document. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
An initial exploration of factors that may impact radiographer performance in reporting mammograms
Get PDFIn the United Kingdom, radiographers with a qualification in image interpretation have interpreted mammograms since 1995. These radiographers work under the title of radiography advanced practitioners (RAP) or Consultant Radiographer. This study extends upon what has been very recently published by exploring further clinical, non-clinical and experiential factors that may impact the reporting performance of RAPs. Fifteen RAPs interpreted an image test set of 60 2D mammograms of known truth using the Detected-X software platform. Unknown to the reader, twenty cases contained a malignancy. Sensitivity, specificity, lesion sensitivity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and jack-knife free response operating characteristic (AFROC) values were established for each RAP. Specific features that had significant impact on accuracy were identified using Student's-T and Mann Whitney tests. RAPs with more than 10 years' experience in image interpretation, compared to those with less than 10 years' experience, demonstrated lower specificity (51.3% vs 84.8%, p = 0.0264), ROC (0.83 vs 0.91, p = 0.0264) and AFROC (0.75 vs 0.87, p = 0.0037) values. Further, higher sensitivity values of 90.7% were seen in those RAPs who had an eye test in the last year compared to those who had not, 82% (p = 0.021). Other changes are presented in the paper. These data reveal previously unidentified factors that impact the diagnostic efficacy of RAPs when interpreting mammographic images. Highlighting such findings will empower screening authorities to better examine ways of standardising performance and offer a baseline for performance benchmarks. This study for the first time performs an initial exploration of the factors that may be associated with RAP performance when interpreting screening mammograms. [Abstract copyright: Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Field trips and experiential learning in European Union politics
No full textAs a form of experiential learning, field trips offer a way for students to connect what they learn in the classroom with how they work in the real world. In the case of EU politics, field trips offer students the opportunity to physically observe the object of their study and develop an appreciation of the more 'social' side of European integration and the 'Brussels bubble'. This chapter advocates for the greater use of field trips in the teaching of European Studies by setting out their advantages to students’ learning and study experience more broadly. The chapter also discusses a range of practical considerations associated with field trips together with potential challenges and how they may be overcome
Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on jump, sprint and change of direction performance in male soccer players
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of vertical (VPT), horizontal (HPT) and combined vertical and horizontal (V+HPT) plyometric training on sprint, jump and change of direction (COD) performance in adult male soccer players. Method: Participants were randomly allocated into VPT (n=8), HPT (n=8) and V+HPT (n=8) groups which undertook eight weeks of PT, executing 100 foot contacts per session, twice weekly. Results: Though demonstrably effective, no specific one of the three applied programmes enhanced performance to a greater extent than another with only the 40 m sprint for the HPT group (mean difference = 0.07 s [HPT] vs. 0.04 s [VPT] and 0.04 s [V+HPT]) and the vertical jump for the V+HPT group (mean difference = 4.5 cm [V+HPT] vs. 4.0 cm [VPT] and 3.25 cm [HPT]) appearing to deviate from a uniform pattern of group level adaptation across the performance tests. Conclusion: A total volume of 100 foot contacts per session, twice per week for eight weeks was sufficient to achieve the observed changes. Though jump and changing direction performance were enhanced, linear sprint performance was largely unchanged and so a more complete and intense programme may have been warranted. No method was superior to another in eliciting changes across these tests and a directionally-specific pattern of adaptation was not apparent
On-field rehabilitation in football: current practice and perceptions. A survey of the English Premier League and Football League
Get PDFIntroduction: Return to play related research is increasing rapidly, with two recent competency-based frameworks offering conceptualised support for on-field rehabilitation (OFR) decision-making. It is still unknown, however, who is responsible for OFR and how they typically select, monitor, and progress OFR processes
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate current OFR practice within English professional football to support practitioners with decision-making and highlight opportunities for future research related to the design, monitoring, and progression of OFR.
Methods: Sixty-nine practitioners responsible for the design and implementation of OFR at 69 clubs (75% of the English Premier League and Football League) responded to a survey containing 30 questions (14 open and 16 closed).
Results: The main findings were that therapists (physiotherapists/sports therapists) have the largest influence on OFR, followed by physical performance coaches (sports scientists/strength and conditioning coaches), technical coaches and medical doctors. There was more agreement for the ordering of specific OFR drills earlier in the process when activities are easier to control. The most frequently reported objective monitoring tool was global positioning systems (GPS), with functional/clinical experience/ expertise remaining subjectively vital. GPS outputs (e.g., sprint metrics and accelerations/decelerations) were most used for between session decision-making, with verbal communication being key for within session decision-making.
Conclusion: Future research should use evidence of current practice, such as drill design and monitoring techniques, to explore drill-level analysis and give practitioners greater insights into which stage of current OFR frameworks specific drills fall, and how they might be more objectively progressed/ regressed
