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İkinci yabancı dil olarak Almanca ders kitaplarındaki yazma becerileri alıştırmalarının analizi
No full textYabancı dil öğretiminde modern teknik ve yöntemler kullanılarak önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ders kitabı eğitim sürecindeki en önemli materyal olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) tarafından belirlenen ikinci yabancı dil olarak Almanca öğretiminde kullanılan "Deutsch Macht Spaß A1.2" ders kitabının yazma becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik alıştırmaları ne ölçüde içerdiğini ve genel yazılı etkileşim açısından Avrupa Ortak Dil Çerçevesi (AODÇ) A1.2 düzeyi ölçütlerini karşılayıp karşılamadığını analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla araştırma soruları hazırlanmış ve ders kitabındaki yazma alıştırmaları bu sorular çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama tekniklerinden biri olarak doküman analizi kullanılmış ve veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, analiz edilen ders kitabında yazma becerilerini geliştirmeye yönelik farklı türde yazma alıştırmaları bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bunlardan bazıları yazma becerilerinin gelişimini hedeflerken, çoğu yazmayı diğer becerilerin gelişimini desteklemek için bir ara beceri olarak kullanmaktadır. Alıştırmaların çoğu kontrollü yazmayı gerektirirken, sadece birkaç üretken alıştırma bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, AODÇ yeterlilikleri incelendiğinde, ders kitabının yeterlilikleri aşağı yukarı modüler temelde içerdiği görülmüştür.Im Fremdsprachenunterricht werden mit modernen Techniken und Methoden erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt. Dennoch bleibt das Lehrbuch das wichtigste Material im Bildungsprozess. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die vom Ministerium für Nationale Bildung (MEB) festgelegtes Schülerbuch "Deutsch Macht Spaß A1.2", das für den Unterricht von Deutsch als zweiter Fremdsprache verwendet wird, zu analysieren, inwieweit es Übungen zur Entwicklung von Schreibkompetenzen enthält und ob es den Kriterien des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens (GER) Niveau A1.2 in Bezug auf allgemeine, schriftliche Interaktion entspricht. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Forschungsfragen vorbereitet und durch Analyse der Schreibübungen im Schülerbuch wurde versucht, diese Fragen zu beantworten. In der Studie wurde die Dokumentenanalyse als eine der Datenerfassungstechniken verwendet, die Daten wurden mit Hilfe einer Inhaltsanalyse analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in dem analysierten Schülerbuch verschiedene Arten von Schreibübungen zur Förderung von Schreibkompetenzen zu finden sind. Während einige von ihnen auf die Entwicklung von Schreibfähigkeiten abzielen, verwenden die meisten von ihnen das Schreiben als Mittlerfertigkeit, um die Entwicklung anderer Fähigkeiten zu unterstützen. Die Mehrzahl der Übungen besteht aus Aufgaben, die ein kontrolliertes Schreiben erfordert, und es gibt nur wenige produktive Übungen. Darüber hinaus wurde bei der Analyse der GERS-Kompetenzen festgestellt, dass das Lehrbuch die Kompetenzen mehr oder weniger auf Modulbasis enthält
Medenî Usûl Hukukunda Koruma Dilekçesi – Schutzschrift – Alman, İsviçre ve Türk Hukuku Perspektifinde
No full textBu çalışma Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 1001 Programı çerçevesinde "Adil Yargılanma Hakkının Güçlendirilmesi ve Mahkemelerin iş Yükünün Azaltılması için Korunma Dilekçesi Modelinin Oluşturulması" isimli ve 221K231 numaralı Proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki eserler, proje kapsamında 12.07.2023 tarihinde düzenlenen "Hukukî Dinlenilme Hakkı Bağlamında İhtiyatî Tedbirler ve Koruma Dilekçesi Sempozyumu"nda sunulan bildirilerin bir kısmının genişletilerek makaleye dönüştürülmesinden oluşmaktadır
Transnationale organisationen als brückenbauer
No full textBu yüksek lisans tezi, Almanya'nın en önde gelen aracı kuruluşu olan Goethe-Institut'un kültürel çalışmalarının yönelimini incelemektedir. Türkiye'deki enstitülerin karşılıklı kültürel alışverişi ne ölçüde kolaylaştırdığını ve böylece Almanya ile Türkiye arasında köprü kurucu olarak hareket ettiğini incelemektedir. Niteliksel doküman analizi, bir uzman görüşmesinin veri analizi ve sunulan programların niceliksel analizinin bir kombinasyonu yoluyla, Alman hükümetinin Türkiye'deki kültürel çalışmaları ne ölçüde etkilediği ve enstitü faaliyetlerinin kendini ifade etme ile karşılıklı değişim arasındaki bir sürekliliğe nasıl yerleştirilebileceği araştırılıyor. Çalışma, Goethe Enstitüsü'nün Alman hükümetinden yasal olarak bağımsız olmasına rağmen, genellikle hafife alınan önemli bir etkiye maruz kaldığını ortaya koyuyor. Bu etki, anlaşmalar, mali destek ve düzenli değerlendirmelerle tanımlanan bir dizi siyasi koşulda kendini göstermektedir. Bunlar, Alman hükümetinin tematik öncelikleri belirlemesine ve böylece kültürel çalışmaların yönünü kendi çıkarları lehine etkilemesine olanak tanır. Bu etkiye rağmen, Türkiye'deki enstitüler programlarını bağımsız olarak tasarlama konusunda operasyonel özgürlüğe sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkiye'deki Goethe Enstitüleri'nin kültürel çalışmalarının odağının, siyasi yönlendirmelere rağmen, karşılıklı kültürel alışveriş olduğunu ve salt kendini tanıtmaktan kaçındığını göstermektedir. Bu şekilde, Türkiye'deki enstitüler, bu uluslar arasındaki kültürel köprülerin derinleştirilmesine ve halklar arasındaki anlayışın sürdürülebilir bir şekilde teşvik edilmesine önemli bir katkıda bulunmaktadır.This master's thesis examines the orientation of the cultural work of the Goethe-Institut as the leading cultural institution of Germany. It examines the extent to which the institutes in Turkey facilitate mutual cultural exchange and thus act as bridge builders between Germany and Turkey. Through a combination of qualitative document analysis, data analysis of an expert interview and quantitative analysis of the programs offered, the extent to which the German government influences cultural work in Turkey and how the institute's activities can be classified on a continuum between self-representation and mutual exchange is explored. The study reveals that the Goethe-Institut, despite its legal independence from the German government, is subject to a considerable influence that is often underestimated. This influence manifests itself in a set of political conditions, defined by agreements, financial support and regular evaluations. These allow the German government to set thematic priorities and thus influence the direction of cultural work in favor of its own interests. Despite this influence, the institutes in Turkey retain the operational freedom to design their programs independently. The results of this study show that the focus of the cultural work of the Goethe-Institutes in Turkey, despite political guidelines, is on mutual cultural exchange and refrains from pure self-promotion. In this way, the institutes in Turkey make a significant contribution to deepening cultural bridges between those nations and sustainably promoting understanding between peoples.Diese Masterarbeit untersucht die Ausrichtung der Kulturarbeit des Goethe-Instituts als führende Mittlerorganisation Deutschlands. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern die Institute in der Türkei einen gegenseitigen Kulturaustausch ermöglichen und somit als Brückenbauer zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei agieren. Durch eine Kombination aus qualitativer Dokumentenanalyse, Datenanalyse eines Experteninterviews und quantitativer Analyse des Programmangebots, wird erforscht, inwiefern die deutsche Regierung die Kulturarbeit in der Türkei beeinflusst und wie sich die Aktivitäten des Instituts auf einem Kontinuum zwischen kultureller Selbstdarstellung und gegenseitigem Austausch einordnen lassen. Die Studie offenbart, dass das Goethe-Institut, trotz seiner juristischen Unabhängigkeit von der deutschen Regierung einem erheblichen Einfluss unterliegt, der oft unterschätzt wird. Dieser Einfluss manifestiert sich in einem Set politischer Rahmenbedingungen, festgelegt durch Rahmenverträge, finanzielle Unterstützung und regelmäßige Evaluationen. Diese erlauben es der deutschen Regierung thematische Schwerpunkte zu setzen und somit die Ausrichtung der Kulturarbeit zu Gunsten eigener Interessen zu beeinflussen. Trotz dieser Einflussnahme behalten die Institute in der Türkei die operative Freiheit ihre Programme eigenverantwortlich zu gestalten. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass der Fokus der Kulturarbeit der Goethe-Institute in der Türkei, trotz politischer Vorgaben, auf dem gegenseitigen kulturellen Austausch liegt und von einer reinen Selbstdarstellung abgesehen wird. Somit leisten die Institute in der Türkei einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Vertiefung kultureller Brücken zwischen den Nationen und fördern nachhaltig das Verständnis zwischen den Völkern
Fabrication of composite polymers with micron size copper and graphite additives in masked stereolithography
No full textMasked stereolithography makes the fabrication of complex parts more effortless and less expensive and enables high surface quality. We fabricated pure resin, flexible resin, resin-6.1-wt% graphite, and resin with Cu concentrations spanning from 5.5 to 15.5 wt% at different printing conditions. The structure was investigated with electron and light microscopes, and tensile testing of the printed sample was carried out. Resin temperature, post-curing temperature, and time are the dominating factors determining the strength of printed samples. Resin-Cu composite depicted a strengthening effect at 10 degrees C degrees resin and post-curing temperatures, but no strengthening effect was found for flexible resin-Cu composite at 20 degrees C degrees. Cu particles agglomerated, forming a density-graded composite; however, graphite particles distributed more homogenously in the parts. Increasing the graphite gradually reduces the composite strength. As a result, the mechanical properties of the composites are dominated by the interaction between the fillers and the matrix
Exploring the intersection of legal regulations and feminization of migration: A focus on migrant women working in domestic services in Türkiye
Get PDFOne of the trends that have come to the fore with globalization is the increased visibility of women in migration. As the rate of women’s participation in the labor force through paid work has increased, their mobility from rural to urban areas or from one part of the world to another has also increased. In this process, also known as the feminization of migration, women have become geographically more mobile than ever before in history. With this process, women started to migrate independently from their family members across national borders to work in a variety of jobs, particularly domestic work and sex work. The diversion of domestic work (caring for the sick, children and elderly, cleaning, etc.) to women in poorer countries through the global division of labor has played an important role in this change. This division of labor, which arises from the combination of the gendered character of domestic work and cheap female labor, has necessitated the geographical mobility of poorer women from all over the world. As a result, women have also begun to engage in geographical mobility on a global scale. In addition to these reasons that push women to migrate, developments in destination countries that create demand for migrant women’s labor are also important.Today, almost every part of the world has become a destination point for women migrating for domestic work. Especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Türkiye has also become one of these target countries. However, migrant women have faced various problems in Türkiye, both due to deficiencies in existing regulations and political attitudes towards migrants. These women, most of whom work as domestic workers, have been at the center of problems arising from both the migration system and the specific conditions of domestic work.In this study, the problems faced by female migrant domestic workers in Türkiye are discussed within the aforementioned framework. In particular, the main axis of the discussion is how domestic workers are affected by legal regulations in Türkiye. The study interrogates how women’s migration to Türkiye has developed within the xisting migration system and examines the migration experience of migrant women working as domestic workers in Türkiye
Active sites and their individual turnover frequencies for ethylene hydrogenation on reduced graphene aerogel
No full textGraphene aerogel (GA) was reduced at various temperatures to prepare a series of reduced graphene aerogels (rGAs) with different surface characteristics. Detailed characterization demonstrated that an increase in the thermal reduction temperature leads to an increase in surface area accompanied by an increase in surface density of defect sites formed by the removal of the oxygen-containing functional groups. rGA samples were then tested for ethylene hydrogenation under identical conditions. A comparison of catalytic performances of each catalyst demonstrated that the rGA sample prepared by reduction in Ar at 900 °C (rGA-900) provides the highest performance compared with others prepared at lower temperatures. Next, we analyzed the per-gram activity of each catalyst as a sum of individual contributions from different defect sites quantified by Raman spectroscopy and CHNS-O analysis to determine the individual turnover frequencies (TOFs) of each active site. This analysis identified polyene-like structures and interstitial defects associated with amorphous sp2 bonded carbon atoms as the dominant active sites responsible for hydrogenation. A comparison of their TOFs further indicated that the polyene-like structures provide approximately ten times higher TOF compared to those associated with the amorphous carbon defects. These results, identifying the dominant active centers and quantifying their corresponding TOFs, provide opportunities toward the rational design of GA-based carbocatalysts
Numerical fluid structure simulation analysis of temperature-dependent dynamic viscosity with a simplified deep drilling model
No full textThis paper simulates the temperature-dependent dynamic viscosity of the cutting fluid's flow, thus analysing the approximated real behaviour in a simplified model. In order to take the heat transfer between the workpiece and the cutting fluid into account, the Finite Element Method (FEM) was bidirectionally coupled. A mathematical formula for determining the dynamic viscosity of the cutting fluid as a function of temperature was used for the temperature evolution. Simulations were performed using the standard k-omega-SST, k-omega-SST-SAS, and k-omega-SST-DES turbulence models for comparison. The results show that the influence of dynamic viscosity and temperature plays an important role and should therefore not be neglected in process simulations. For example, increasing the temperature from T = 25 degrees C to T = 150 degrees C reduced viscosity by 95%. The modelling approach presented here is suitable for future analysis simulations and can be applied not only to different drill geometries but also to numerous machining processes where dynamic viscosity plays an important role.German Research Foundation (DFG) [BI 498/80-2]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Support Program for Scientific and Technological Research Projects-2232 [121C068]This work was supported by by the German Research Foundation (DFG) [grant number BI 498/80-2] and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and the Support Program for Scientific and Technological Research Projects-2232 [grant number 121C068]
Problems arising in the context of the regulation (Art. 86/2 of the Turkish Penal Code) regarding mild injuries to the extent that can be remedied by simple medical intervention
No full textThe offence of intentional injury, the basic form of which is regulated in Article 86/1 of the Turkish Penal Code, has a qualified form that requires a lesser penalty. According to this qualified form, the offender is sentenced to a lesser penalty than the basic form of the offence if the effect of the intentional injury on the person is mild to the extent that it can be eliminated by a simple medical intervention. This qualified form of this regulation, which was introduced by taking into account the result of the offence, brings along many problems. Most of these problems arise from the fact that the regulation was introduced as a qualified case, and some of them arise from the use of the concept of simple medical intervention in the regulation. Many problems arising in the context of the regulation arise in the context of its relationship with the aggravated circumstances. All problems have shown that the regulation in Article 86/2 of the TPC is problematic. In its current form, the regulation leads to impunity for injuries that do not require any medical intervention. In addition, it leads to wrong judgements in practice, especially in deaths resulting from minor injuries. For this reason, the regulation should be amended.TCK m. 86/1’de temel şekli düzenlenen kasten yaralama suçunun daha az cezayı gerektiren bir nitelikli hâli bulun- maktadır. Bu nitelikli hâle göre kasten yaralama fiilinin kişi üzerindeki etkisinin basit bir tıbbi müdahale ile giderile- bilecek ölçüde hafif olması hâlinde faile, suçun temel şekline göre daha az ceza verilmektedir. Suçun neticesi dikkate alınarak ihdas edilmiş olan bu nitelikli hâl düzenlemesi birçok sorunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sorunların büyük kısmı, düzenlemenin bir nitelikli hâl olarak ihdas edilmesinden kaynaklanmakta, bir kısmı ise düzenlemede basit tıbbi müdahale kavramının kullanılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Düzenleme bağlamında ortaya çıkan birçok problem ise düzenlemenin neticesi sebebiyle ağırlaşmış hâller ile olan ilişkisi bağlamında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Tüm bu sorunlar, TCK m. 86/2’de yer alan düzenlemenin sorunlu olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevcut hâliyle düzenleme, her- hangi bir tıbbi müdahale gerektirmeyen yaralamaların cezasız kalmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Ayrıca uygulamada özellikle hafif yaralamalar sonucu ölümlerde yanlış kararların verilmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu sebeple düzenlemenin değiştirilmesi gerekir
İşten ayrılma niyeti üzerine çok düzeyli bir analiz: Bireysel, örgütsel ve ekonomik etmenler
No full textÇalışanların işten ayrılma niyeti, geniş çapta araştırılmış ve farklı etmenler de nedenleri olarak belirlenmiş bir konudur. Ancak, Türkiye'de yaşanan hiperenflasyon şiddeti, bu etmenlerin etkisinin ne kadar olduğunu ve algılanan enflasyon ile finansal refah gibi ekonomik faktörlerin de çalışanların işten ayrılma kararlarında nasıl bir rol oynadığı sorusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, bu dinamikleri keşfetmeyi ve diğer örgütsel ve bireysel düzeydeki değişkenlerle birlikte hiperenflasyon ile finansal durumun işten ayrılma niyetleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.Turnover intention is a widely researched topic with many established predictors. However, the degree of hyperinflation experienced in Türkiye raises questions about the impact of these predictors and whether economic factors such as perceived inflation and financial well-being play a significant role in employees' decisions to leave their jobs. This study aims to explore these dynamics and provide insights into the influence of hyperinflation and financial status on turnover intentions along with the influence of other organizational and individual level variables