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Le travail comme expérience de la sérialité : tracer la souffrance au travail en Turquie
No full textCet article vise à révéler les expériences particulières au travail, vécues comme des frustrations profondes et des souffrances par les individus mobilisés dans des « plateformes de résistance ». Il s’agit des expériences de sérialité vécues tout contrairement à la libre expression de la subjectivité et de l’autonomie individuelle qu’ils espèrent tirer du travail. L’article se focalise sur cette expérience contradictoire entre la mobilisation de la subjectivité au travail et l’expérience de sérialité des individus qui se manifeste plus particulièrement par des vécus de l’aliénation et de la non-reconnaissance au travail en tant que sujet. Ces expériences de sérialité constituent les raisons principales de la mobilisation. Celle-ci est née à la suite des licenciements d’un groupe d’ingénieurs d’IBM Turquie à Istanbul, juste au début de la crise de 2008 en raison de leur demande de syndicalisation contre la perte des droits sociaux. Ces licenciements étaient un choc pour les ingénieurs du monde de technologie informatique en Turquie, parce qu’ils constituaient une rupture dans leurs vies personnelle et professionnelle, une rupture entre le discours de subjectivation par un travail intellectuel et l’expérience de désubjectivation. Les ingénieurs licenciés ont fondé en 2008 une plateforme qui s’appelle « Plateforme Plaza-Action ». En 2013, deux autres plateformes se sont fondées : « Fuis et viens chez nous » et « Ouvriers en cols blancs ». Les plateformes sont composées par des travailleurs salariés et non salariés (free-lance, entrepreneurs classiques et personnes qui exercent une profession libérale mais ayant déjà eu une expérience de travail salarié) possédant divers professions et métiers, ainsi que par des chômeurs, et qui se sont mobilisés ensemble sous forme de réseaux sociaux
Kar amacı gütmeyen kurumların finansal sağlığı : kar amaçsız finansal refah ve muhasebe süreçleri üzerine bir araştırma
Get PDFBu tez, kar amacı gütmeyen kurumların finansal sağlığını kantitatif ve kalitatif olmak üzere iki boyutta ele almaktadır. Bu bütüncül yaklaşımı desteklemek için kar amaçsız finansal sağlık ile insan sağlığı arasında analojiler oluşturulmaktadır. Tezin ana içeriğinden önce kavramlar açıklığa kavuşturulmakta, yasal çerçeve ve muhasebe standartları tartışılmakta, daha sonra literatüre dayalı olarak kar amaçlı ve kar amacı gütmeyen muhasebe uygulamaları arasındaki farklar ortaya konmaktadır. Bu farklılıklar, kar amacı gütmeyen kuruluşlara rehberlik etmek açısından uluslararası kabul görmüş finansal raporlama standartlarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu yönündeki argümanları desteklemektedir. Finansal sağlığın ölçülmesi büyük ölçüde muhasebe süreçlerinden elde edilen verilere bağlı olduğundan, kuruluşların finansal raporlamada karşılaştıkları zorlukları belirlemek bu tezin amaçları arasındadır. Bu bağlamda incelenen tüm konular ya sektöre özgüdür ya da kar amacı gütmeyen sektörde önemli ölçüde daha yaygındır. Kantitatif araştırma kapsamında ise Türkiye merkezli üyesi olunan kuruluşların finansal sağlıkları oran analizi temelinde değerlendirilmektedir. Üyesi olunan kurumlarının genel finansal performansını ölçmek için tipik bir endüstri oranı analizi yapılmıştır. Oran analizine ek olarak, literatür taramasında diğer ölçüm yöntemleri de gösterilmiştir. Kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluşların finansal sağlığını ölçmenin en iyi yönteminin hangisi olduğu konusunda genel bir uzlaşı yoktur.This thesis addresses the financial health of non-profit institutions in two dimensions: quantitative and qualitative. Analogies between nonprofit financial health and human health are drawn in order to justify this holistic approach. Before the main content of the thesis, the concepts are clarified, the legal framework and accounting standards are discussed, and then, based on the literature, the differences between nonprofit and for profit accounting practices are revealed. These differences support the arguments that there is a need for internationally accepted financial reporting standards to guide nonprofits. Since measuring financial health is highly dependent on the data obtained from accounting processes, identifying the challenges organizations face in financial reporting are among the objectives of this thesis. All issues examined in this regard are either sector specific or significantly more common in the non-profit sector. And within the scope of the quantitative research, financial health of Turkey-based membership organizations is evaluated on the basis of ratio analysis. A typical industry ratio analysis is conducted to measure the aggregate financial performance of membership institutions. In addition to ratio analysis, other measurement methods are also shown in the review of literature. There is no general agreement over the best method of measuring financial health of nonprofits
Insights into the structural properties of SARS-CoV-2 main protease
No full textSARS-CoV-2 is the infectious agent responsible for the coronavirus disease since 2019, which is the viral pneumonia pandemic worldwide. The structural knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 is rather limited. These limitations are also applicable to one of the most attractive drug targets of SARS-CoV-2 proteins – namely, main protease Mpro, also known as 3C-like protease (3CLpro). This protein is crucial for the processing of the viral polyproteins and plays crucial roles in interfering viral replication and transcription. In fact, although the crystal structure of this protein with an inhibitor was solved, Mpro conformational dynamics in aqueous solution is usually studied by molecular dynamics simulations without special sampling techniques. We conducted replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations on Mpro in water and report the dynamic structures of Mpro in an aqueous environment including root mean square fluctuations, secondary structure properties, radius of gyration, and end-to-end distances, chemical shift values, intrinsic disorder characteristics of Mpro and its active sites with a set of computational tools. The active sites we found coincide with the currently known sites and include a new interface for interaction with a protein partner
Explainable ensemble learning models for the rheological properties of self-compacting concrete
No full textSelf-compacting concrete (SCC) has been developed as a type of concrete capable of filling narrow gaps in highly reinforced areas of a mold without internal or external vibration. Bleeding and segregation in SCC can be prevented by the addition of superplasticizers. Due to these favorable properties, SCC has been adopted worldwide. The workability of SCC is closely related to its yield stress and plastic viscosity levels. Therefore, the accurate prediction of yield stress and plastic viscosity of SCC has certain advantages. Predictions of the shear stress and plastic viscosity of SCC is presented in the current study using four different ensemble machine learning techniques: Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest, and Categorical Gradient Boosting (CatBoost). A new database containing the results of slump flow, V-funnel, and L-Box tests with the corresponding shear stress and plastic viscosity values was curated from the literature to develop these ensemble learning models. The performances of these algorithms were compared using state-of-the-art statistical measures of accuracy. Afterward, the output of these ensemble learning algorithms was interpreted with the help of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis and individual conditional expectation (ICE) plots. Each input variable's effect on the predictions of the model and their interdependencies have been illustrated. Highly accurate predictions could be achieved with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96 for both shear stress and plastic viscosity
Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions in neurodegenerative diseases
Get PDFMany diferent intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. These types of proteins including amyloid-?, tau, ?-synuclein, CHCHD2, CHCHD10, and G-protein coupled receptors are increasingly becoming evaluated as potential drug targets in the pharmaceutical-based treatment approaches. Here, we focus on the neurobiology of this class of proteins, which lie at the center of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, and mitochondrial myopathy. Furthermore, we discuss the current treatment design strategies involving intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we emphasize that although the G-protein coupled receptors are traditionally investigated using structural biology-based models and approaches, current studies show that these receptors are proteins with intrinsically disordered regions and therefore they require new ways for their analysis
A contemporary source about the Ottoman-Russian war of 1768-1774
Get PDF1768-1774 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’nın askerî safahatı ülkemizde yeni yeni müstakil çalışmalara konu olmaktadır. Diğer yandan savaşa dair birçok çağdaş Batı kaynağı da mevcuttur, fakat bunlardan bazıları incelenmemiştir. Bu kaynaklardan biri, önde gelen Venedikli Aydınlanmacılar arasında yer alan Domenico Caminer’in İtalyanca hazırladığı ve Antonio Graziosi tarafından 1770 yılında 10 fasıl hâlinde basılan Storia della guerra presente tra la Russia e la porta Ottomana (Rusya ve Bâbıâli Arasındaki Mevcut Savaşın Tarihi) isimli eserdir. Aynı eser bir süre sonra Christoph Heinrich Korn ve Johann Christoph Schmidlin tarafından Almanca’ya tercüme edilmiş, genişletilerek peyderpey 1771-1775 yılları arasında 36 fasıl hâlinde ve 3.008 sayfa olarak basılmıştır. Daha savaş devam ederken neşredilmeye başlanmış olan bu kaynak Osmanlı askerî ve siyasî tarihi açısından kıymetli olup mercek altına alınmaya değerdir. Bu kaynak sayesinde Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması’yla son bulan muharebeye dair yeni bilgiler elde etmek ve bazı eksikliklerimizi ikmal etmek mümkün olacaktır. Bu nedenle bu makalede, 1768-1774 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi’ni konu edinen söz konusu çağdaş Alman kaynağın bir özeti verilmektedir.The military phases of the Ottoman-Russian War of 1768-1774 have only recently become the subject of separate studies in Turkey. Conversely, there are many contemporary sources about the war, but some of them have not been researched. One of these sources is Storia della guerra presente tra la Russia e la porta Ottomana (History of the present war between Russia and the Ottoman Porte), prepared in Italian by the Venetian Domenico Caminer, a leading figure of the Venetian Enlightenment, and published in 10 chapters by Antonio Graziosi in 1770. The same work was shortly afterwards translated into German by Christoph Heinrich Korn and Johann Christoph Schmidlin, expanded and published gradually in 36 chapters and 3,008 pages between 1771-1775. This publication, which was published during the war, is valuable in terms of Ottoman military and political history and needs to be analyzed. On account of this source, it will be possible to acquire new information about the battle that ended with the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, and fill in some of our gaps. Therefore, a summary of the contemporary mentioned source about the Ottoman-Russian War of 1768-1774 is given in this article
A brief analysis of the grain corridor agreement in terms of international law
Get PDF24 Şubat 2022 Perşembe günü Rusya Federasyonu tarafından Ukrayna topraklarına yönelik başlatılan askeri saldırı, uluslararası toplumda yoğun tepkiler doğurmuştur. Bu tepkiler sonucunda, başta Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyeleri tarafından Rusya’ya yönelik geniş kapsamlı yaptırım kararları alınmıştır. Öte yandan, Rusya’nın Ukrayna limanlarına yönelik uyguladığı askeri abluka nedeniyle, Ukrayna’dan başta Kuzey Afrika ülkelerine olmak üzere 3. ülkelere yönelik tahıl ihracatı engellenmektedir. Bu durum, Dünya tahıl fiyatlarında yüksek fiyat artışına yol açarak, küresel düzeyde bir gıda güvenliği sorununa ve açlık tehdidine sebep olmuştur. Bu sorunun çözümü için başta Türkiye olmak üzere BM aracılığıyla yürütülen diplomatik girişimler başarılı olmuş ve 22 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde Rusya, Ukrayna, Türkiye ve BM tarafından kısaca “Tahıl Koridoru Andlaşması” olarak ifade edilen “Tahıl ve Yiyecek Maddelerin Ukrayna Limanlarından Emniyetli Sevki Girişimi Belgesi” imzalanmıştır. Bu andlaşma ile Ukrayna’nın Odesa, Çornomorsk ve Yujniy limanları üzerinden çizilen kırmızı hat boyunca güvenli rotaların oluşturulması ve bu güvenli koridorlardan yararlanılarak gıda sevkiyatının sağlanması gıda maddelerinin ve özellikle de tahıl ürünlerinin güvenli bir şekilde geçişi sağlanarak, küresel gıda fiyatlarının ve gıda kıtlığının azaltılması amaçlanmıştır. İmzalanmasında Türkiye’nin de önemli rol üstlendiği bu uzlaşma metninin hazırlık süreci, kapsamı ve uygulanmasının hukuki olarak değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.On Thursday 24 February 2022, the military aggression launched by the Russian Federation against the territory of Ukraine provoked intense reactions from the international community. As a result of these reactions, the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) have adopted comprehensive sanctions against Russia. On the other hand, Russia’s military blockade of Ukrainian ports prevents grain exports from Ukraine to third countries, particularly to North African countries. This has led to a sharp increase in world grain prices, causing a global food security problem and threat of hunger. Diplomatic initiatives carried out through the UN, particularly by Turkey, have been successful in solving this problem and on 22 July 2022, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN signed the “Document on the Initiative for the Safe Shipment of Grain and Foodstuffs from Ukrainian Ports”, shortly referred to as the “Grain Corridor Treaty”. With this agreement, it is aimed to establish safe routes along the red line drawn through the ports of Odessa, Chornomorsk and Yujniy in Ukraine and to ensure food shipments by utilizing these safe corridors, to reduce global food prices and food shortages by ensuring the safe passage of foodstuffs and especially grain products. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the preparation process, scope and implementation of this compromise text, in which Turkey played an important role
Faculae Cancel out on the Surfaces of Active Suns (vol 934, L23, 2022)
No full textIn Figures 1 and 2(a) the values given on the x- and y-axes, as well as the values on the x-axis given in Figure 2(b), do not correspond to the disk area coverage in percent. The values must be multiplied by 10 in order to be in units of percent of the solar/stellar disk. These plots were solely for demonstration purposes of the change in the area coverages with increasing stellar activity and do not affect the following results and conclusions
Turkish–Balkan interactions: Impact of historical legacy, global (Dis) order, and agency
Get PDFIn 2020, as the world was trying to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic, the impact of climate change including numerous floods and forest fires seemed to have come to a truly alarming point. Both the global health crisis and human-made natural disasters are just two examples of the nontraditional threats faced by humanity. These asymmetrical threats keep pushing the states to implement fundamental changes in their approach toward world politics. In fact, countries’ performance in terms of their responses to these crises will affect the success of their foreign policy as well