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The shipmaster and seafarers in autonomous ships
No full textGünümüzde insansız araç teknolojileri hızla gelişmektedir. Bu gelişmeler doğrultusunda hem devlet hem özel sektör teşebbüsleriyle otonom gemi inşa projeleri gündeme gelmekte, sefere çıkan insansız gemi haberleri medyada yer almaya başlamaktadır. Otonom gemiler, sektörün birçok ihtiyacını tatmin etmesiyle birlikte bu gemilere dair hukuk düzenlerinde yer alan spesifik bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Bu da otonom gemilerin halihazırda mevcut hukuk kurallarıyla değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bunun neticesinde ise birçok hukuki sorunla yüz yüze gelinmektedir. Deniz seferinin ana aktörleri kaptan ve gemi adamlarıdır. Hukuk sistemlerinde, bahsedilen kişilerin hukuki vasfı ve fiillerinden kaynaklanan sorumluluk detaylı bir şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Fakat tam otonom gemilerde yapay zekâ, bazı otonom gemilerde ise kıyı kontrol merkezi gemi mürettebatının yerini almaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yapay zekâ ve kıyı kontrol merkezinin hukuki statüsü, uygulanacak hükümler ve bunların fiillerinden kaynaklanan sorumluluğun tespiti ve benzeri birçok sorun gündeme gelmektedir. Biz bu çalışmamızda ilk bölümde otonom gemileri teknik verilerle birlikte açıkladık ve bazı otonom gemi projelerine yer verdik. Otonom gemilerin avantajları ve dezavantajlarına değinerek tercih edilebilirliğini tartıştık. İkinci bölümde ise hem ulusal hem de uluslararası mevzuat kapsamında yer alan gemi tanımlarının otonom gemileri de kapsayacak nitelikte olup olmadığını tespit ettik. Üçüncü bölümde ise gemi adamlarının ve kaptanın yerini alması beklenen yapay zekâ ve kıyı kontrol merkezi personel ve operatörünün hukuki statüsünü yürürlükte olan ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler kapsamında belirlemeye çalıştık. Ardından yürürlükteki mevzuatta kaptana ve gemi adamlarına ilişkin yer alan hükümlerin operatöre tatbiki halinde ortaya çıkacak neticeleri tartıştık ve sonuç bölümünde tespit edilen sorunlara dair yapılması gerekenleri belirttik.Recently technology of autonomous vehicles is developed by leaps. In the direction of these developments, projects of autonomous ship buildings as enterprises of both governments and private sector are located at the top of the agenda, news of the cruising unmanned ships have widespread media coverage. Although autonomous ships fulfill several needs of the maritime sector, There aren’t specific regulations related to these ships in legal regimes. Therefore autonomous ships have to be evaluated in scope of current provisions of law. Thus, numerous legal issues emerge. Main actors of navigation are master and seafearers. In juridicial regimes, legal statuses of mentioned individuals are regulated elaborately. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence in fully autonomous ships, shore control center for semi-autonomous ships(remotely operated ships) subrogates the position of seafeares. In conclusion, various challanges related to the legal status of artificial inteligence and shore control center and determination of the liability arising from actions of these figures and similar cases ensues. In this study, in the first part, autonomous ships are introduced with technical data and some of the autonomous ship projects are mentioned. Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous ships are explained and preferability of it is discussed. In the second part, in scop of national and international legislation, definitions of ships detected and stated that if these definitions include autonomous ships as well. In the third part, legal status of artifical intelligence and personnel and operator of shore control centre who estimated to replace seafarers and master are indicated according to national and international law in force. Furthermore, results when current provisions related to seafarers and master applied to operator are discussed and in the conclusion, required actions for stated challanges are specified
The harmonic oscillator potential perturbed by a combination of linear and non-linear Dirac delta interactions with application to Bose-Einstein condensation
No full textIn this paper, we study the bound state analysis of a one dimensional nonlinear version of the Schrodinger equation for the harmonic oscillator potential perturbed by a delta potential, where the nonlinear term is taken to be proportional to delta(x)vertical bar psi(x)vertical bar(2) psi(x). The bound state wave functions are explicitly found and the bound state energy of the system is algebraically determined by the solution of an implicit equation. Then, we apply this model to the Bose-Einstein condensation of a Bose gas in a harmonic trap with a dimple potential. We propose that the many-body interactions of the Bose gas can be effectively described by the nonlinear term in the Schrodinger equation. Then, we investigate the critical temperature, the condensate fraction, and the density profile of this system numerically
Improving Heart Disease Diagnosis: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach
No full textInternational Conference on Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems (INFUS) -- JUL 16-18, 2024 -- Istanbul Tech Univ, Canakkale, TURKEYImproving the performance of machine learning approaches in the field of health is of the utmost importance because early and correct diagnosis and treatment of diseases are essential for human life. From this point of view, an ensemble machine learning approach has been proposed for the diagnosis of heart disease within the scope of this study. In the first step of the proposed approach, feature extraction is performed using the Convolutional Neural Network on the dataset. In the next step, prediction results are obtained using individual classification methods such as Multi-layer Perceptron, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. Finally, the obtained prediction results are combined using the majority voting method. The results which are compared according to the critical classification performance criteria show that the proposed ensemble method gives better results than the individual methods. Heart disease can be predicted with an accuracy of 86.4% with the proposed ensemble approach.Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Uni
Enrichment, characterization, and sand consolidation application of urease active calcite-producing bacteria
No full textMinerals such as calcium carbonate, which is prevalent in marble and limestone, are present naturally in rocks. Both physicochemical processes and microbial processes can result in the creation of calcium carbonate in nature, as is well documented. In this study, microbiologically induced calcite precipitation potential of three different Travertine-type water sources (Pamukkale Travertine Spring (PTS), Pamukkale Travertine Terraces (PTT), and Red Travertine of Karahayit (RTK)) using three different incubation media (NB, NB3, and ATCC1832) were investigated. After enrichment with ATCC1832 media, urease assays were positive for all of the microbial sources. The PTS and PTT were cultured with ATCC1832 medium for 48 h, which showed the best results for urease activity and microbial growth among other samples. Metagenome analyses indicated that PTT enriched with ATCC1832 media contains > 99% Firmicutes, while PTS enriched with ATCC1832 contains > 99% Proteobacteria at the Phylum level. Results from SEM-EDX and XRD analysis revealed that calcite and/or vaterite were the minerals that emerged from the mineralization of the PTS and PTT during incubation. The type of calcium carbonate crystals tended to change from one form to another when the incubation period extends from 72 to 120 h. Both the PTS and the PTT were able to precipitate calcite within the sand column. However, the bacteria from the PTT (26% CaCO3) outperformed those from the PTS (18% CaCO3) in terms of calcium carbonate deposition on the 21st day of incubation.Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [YTU BAP FBA-2021-4517]This work has been supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number YTU BAP FBA-2021-4517
Determination of characteristic properties of Co3O4 loaded LaFexAl12-xO19 hexaaluminates
No full textHexaaluminates are drawing attention due to their exceptional mechanical and thermal stability. They can be proposed for applications as catalysts or catalyst support materials in high-temperature reactions. In this study, various LaFexAl12-xO19 samples (x = 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2) have been synthesized using the sol-gel method. Subsequently, these hexaaluminate samples were impregnated with cobalt oxide to form more active centers on the hexaaluminate support. The influence of the iron (Fe) content on the crystal structure, redox properties, and oxygen immobility has been investigated through X-ray diffraction, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, and oxygen temperature-programmed desorption techniques. Among the Co3O4@LaFexAl12-xO19 samples, those with x >= 1 exhibited a hexaaluminate crystalline structure, demonstrating a higher lattice oxygen mobility.Turkish-German University Scientific Research Projects Commission under the grant no: 2021BF05No Statement Availabl
Sodium-Selenium Batteries with Outstanding Rate Capability by Introducing Cubic Mn2O3 Electrocatalyst
No full textWith their high volumetric capacity and electronic conductivity, sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries have attracted attention for advanced battery systems. However, the irreversible deposition of sodium selenide (Na2Se) results in rapid capacity degradation and poor Coulombic efficiency. To address these issues, cubic alpha-Mn2O3 is introduced herein as an electrocatalyst to effectively catalyze Na2Se conversion and improve the utilization of active materials. The results show that the addition of 10 wt% Mn2O3 in the selenium/Ketjen black (Se/KB) composite enhances the conversion from Na2Se to Se by lowering activation energy barrier and leads to fast sodium-ion kinetics and low internal resistance. Consequently, the Mn2O3-based composite delivers a high specific capacity of 635 mAh & sdot; g(-1) at 675 mA & sdot; g(-1) after 250 cycles as well as excellent cycling stability for 800 cycles with a high specific capacity of 317 mAh & sdot; g(-1) even at the high current density of 3375 mA & sdot; g(-1). Due to the cubic Mn2O3 electrocatalyst, the performance of the composites is superior to existing state-of-the-art Na-Se batteries reported in the literature
Estimation of Blood Calcium and Potassium Values from ECG Records
No full textThe identification of diseases caused by changes in ion concentration is quite difficult and yet plays a decisive role in the success of clinical care, diagnosis and treatment. The clinically proven approach to diagnosing electrolyte concentration imbalance is blood tests. There is a need to provide a non-invasive diagnostic method that is not of a temporary nature. Bio-signals such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used to meet this demand and become diagnostic tools that facilitate home monitoring of electrolyte concentration on a permanent basis. This study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of methods based on machine learning (ML) and ECG recordings in monitoring critical levels of existing potassium and calcium concentration. Morphological, frequency and frequency-time domain features were extracted to automatically estimate calcium and potassium levels. Furthermore, the potential of estimates based on modeling approaches will be demonstrated to gain insights into relevant clinical findings and improve the performance of monitoring approaches. Using the hold-out validation method, the best results in terms of mean square error (MSE) and R for estimating the calcium value are 0.7157 and 0.57347, using fuzzy inference systems (FIS). Here, R represents the proportion of the variance in the calcium value that is explained by the model
Does pay disclosure in job offers remove gender differences in pay estimations? Evidence from an experiment with students and job seekers in the context of Austria
No full textPay disclosure aims at closing the gender pay gap by providing employees especially women with better salary knowledge, yet the effectiveness of employers' practices is little understood. We use a lab-in-the-field experiment where participants estimate the salaries for several common pay statements for job offers which employers use in the context of the legislation in Austria. Our study with management students (n = 385) shows that employer practices offer no solution to the problem of gender differences, except for the practice of salary range. The replication of the experiment with the real job seekers (n = 242) demonstrates that gender differences disappear also for some practices, but not for the practice of mentioning excess payment (or overpay) options, which is common in Austria. This means that legislation addresses the gender gap most effectively when it encourages employers to display the salary range.Vienna Chamber of LaborThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors thank for generous financial support from the Vienna Chamber of Labor
WinPclclas, A WINDOWS PROGRAM FOR PYROCHLORE SUPERGROUP MINERALS
No full textA Microsoft (R) Visual Basic program, WinPclclas, has been developed to calculate the chemical formulae of pyrochlore supergroup minerals (PSM) based on data obtained from wet -chemical and electron -microprobe analyses. These are also classi fi ed following the nomenclature scheme adopted by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classi fi cation (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association for PSM (IMA-10) and including both subsequent group and species updates. The program considers classi fi cation among the 33 IMA-approved PSM, as well as ten species that have not been approved, adhering to the general formula A 2 B 2 X 6 Y and considering the dominant ions at the A , B , and Y sites. It considers PSM represented by the pyrochlore, microlite, rom & eacute;ite, elsmoreite, and beta fi te groups, along with unassigned members of the ralstonite and coulsellite groups. Mineral formulae of the PSM are calculated based on the ideal number of B cations being two apfu , owing to the potential for vacancies at the A , X , and Y sites. WinPclclas operates in four stages: (1) it estimates cation and anion contents provided by input chemical data; (2) it determines the dominant cation and anion at the A , B , and Y sites; (3) it assigns the PSM to one of the seven groups, based on the dominant cation at the B site ( i.e ., W 6+ , Nb 5+ , Ta 5+ , Sb 5+ , Ti 4+ , Al 3+ , and Mg 2+ ); and (4) it classi fi es the pyrochlore species into an appropriate group, based on the dominant cation at the A site and the dominant anion at the Y site. The H 2 O (wt. % ) content for the PSM is estimated by stoichiometric constraints. WinPclclas allows users to: (1) enter up to 51 input variables for mineral -chemical analyses; (2) type and load multiple PSM compositions in the data entry section; (3) edit and load the Microsoft (R) Excel fi les used in calculating, classifying, and naming the PSM, together with the total monovalent to hexavalent cation, and (4) store all the calculated parameters in the output of a Microsoft (R) Excel fi le for further data evaluations. The program is distributed as a self -extracting setup fi le, including the necessary support fi les used by the program, a help fi le, and representative sample data fi les
Das Executive Summary in Rechtsgutachten
No full textŞirketler ve kamu otoritelerindeki karar vericilere yönelik hazırlanan hukuki bir görüşün başında genellikle bir yönetici özeti yer alır. Peki, yönetici özeti nedir ve nasıl yazılır? Aşağıdaki açıklamalar bu sorulara bilimsel bir bakış açısından yaklaşmaktan ziyade deneyim ve uygulamadaki en iyi örneklere dayanmaktadır.A legal opinion addressed to decision-makers in companies and public authorities is typically preceded by an executive summary. But what exactly is an executive summary, and how do you write one? The following remarks do not approach these questions from a scientific perspective but are instead based on experience and best practices.Von Rechtsanwält*innen, Professor*innen oder Instituten verfasste Rechtsgutachten können ganz unterschiedlichen Zwecken dienen: Sie können beispielsweise zu Gesetzesvorhaben Stellung beziehen, als wissenschaftliche Ausarbeitung einer rechtlichen Fragestellung nachgehen, während oder im Vorfeld der Prozessführung, insbesondere zur Einschätzung der Erfolgsaussichten eingeholt werden oder als juristische Expertise zur Beantwortung spezieller Fragestellungen dienen. Eine besondere Variante stellen Rechtsgutachten dar, die von Entscheidungsträgern in Unternehmen oder Behörden in Auftrag gegeben werden, um eine anschließende (Management-)Entscheidung vorzubereiten..