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Optimum Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns in Case of Fire
No full textWhen designing load-bearing reinforced concrete components, external factors such as fire should be taken into account in addition to horizontal and vertical forces. Parameters such as cross-section of the reinforced concrete components, concrete cover, material properties and quantity of the concrete steel affect significantly the fire resistance of the reinforced concrete section exposed to fire. In this study, optimal cross-sections are obtained for 30, 60 and 90 fire duration taking into account the different cross-sections and concrete cover of the reinforced concrete column. The method for calculating the optimal sections of reinforced concrete columns is the modified metaheuristic algorithm, which is a combination of Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) with Jaya Algorithm (JA). The behavior of reinforced concrete column in case of fire is investigated according to EN-1992-1-2 (Eurocode 2: Design of reinforced concrete structures-Part 1–2: General rules—Structural fire design). The Eurocode offers 3 different methods for the fire design of concrete structures (simplified, advanced calculation methods and the tabulated date). In this study, optimal results are obtained in the tabulated date section. Thus, some limitations in EN-1992-1-2 such as minimum reinforcement cross-sectional area and column buckling length have been overcome. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Varieties of nationalism in the political discourses of Habsburg Austria
No full textNationalism in the Habsburg Empire is traditionally viewed through an ethnic lens. Despite a growing literature on 'national indifference' that studies nationalism in Habsburg central Europe from a constructivist perspective and advances our knowledge concerning variations in national identifications, the nationalism implied in these works remains largely limited to an exclusionary ethnic type. This reductionist view of central European nationalism mirrors the traditional dichotomy of ethnic 'Eastern' versus civic 'Western' nationalism. In order to avoid this reduction, this article approaches nationalism as a thin-centred ideology and explores varieties of nationalism in Habsburg Austria during the long 19th century. Although certain ideational paths made ethno-nationalism appear, retrospectively, as a quasi-natural feature of central Europe, the findings show that there developed rival discursive traditions of nationalism and competing representations of nation
Editorial: Responsible Research and Innovation as a toolkit: indicators, application, and context
No full text[No abstract available]Bundesministerium fr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) [FKZ: 03EI5206]This study was supported by Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) FKZ: 03EI5206(A/B/C)
Yabancı dil olarak Almanca için hazırlanan güncel ders kitaplarında Türk ve Türkiye imgesinin sunumu
No full textZwischen Deutschland und der Türkei bestehen vielfältige Beziehungen. Einerseits ist Deutschland der wichtigste Wirtschaftspartner sowie Investor in der Türkei. Zudem bilden die Deutschen die Mehrheit der Touristen in der Türkei. Andererseits bilden über drei Millionen Menschen türkischer Herkunft die gro?ßte Gruppe ehemaliger Einwanderer, die heute dauerhaft in Deutschland leben. (Auswärtiges Amt 2022b) Dementsprechend ist zu erwarten, dass Aspekte der türkisch-deutschen Beziehungen zu einem gewissen Grad auch in Lehrwerken repräsentiert werden. Es stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss die Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei auf die Gestaltung der DaF-Lehrwerke haben. Der Ausgangspunkt dieser Masterarbeit ergab sich aus der Intention zu analysieren, inwiefern die Vielfalt des deutschsprachigen Raumes in Bezug auf seine gro?ßte Minderheit in Deutschland - die Türkeistämmigen - auch in gängigen Lehrwerken für Deutsch als Fremdsprache widergespiegelt wird. Dementsprechend befasst sich die vorliegende Masterarbeit mit dem Stellenwert des Türken- und Türkeibildes1 in den jüngsten DaF - Lehrwerken, die zwischen den Jahren 2010 und 2022 vero?ffentlicht wurden. Zudem wird ermittelt, welchen Bezug ihre Darstellung im Hinblick auf die türkisch-deutschen Beziehungen hat. Basierend auf Ro?sler (2012) wird in dem empirischen Teil dieser Arbeit eine synchrone, beschreibende und interpretative Lehrwerkanalyse und eine empirische Studie auf der Basis der Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015) durchgeführt. Mit dieser qualitativen Methode wird das gewonnene Datenmaterial analysiert und kategorisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Darstellung des Türken- und Türkeibildes sich in 6 Themenbereiche einordnen lässt und zudem der Stellenwert in Lehrwerken die türkisch deutschen Beziehungen historisch widerspiegelt.Almanya ile Türkiye arasındaki ilişkiler çok yo?nlüdür. Almanya bir yandan Türkiye'nin en o?nemli ekonomik ortağı ve yatırımcısıdır. Ayrıca, Türkiye'ye gelen turistlerin çoğunluğunu Almanlar oluşturmaktadır. Öte yandan, üç milyondan fazla Türkiye ko?kenli insan, şu anda Almanya'da kalıcı olarak yaşayan en büyük eski go?çmen grubunu oluşturuyor. (Auswärtiges Amt 2022b) Buna bağlı olarak, Türk-Alman ilişkilerinin de ders kitaplarında belirli bir o?lçüde temsil edilmesi beklenmelidir. Almanya ve Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin DaF ders kitaplarının tasarımı üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğu sorusu akla gelmektedir. Bu yüksek lisans tezinin çıkış noktası, Almanya'daki en büyük azınlık olan Türk ko?kenlilerle ilgili olarak Almanca konuşulan dünyanın çeşitliliğinin, yabancı dil olarak Almanca için mevcut ders kitaplarına ne o?lçüde yansıtıldığını analiz etme niyetiydi. Bu doğrultuda, bu yüksek lisans tezi, 2010 ve 2022 yılları arasında yayınlanan en son DaF ders kitaplarındaki Türk ve Türkiye imajının durumunu ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, bu tasvirlerin Türk-Alman ilişkileriyle nasıl bir ilişkisi olduğu da belirlenecektir. Bu tezin ampirik kısmında Ro?sler'e (2012) dayanarak eş zamanlı, betimleyici ve yorumlayıcı bir ders kitabı analizi ve Mayring'e (2015) go?re içerik analizine dayalı ampirik bir çalışma yapılacaktır. Bu nitel yo?ntemle, elde edilen veri materyali analiz edilip ardından kategorize edilecektir. Sonuçlar, Türk ve Türkiye imajının tasvirinin 6 temada kategorize edilebileceğini ve ayrıca ders kitaplarındaki durumun Türk-Alman ilişkilerini tarihsel olarak yansıttığını go?stermektedir
The efect of RCA pavements on the liquefaction?induced settlement
No full textThe use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) not only reduces the demand for natural aggregates (NA) but also might improve the behavior of soil under earthquake loading. In this study, the behavior of the pavement constructed using 100% RCA and NA on a sandy soil layer with high liquefaction potential under dynamic loads was investigated by numerical analysis and compared with free feld conditions. For this purpose, frst, the classical geotechnical properties of 100% RCA and NA materials were obtained, and then the stifness properties were determined by resilient modulus and permanent deformation tests. In the second stage, three diferent models were created with pavement with NA and RCA and without pavement on high liquefaction potential sand, and dynamic analyses were carried out by PM4Sand. Numerical analyses show that constructing a subbase and base layers signifcantly reduces liquefaction-induced settlement on the surface of fexible pavements built on liquefed soils. Moreover, when the case of using RCA instead of NA in the subbase and base layers built on the liquefed soil is examined, the liquefaction-induced settlement values on the surface are obtained either lower or very close. Consequently, this study proposes a new alternative to the use of RCA waste materials instead of NA. It is expected the use of these waste materials will reduce the need for storage space and also reduce the negative environmental efects associated with storag
Advanced mechanical and microstructural characterization of rear bumper material produced from hosehold waste
No full textIn this study, the usability of the composite material, which is the result of adding an organic decarbonizer to the talc reinforced polypropylene matrix, as a rear bumper in passenger buses, is investigated. In this context, it is aimed to obtain a cheap, sustainable and environmentally friendly composite. The mentioned organic decarbonizer is created from unsorted household waste and its average carbon footprint is -11.7 kg/CO2eq. The carbon footprint of polypropylene, which is used as a matrix material, is 2.8 kg/CO2eq. Four observation groups were formed based on the results of life cycle analyzes and carbon footprint contributions. These groups are respectively 10% decarbonizer + 20% talc, 20% decarbonizer +15% talc, 25% decarbonizer + 12% talc and 37% decarbonizer + 10% talc. In order to evaluate its usability as a rear bumper in passenger buses, advanced mechanical characterization and microstructural examination of the observation groups were carried out. In order to observe the performance decrease that may occur due to temperature over time, the same experiments were repeated on the samples that underwent accelerated thermal aging at 100 ?C for 7 days. In the results obtained, it was seen that the decarbonizer behaves in a fibrous structure inside the material, but is not surrounded by the matrix. At the same time, it was seen that the distribution of the decarbonizer material in the matrix was random and did not have any orientation. It has been determined that as the ratio of decarbonizer increases, the matrix-decarbonizer interaction, which weakens the material by creating stress concentration areas in the material, increases and this situation deteriorates the mechanical properties of the material. In the tensile tests, impact tests and bending tests, it was observed that the strength and toughness of the material decreased as the decarbonizer ratio in the material increased and the talc ratio decreased, as well as the ductility of the material. As a result of thermal aging, a 1% decrease was observed in tensile strength in all observation groups, while an increase between 3% and 12% was observed in elongation at break. In the impact tests, a decrease of up to 18% was observed in the impact strength of the samples subjected to thermal aging. In the observation group containing 25% decarbonizer and 12% talc, results were obtained that do not comply with the trend of deterioration of mechanical properties due to the increasing decarbonizer ratio in the material in impact strength and flexural strength. The reason for this behavior has not been determined yet, and this issue will be emphasized in the next study.Bu çalışmada 21. Yüzyılın en büyük problemlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen şirketlerin ve bireylerin artan karbon ayak izini azaltmaya yönelik geri dönüşüme yeni bir soluk getiren organik bir decarbonizer’in talc takviyeli polipropilen matrise eklenmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan kompozit malzemenin yolcu otobüslerinde arka tampon olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ucuz, sürdürülebilir, çevre dostu bir kompozit elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bahsi geçen organik decarbonizer ayrıştırılmamış ev atıklarından oluşturulmakta olup ortalama karbon ayak izi -11.7 kg/CO2eq’dir. Matris olarak kullanılan polipropilen ’in karbon ayak izi ise 2,8 kg/CO2eq’dir. Yaşam döngüsü analizleri sonucu ve karbon ayak izi katkıları göze alınarak dört adet gözlem grubu oluşturulmuştur. Bu gruplar sırasıyla 10% decarbonizer + 20% talc, 20% decarbonizer +15% talc, 25% decarbonizer + 12% talc ve 37% decarbonizer + 10% talc oranlarındadır. Yolcu otobüslerinde arka tampon olarak kullanılabilirliğini değerlendirmek adına gözlem grupların ileri seviye mekanik karakterizasyon ve mikroskobik yapı incelemesi yapılmıştır. Zamanla sıcaklığa bağlı meydana gelebilecek performans düşümünü de gözlemlemek amacı ile 7 gün 100 ?C hızlandırılmış ısıl yaşlandırma yapılan numunelerde de aynı deneyler tekrarlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda decarbonizer’in malzemenin içinde fibersi bir yapıda davrandığı fakat matris tarafından sarılmadığı görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda decarbonizer malzemenin matris içindeki dağılımının da rastgele olduğu ve bir yönlenmesi olmadığı görülmüştür. Decarbonizer’in oranı arttıkça malzemede gerilim konsantrasyon oranları yaratarak malzemeyi zayıflatan matris-decarbonizer etkileşiminin arttığı ve bu durumun malzemenin mekanik özelliklerinin kötüleştiği saptanmıştır. Çekme testleri, darbe testleri ve eğme testlerinde malzemedeki decarbonizer alanları arttıkça ve talc oranı azaldıkça malzemenin mukavemetinin ve tokluğunun azaldığı aynı zamanda duktilitesinin de düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Termal yaşlandırma sonucu çekme mukavemetinde bütün gözlem gruplarında %1 lik bir düşüş gözlemlenirken, kopma uzamasında %3 ila %12 arasında bir artış görülmüştür. Darbe testlerinde termal yaşlandırmaya tabi tutulan numunelerde darbe dayanımında %18’e kadar düşüş görülmüştür. 25% decarbonizer ve 12% talc içeren gözlem grubunun darbe dayanımında ve eğme dayanımında malzemedeki artan decarbonizer oranına bağlı olarak mekanik özelliklerin kötüleşmesi trendine uymayan sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu davranışın nedeni henüz belirlenememiş olup gelecek çalışmada bu konuya ağırlık verilecektir
“Children at Our Door”: An insight into children’s geographies from the ferris wheel
Get PDFDönme Dolap farklı coğrafyalardaki iki farklı çocukluk deneyimi üzerinden bir göç yolculuğunun yankılarını ele alan resimli bir kitaptır. Bu çalışmada Dönme Dolap göstergebilimsel analize tabi tutularak göçmenlere yönelik „Kapımızdaki Yabancılar“ tartışmasına atıfla çocuk coğrafyalarının eleştirel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılacaktır. Tülin Kozikoğlu’nun kaleme aldığı Hüseyin Sönmezay’ın resimlediği eser bu çalışmanın analiz nesnesidir. Gündelik hayatın mekânsal pratiği yerinden edilmiş çocuklar üzerine düşünme imkânı vermektedir. Çalışmada çocuk coğrafyaları tartışmasından hareketle zorunlu göçün yola çıkış, yol ve varış noktası olan genellenebilir üç aşamasıyla paralel üç farklı mekânsal görüngüsü tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar ev, kentsel mekân, karşılaşma mekânlarıdır. Çalışmanın alana çocuk edebiyatı ve çocuk coğrafyaları ilişkisini kurması ve göç olgusuna çocuk deneyimi üzerinden yaklaşması sebebiyle katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.The Ferris Wheel is a picture book that deals with a migration journey through two different childhood experiences in different geographies. In this paper, The Ferris Wheel will be subjected to semiotic analyses and a critical approach of childrens’s geographies with reference to the debate "Strangers at Our Door". The book written by Tülin Kozikoğlu and illustrated by Hüseyin Sönmezay is the analytical subject of this study. The spatial practice of everyday life provides the opportunity to think about displaced children. Based on the children geographies approach, the study determined three different spatial phenomena in parallel with the three generalizable periods of the forced migration: departure, journey, and destination. These are home, urban space, and spaces of encounter. The study contributes to the field a perspective on the relationship between children's literature and children's geographies and approaches the experience of displaced children
The determinants of purchase intention for environmentally sustainable apparel: An extended theory of planned behavior
No full text[Özet yok
The role of augmented reality for supply chains
No full textThe wave of digitalization has revolutionized supply chains by integrating new digital technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), into logistics processes. Although AR has significant potential to optimize supply chain activities and reduce costs, its adoption and implementation in logistics operations is still in its early stages. This study examines the applications of AR in supply chains, focusing on the benefits and challenges of its implementation. Three main areas of AR application are identified: warehouse operations, consulting and training of logistics operators, and last mile delivery. AR devices can assist operators in tasks such as order picking, storage, and shipping, leading to improved efficiency and reduced errors. Additionally, AR technology offers benefits like hands-free access to information, increased safety, and reduced training costs. However, several barriers are preventing its widespread adoption, including limited battery life, display adjustments, processor overheating, lack of standard programming environments, privacy concerns, and requirements for operator skills. Understanding these challenges is crucial for logistics practitioners planning toinvest in AR technology. Future research should focus on validating theoretical findings through real-world industrial applications
