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Effect of equal-channel angular pressing on microstructure, aging kinetics and impact behavior in a 7075 aluminum alloy
No full textAmong the precipitation hardenable 7xxx series aluminum alloys, AA7075 alloys (one of the most important engineering alloys) due to their low density (lightweight), high toughness and strength, and enhanced fatigue behavior have been used over the years in aerospace, aircraft, automotive, construction and marine applications. In the present study, the influence of the artificial aging through conventional heat treatment (i.e., precipitation hardening) and the thermomechanical treatment (equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) + post-ECAP aging) on the quasi-static tensile, impact toughness and precipitation behavior as well as on the microstructure of an AA7075 alloy is investigated systematically. The results indicate that the ECAP process as well as post-ECAP aging result in considerably increased strength and hardness of the AA7075 alloys because of the superimposed effects of grain boundary strengthening (Hall-Petch relation), strain hardening (by means of the increased dislocation density) and precipitation hardening (due to the fine precipitates formed in Al matrix). Multi-pass ECAP processing has been found to result in a considerable decrease of the impact toughness (from 15.3 Jcm(-2) to 7.6 Jcm(-2)) associated with the failure mode (i.e., ductile-to-brittle transition) of the AA7075 alloys, whereas the artificial peak aging leads to a marked improvement (similar to 67 %) in the impact toughness in ECAPed conditions. Moreover, the ECAP process noticeably accelerates the precipitation kinetics of AA7075 alloys: The peak aging time in the ECAPed alloy is reduced significantly - from 30 h to 4 h. The results of the present study provide a deeper understanding of the combination of ECAP and heat treatment, and their effect on the fracture mode and toughness under impact loading, the aging kinetics and the microstructural evolution of an AA7075 alloy.Turkish Aerospace; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)This work was supported by the Turkish Aerospace; and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)
ANALYSIS OF CITY DIPLOMACY IN DE-DEMOCRATIZING STATES: The Case of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality1
No full textThis chapter analyzes the city diplomacy of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality under the mayor Ekrem Imamoglu as a case study of the external relations of municipalities in de-democratizing states. It asks: What are the main characteristics of this diplomacy under Imamoglu? What does this case tell us about the main dynamics of city diplomacy in de-democratizing states? Further, it argues that the city’s diplomacy consists of several pillars: reconstructing the city’s external relations on the basis of peaceful relations; focusing on universal norms and values; finding funds from international organizations; creating initiatives with cities in Turkey’s neighborhood; and achieving global visibility. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Gülçin Balamir Coskun, Tuba Inal-Çekiç, and Ertug Tombus
Arbitrability in industrial property disputes
No full textIt is possible to benefit from the arbitration dispute resolution for the resolution of industrial property disputes. Interest in the dispute resolution of arbitration increases in the world with the accelerated globalization. There is no established headquarters or regulations that applies for all the industrial property disputes in the world and in Türkiye. Also, arbitration rules of the countries that implies in the process of resolution of industrial property disputes shows differences. However, on some of these rules, that are considered compulsory on dispute resolution, have a consensus. The most well -known of these rules is the arbitrability. Our study will evaluate the arbitrability of industrial property disputes. In the first chapter of our thesis, terms that are related to industrial property law and arbitration dispute resolution method will be explained. In this chapter, firstly, general information will be given on the historical process of industrial property law in purpose of explaining the development of industrial property law. Then, the varieties of industrial rights and the financial - moral rights arising from intellectual rights will be discussed. The terms that are related to arbitration will be included in the continuation of this chapter. First, general information will be given on the historical process of arbitration and then the types of arbitration will be defined. In this chapter of our thesis, a comparison of arbitration with other alternative dispute resolution methods will be made in the aim of explaining the arbitration dispute resolution method. For this purpose, the common features and differences of arbitration with other alternative dispute resolution methods will be examined. Finally in this chapter, general information will be given on the positive and negative features that stand out in the resolution of industrial property disputes through arbitration. The main subject of our study, arbitrability in industrial property disputes will be explained in the second chapter of our thesis. First of all, In this context, the legal characteristic of industrial property rights will be evaluated. Then, general information will be given on the issues related to the concept of arbitrability. This general information will also be detailed with the subheadings of subjective arbitrability and objective arbitrability. Then, the arbitrability of industrial property disputes will be evaluated separately according to the national arbitration and international arbitration order. In the continuation of this chapter, general information will be given on the issues related to the concept of public order in arbitrability, which has an important place in terms of the concept of arbitrability and our study as well. Finally, a general evaluation will be made on the issue of arbitrability in terms of industrial property disputes. In the third part of the thesis, the role of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in the resolution of industrial property disputes through arbitration will be explained.Küreselleşmenin hız kazandığı dünyada tahkim uyuşmazlık çözüm yoluna olan ilgi artış göstermektedir. Sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının çözümünde de tahkimden faydalanılması mümkündür. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının çözümünde başvurulabilecek tek bir merkez ve yeknesak bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Aynı zamanda sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının tahkim yoluyla çözülmesi sürecinde ülkelerin hukuk düzenlemelerinde farklılıklar vardır. Ancak tahkim uyuşmazlık çözüm yolunda gözetilmesi gereken hususların bir kısmında fikir birliği olduğu görülür. Bunların başında ise tahkime elverişlilik unsuru bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının tahkime elverişliliği değerlendirecektir. Bu amaçla tezin birinci bölümünde sınai mülkiyet hukuku ve tahkim uyuşmazlık çözüm yoluna ilişkin kavramlar açıklanacaktır. Bu bölümde ilk olarak sınai mülkiyet hukukunun gelişimini anlamak amacıyla sınai mülkiyet hukukunun tarihsel sürecine ilişkin hususlarda genel bilgi verilecektir. Sonrasında sınai hakların çeşitleri ve fikri haklardan doğan mali – manevi haklar ele alınacaktır. Bu bölümün devamında ise tahkime ilişkin hususlara yer verilecektir. İlk olarak tahkimin tarihsel sürecine ilişkin hususlarda genel bilgi verilecek sonrasında tahkimin çeşitleri tanımlanacaktır. Tahkim uyuşmazlık çözüm yolunu daha iyi anlayabilmek amacıyla tezimizin bu bölümünde tahkimin diğer alternatif çözüm yolları ile kıyaslaması yapılacaktır. Bu çerçevede tahkimin diğer alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları ile ortak özellikleri ve farklılıkları incelenecektir. Birinci bölümde son olarak, sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının tahkim yolu ile çözümlenmesinde öne çıkan olumlu ve olumsuz özellikler ele alınacaktır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde ise çalışmamızın esas konusunu oluşturan sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarında tahkime elverişlilik hususu açıklanacaktır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle sınai mülkiyet haklarının hukuku niteliği değerlendirilecektir. Sonrasında tahkime elverişlilik kavramına genel bir bakış sunulacaktır. Bu genel bilgiler aynı zamanda sübjektif anlamda tahkime elverişlilik ve objektif anlamda tahkime elverişlilik alt başlıkları ile detaylandırılacaktır. Sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının tahkime elverişliliği milli tahkim ve milletlerarası tahkim düzenine göre ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmeye alınacaktır. İkinci bölümün devamında tahkime elverişlilik kavramı açısından ve çalışmamız açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan tahkime elverişlilikte kamu düzeni kavramına ilişkin hususlarda bilgi verilecektir. Ve son olarak sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarında tahkime elverişlilik hususuna yer verilecektir. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde ise sınai mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarının tahkim ile çözümünde Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Örgütünün (WIPO) rolü açıklanacaktır
Avrupa insan hakları mahkemesi yargılamasında dostane çözüm ve tek taraflı deklarasyon usulü: Adalet verimlilik çatışması
No full textThe European Court of Human Rights strives to address human rights issues raised by applicants within a reasonable time, despite its limited human resources. To alleviate the workload, procedures such as the friendly settlement procedure and unilateral declarations are introduced. These methods aim to resolve disputes especially in repetitive cases through agreements supervised by the Court. However, starting from 2019, the offering of friendly settlements has become a general rule for all applications. It is posited that this measure will expedite the trial proceedings and bolster the efficacy of the Court. Nevertheless, the application of this procedure to all cases may engender rights infringements for applicants. Moreover, in cases involving grave human rights violations, this procedural approach could potentially undermine both the mandate and standing of the Court alongside the rights of the victim. This article examines the friendly settlement and unilateral declaration mechanisms within the framework of judicial system reforms. By analyzing the the merits and drawbacks of each remedy, it addresses the potential risks of establishing a uniform application that functions almost as an expedited procedure for all applications before the Court. It is emphasized that in human rights adjudications, the legitimacy of reconciliation must be carefully assessed, and supervisory authority should be vested in the Committee of Ministers. A judicious equilibrium between augmenting the Court’s efficiency and upholding justice must be meticulously deliberated upon.Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, başvuru sahipleri tarafından gündeme getirilen insan hakları sorunlarını sınırlı insan kaynağı ile makul sürede çözmeye çalışmaktadır. İş yükünü azaltmak amacıyla dostane çözüm ve tek taraflı deklarasyon gibi usuller yargılamanın parçası haline getirilmiştir. Böylece özellikle yerleşik içtihadın bulunduğu mükerrer davalarda tarafların Mahkeme gözetiminde anlaşması ile uyuşmazlıkların çözüme kavuşturulması amaçlanmaktadır. Öte yandan Mahkeme 2019 yılından itibaren bütün başvurular bakımından dostane çözüm teklifinde bulunmayı ana kural haline getirmiştir. Bu uygulamanın yargılama sürecinin hızlanmasına ve Mahkemenin etkinliğinin arttırılmasına katkıda bulunacağı ifade edilmektedir. Ancak usulün otomatik olarak tüm davalar bakımından uygulanması başvurucular bakımından hak kaybına yol açabilecek ve madde 2 ve 3 gibi ciddi insan hakları ihlalleri bakımından bu usul, mağdur yanında Mahkeme’nin misyon ve itibarına da zarar verebilecektir. Bu makalede, AİHM’in iş yüküne çare olarak geliştirilen dostane çözüm ve tek taraflı deklarasyon usulleri, yargılama sistemi reformları ışığında ele alınmaktadır. Her bir çözüm yolunun olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri incelenerek, mahkeme önündeki bütün başvurular bakımından adeta hızlandırılmış usul şeklinde yeknesak bir uygulama oluşturulmasının AİHM yargılama sistemi bakımından sakıncalarına değinilmektedir. İnsan hakları yargılamasında uzlaşmanın hangi hallerde meşru sayılabileceği değerlendirilerek özellikle tek taraflı deklarasyon usulünde mağdurların rızası hilafına başvurunun sonlandırılması karşısında bu usulün madde 2 ve 3 ihlali gibi ciddi nitelikteki insan hakları ihlalleri bakımından daha titizlikle uygulanması ve Bakanlar Kurulu’na da denetim yetkisi tanınması gerektiği ifade edilmektedir. Başvuruların hızlıca çözüme kavuşturularak Mahkemenin verimliliğinin arttırılması ile insan hakları ihlallerinin tespiti ve mağdurun tatmini suretiyle adaletin sağlanması arasındaki denge doğru belirlenmelidir
INTEGRATING SOLAR TOWER TECHNOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT
No full text9th International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer, CHT 2024 -- 26 May 2024 through 30 May 2024 -- Istanbul -- 317889Global energy production heavily relies on fossil fuel technologies, contributing to increased greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A critical shift to renewable energy technologies, including solar tower technology, is required to address these issues. This study focuses on the integration of solar tower technology into industrial process heat, in particular on the design, modeling, analysis, and evaluation of solar tower that uses molten salt. According to the study's data, Gaziantep, Turkey, is an ideal location for a solar tower facility due to its combination of high direct normal irradiance (DNI) values, reaching 5.39 kWh/m2/day, and flat terrain. The investigation involves developing a 50 MW solar tower at Gaziantep utilizing SolarPILOT and System Advisor Model (SAM), with a primary focus on processes requiring 200°C steam production with plate heat exchanger. Analytical and numerical models provide critical insights into the design and performance of the solar tower. The design of the heliostat field, receiver dimensions, and thermal storage are all configured for performance of solar tower. In order to achieve an appropriate solar tower, the study highlights the importance of the solar multiple, direct normal irradiation value, and thermal storage duration. The results of the study, the Gaziantep solar tower generates 526.38 GWhth of heat energy in the first year, with a capacity factor of 26.3%. The calculated levelized cost of heat (LCOH) 4.98 ¢USD/kWhth demonstrates the Gaziantep solar tower's cost analysis when all construction, maintenance, and operating costs are taken into account. Furthermore, as compared to natural gas consumption, the technology contributes to environmental sustainability by preventing the release of 116,462 tons of CO2 emissions annually. In conclusion, the present study provides for the implementation of solar tower in medium-temperature (200-400°C) industrial processes, as well as global objectives to reduce emissions and transition towards renewable energy. © 2024, Begell House Inc. All rights reserved
Structures prediction and replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of ?-synuclein: A case study for intrinsically disordered proteins
No full textIn recent years, a variety of three-dimensional structure prediction tools, including AlphaFold2, AlphaFold3, ITASSER, C-I-TASSER, Phyre2, ESMFold, and RoseTTAFold, have been employed in the investigation of intrinsically disordered proteins. However, a comprehensive validation of these tools specifically for intrinsically disordered proteins has yet to be conducted. In this study, we utilize AlphaFold2, AlphaFold3, I-TASSER, C-ITASSER, Phyre2, ESMFold, and RoseTTAFold to predict the structure of a model intrinsically disordered ?-synuclein protein. Additionally, extensive replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of the intrinsically disordered protein are conducted. The resulting structures from both structure prediction tools and replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations are analyzed for radius of gyration, secondary and tertiary structure properties, as well as C? and H? chemical shift values. A comparison of the obtained results with experimental data reveals that replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations provide results in excellent agreement with experimental observations. However, none of the structure prediction tools utilized in this study can fully capture the structural characteristics of the model intrinsically disordered protein. This study shows that a cluster of ensembles are required for intrinsically disordered proteins. Artificial-intelligence based structure prediction tools such as AlphaFold3 and C-I-TASSER could benefit from stochastic sampling or Monte Carlo simulations for generating an ensemble of structures for intrinsically disordered proteins
The confusion over the terminology of sustainable, ESG, socially responsible and impact investing
No full textAlthough they have different meanings, the terms "sustainable investing", "socially responsible investing", "environmental, social and governance investing" and "impact investing" are often used interchangeably in the literature. This study aims to expand knowledge about these concepts by reviewing previous literature. It defines the differences and areas of convergence between these different investment approaches while drawing clearer boundaries between them. One could say that sustainable investing is an umbrella term that covers all these forms of investment. Environmental, social and governance investing (ESG) refers to the process of measuring a company's environmental, social and governance activities in the context of traditional financial indicators. Financial returns are the main objective of ESG investing. On the other hand, socially responsible investing (SRI) involves the selection or exclusion of investments based on certain moral standards. Impact investing is about giving investors the opportunity to invest in a company or organization that adds social value and thus creates an impact. © 2023 Peter Lang Group AG, Lausanne. All rights reserved
A Strep-Tag Imprinted Polymer Platform for Heterogenous Bio(electro)catalysis
No full textMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial receptors equipped with selective recognition sites for target molecules. One of the most promising strategies for protein MIPs relies on the exploitation of short surface-exposed protein fragments, termed epitopes, as templates to imprint binding sites in a polymer scaffold for a desired protein. However, the lack of highresolution structural data of flexible surface-exposed regions challenges the selection of suitable epitopes. Here, we addressed this drawback by developing a polyscopoletin-based MIP that recognizes recombinant proteins via imprinting of the widely used Strep-tag II affinity peptide (Strep-MIP). Electrochemistry, surfacesensitive IR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to ensure an utmost control of the Strep-MIP electrosynthesis. The functionality of this novel platform was verified with two Strep-tagged enzymes: an O2-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenase, and an alkaline phosphatase. The enzymes preserved their biocatalytic activities after multiple utilization confirming the efficiency of Strep-MIP as a general biocompatible platform to confine recombinant proteins for exploitation in biotechnology
Hybrid Tokenization Strategy for Turkish Abstractive Text Summarization
No full textText summarization is a significant topic in natural language processing. Tokenization approaches are important in this regard as they underpin text recognition and processing. The aim of this paper is to research the efficiency of different tokenization approaches when summarizing Turkish texts and their combinations impact on summarization performance. Whitespace, ULM, BPE and WordPiece tokenization methods are mixed in different ways with pre-trained BERTurk, mT5 and mBART models on MLSUM dataset. We evaluate every tokenization method’s performance as well as all possible combinations based on generated summaries and ROUGE scores. Our results show that if we combine some strategies of tokenization together and use it as a hybrid method, the accuracy and consistency of the summaries will be significantly enhanced. This study gives useful hints about how to optimize models for Turkish in terms of text summarization and emphasizes on selecting suitable tokenization strategies
Effects of Different Types of Surfactant Treatments on the Electromechanical Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated Electrospun Nanofibers
No full text121M137Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a strong tendency to form agglomeration due to van der Waals interactions, which hinders their practical utilization. Therefore, an effective and stable dispersion of CNTs in a surfactant based solvent is very important for the realization of CNTs based nanocomposites in various applications. In this paper, influence of different types of surfactant on the electromechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decprated electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers were investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy, zeta potential, FT-IR analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and uniaxial tensile strain sensing. Obtained results suggest that type of surfactant has not only effecting the dispersion level of CNTs but also has a significant influence on the electromechanical properties of CNTs decorated elecrospun CNTs/TPU nanofibers. The results of the present study provide new insights into the design and tailoring the electromechanical properties of CNTs decorated electrospun nanofibers.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu- TÜBİTAK