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Convergence analysis of positive solution for Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equation
No full textBy deriving the expression of Green function and some of its special properties and establishing appropriate substitution and appropriate cone, the existence of unique iterative positive, error estimation, and convergence rate of approximate solution are obtained for singular p-Laplacian Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equation with infinite-point boundary conditions. Nonlinearities involve derivative terms that make our analysis difficult in the course of this research, and we deal with the difficulty of derivative terms by making appropriate substitutions. An example is given to demonstrate the validity of our main results
Kodų kaitos funkcijos lietuviškuose vloguose
No full textThe aim of the present paper is to examine the phenomenon of codeswitching, namely the linguistic repertoire, the frequency, and the social functions of codeswitching appearing in the spoken language of Lithuanian vlogs – a genre that has not been researched in Lithuania at all. The analyzed vlogs cover a wide range of topics, including fashion and beauty, online entertainment, housekeeping, and agriculture. 253 instances of codeswitching were identified in the corpus of 23,562 words, suggesting a predominantly monolingual speech community in Lithuania. To determine the social motivations behind codeswitching, Appel & Muysken’s (2005) six codeswitching functions were followed. The results show that the referential function of codeswitching is used the most in the speech of Lithuanian vloggers, appearing mostly in contexts where direct equivalents of words in Lithuanian were missing. Codeswitching for expressive purposes was also frequent, appearing in contexts where speakers’ emotions and sentiments were emphasized through language use. Other functions, i.e. directive, phatic, and metalinguistic, were not numerous in use, with the poetic function of codeswitching entirely absent from the corpus.Kodų kaitos reiškinys kelia nemažai susidomėjimo kalbotyros, o ypač sociolingvistikos srityje jau nuo septintojo dešimtmečio. Tyrimai rodo, kad kodų kaita aptinkama kiek vienakalbių, tiek ir daugiakalbių diskursuose bei pabrėžia kodų kaitos daugiafunkciškumą – išskiriamos socialinės ir sintaksinės priežastys bei skirtingų kodų vartojimas kaip diskurso valdymo priemonė. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama kodų kaita lietuvių vlogerių šnekamojoje kalboje, o būtent kodų kaitos lingvistinis repertuaras, dažnis bei socialinės funkcijos, remiantis tyrėjų Appel ir Muysken (2005) išskirtomis šešiomis kodų kaitos funkcijomis: referentine, valdomąja, tapatybine (arba ekspresyvine), fatine (arba metaforine), metalingvistine ir poetine. Tyrimui surinkti 12 vlogų, kurie buvo paskelbti „YouTube“ platformoje 2023 metais: trys vlogai iš dviejų moterų ir trys iš dviejų vyrų gyvenančių Lietuvoje. Atrinktų vlogerių amžius svyruoja nuo 21 iki apytiksliai 35 metų, kas rodo vlogų kaip žanro patrauklumą jaunesniems žmonėms bei jų kultūrinių tendencijų supratimą ir sekimą. Vaizdo įrašuose kalbama įvairiomis temomis, įskaitant madą ir grožį, internetines pramogas (pavyzdžiui, gyvas transliacijas ir turinio kūrimą), namų tvarkymą bei žemės ūkį. Tiriamąją medžiagą sudarė 23,562 žodžių tekstynas ir nustatyti 253 kodų kaitos atvejai.Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad atrinktų lietuvių vlogerių kalboje referentinė kodų kaitos funkcija yra dažniausiai pasitaikanti, ypač kontekstuose, kuriuose trūksta tam tikrų žodžių atitikmenų lietuvių kalboje ir jų vietoje, norint neprarasti svetimo žodžio reikšmės, yra vartojami terminai anglų arba rusų kalba. Tapatybinė funkcija taip pat yra dažnai naudojama, kuomet norima pabrėžti emocijas ir jausmus naudojant kalbą, o būtent angliškų šauktukų arba rusiškų keiksmažodžių pagalba. Kitos nustatytos kodų kaitos funkcijos – valdomoji, fatinė ir metalingvistinė – nebuvo dažnai pasitaikančios, o poetinės funkcijos nebuvo aptikta apskritai.Nors šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti socialines kodų kaitos funkcijas lietuviškuose vloguose, kalbėtojų amžius ir lytis nebuvo įtraukti kaip pagrindiniai tyrimo aspektai, tačiau ateityje šie aspektai galėtų būti tiriami norint geriau suprasti kodų kaitą Lietuvos sociolingvistiniame kontekste
Raštingumo samprata paskutiniais sovietmečio dešimtmečiais išleistuose gimtosios lietuvių kalbos vadovėliuose 1–4 klasėms
No full text This article describes a study that aims to clarify the features of the concept of literacy that has been influenced by the ideology of a standard language, as presented in Lithuanian language textbooks for native speakers of forms 1 to 4 that were published in the last decades of the Soviet Era. The textbooks from the last decades of the Soviet era were chosen as the study material after noticing that during this period the pedagogies in other countries began to critically reflect on the role of the ideology of a standard language when teaching native languages, as well as to rather rely on the insights of modern linguistics and to foster linguistic awareness based on a scientific approach to language.The study found that textbooks for forms 1 to 4 published during the last decades of the Soviet era display a normative approach to language and literacy that stems from and supports the ideology of a standard language: pupils are encouraged to reproduce only the standard language forms and not deviate from the standard, while linguistic diversity is ignored, not scientifically interpreted, and treated as an error.
The ideology of a standard language has also influenced the concept of literacy presented in these textbooks, which is narrow and normative. Literacy was then understood as a mechanically acquired technical skill, developed through repeated practice of language forms, while being literate meant being able to write down standard language forms. The teaching of orthography, which was based on such assignments as addition of missing letters, rewriting and mechanical application of rules, was in line with the ideology of a standard language, whose aim was to unify and maintain a standardised language, in this case – written language. This aim also coincided with the Soviet regime’s goal of creating a controlled (linguistic) space and society.The narrow and normative notion of literacy has led to a reproductive type of language teaching and learning in forms 1 to 4, where the focus was rather on the form of written language rather than its content, relatively few assignments were devoted to the development of better skills of text production and editing, and there were no assignments that would encourage pupils to independently recognise, analyse, interpret and scientifically evaluate linguistic phenomena in real life. Thus, the textbooks analysed did not critically reflect on the role of the ideology of a standard language and did not develop children’s linguistic awareness based on a scientific approach to language.Straipsnyje aprašomo tyrimo išeities taškas – nuostata, kad sovietmečio vadovėliuose jauniausiųjų klasių moksleiviams bus regimos ryškios standartinės kalbos ideologijos idėjos. Tokia prielaida keliama pagrįstai – sovietmečiu lietuvių kalbos norminimo teorijos ir praktikos buvo aktyviai kuriamos, todėl tikėtina, kad jos veikė ir visus to meto gimtosios lietuvių kalbos vadovėlius, tarp jų – ir skirtus jauniausiųjų klasių moksleiviams. Pasitelkiant kritinę diskurso analizę, straipsnyje keliamas tikslas išsiaiškinti, kas būdinga standartinės kalbos ideologijos paveiktai raštingumo sampratai, pateikiamai paskutiniais sovietmečio dešimtmečiais leistuose gimtosios lietuvių kalbos vadovėliuose 1–4 klasėms. Kaip tyrimo medžiaga pasirinkti vadovėliai atskleidė, kad nors šiuo laikotarpiu kitų šalių pedagogikos srityje pradedamas kritiškai vertinti standartinės kalbos ideologijos vaidmuo, o mokant kalbos labiau remiamasi šiuolaikinio kalbotyros mokslo įžvalgomis, mūsų mokykloje vis dar diegta iš standartinės kalbos ideologijos kylanti ir ją palaikanti siaura ir normatyvi raštingumo samprata
Istorinės sociolingvistikos konferencijoje minėtas tinklo HiSoN dvidešimtmetis
No full textThis year’s conference, arranged by the Network of Historical Sociolinguists, HiSoN, took place at Bristol University (UK), the same institution where this network was established twenty years ago. Three days (May 21-23) were filled with presentations about ongoing research in language history, language ideology, and historical multilingualism. Advantages and challenges of working with special kinds of written heritage, such as sermons, periodicals, legal documents and letters, were discussed. Speakers shared their findings on the history and usage of English, Scots, Dutch, Icelandic, French, Spanish, Latin, Oscan, Basque, Greek, Nahuatl, and many other language varieties. The plenary speakers invited listeners to question the stereotypical language history views and summarised the network‘s achievements. Some questions, such as how to popularise the scientific view on the language history in society, how to match the knowledge about the newest scientific progress with the pragmatic side of the traditional language pedagogy, and how to ensure the accessibility of data for the researchers and ethical use of it after the research is published, were actively discussed but left open. The next HiSoN conference will be dedicated to research on spoken and written discourse in historical sources.Bristolio universitete (JK) prieš dvidešimtmetį suburtas tarptautinis Istorinės sociolingvistikos tinklas (HiSoN). Sukaktį pažyminčioje konferencijoje išklausyti pranešimai, skirti vykdomiems kalbos istorijos, kalbos ideologijos, istorinės daugiakalbystės tyrimams. Aptarti iššūkiai ir pasiekimai, su kuriais susidurta tiriant įvairias istorinės raštijos rūšis. Pranešėjai dalinosi savo patirtimis ir atradimais, kuriuos padarė gvildendami įvairių kalbų bei kalbų variantų vartoseną ir kalbų kontaktų istoriją. Plenariniai pranešėjai kvietė permąstyti kalbos istorijos suvokimą bei apžvelgė HiSoN tinklo pasiekimus. Diskutuota kaip populiarizuotina kalbos istorijos mokslinė samprata, kaip suderintinos mokslo aktualijos ir nusistovėjusi kalbos pedagogikos praktika, tyrėjų prieigos prie duomenų problemos, jautrių duomenų (ne)viešinimo etika; nemažai klausimų liko neatsakyti. Kitų metų HiSoN konferencija bus skirta sakytinio ir rašytinio diskursų istorinėje raštijoje tyrimams
Iš VU Matematikos ir informatikos fakulteto istorijos: studentų priėmimo į matematines specialybes raida (1945–1990 m.m.)
No full textBased on primary source data, the paper examines the development of admissions to mathematical studies at Vilnius University\u27s Faculty of Physics and Mathematics (1945–1965), Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics (1966–1977), and Faculty of Mathematics (1978–1990).Apžvelgiama, remiantis pirminių šaltinių duomenimis, priėmimo į matematines specialybes raida Vilniaus universiteto Fizikos ir matematikos (1945–1965), Matematikos ir mechanikos (1966–1977) bei Matematikos (1978–1990) fakultete
Becikliai sekvenciniai skaičiavimai unariniam laiko logikos fragmentui
No full textThis paper explores the construction of an efficient sequent calculus for a selected fragment of porpositional linear temporal logic (PLTL), extending the ideas of classical calculi discussed in [1], and builds upon previous investigations into the issue of loops in PLTL. Unary fragment of PLTL is identified in which formulas can contain at most one outermost ☐ (``always\u27\u27) operator. Fragments are typically analyzed with the aim of defining more efficient calculi for formulas belonging to the fragment, especially when such an approach is not feasible for the full logic (such a strategy is employed in [3,4]). New or-type rule (⊦ ☐L*) is introduced by the authors. Authors propose newly developed sequent calculus PLTL – F1 for this fragment, which eliminates the need for loop axioms while improving derivation efficiency. Furthermore, the authors also introduce a totally loop-check free sequent calculus PLTL – F3. Elimination of loops was achieved by proving restrictions on the applications of the (⊦ ☐) and (∘) rules.Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas efektyvaus sekvencinio skaičiavimo konstravimas pasirinktam tiesinės teiginių laiko logikos (PLTL) fragmentui, praplečiant klasikinio skaičiavimo idėjas, aptartas [1], ir remiantis ankstesniais tyrimais apie ciklus PLTL logikoje. Apibrėžtas unarinis tiesinės laiko logikos fragmentas, kuriame formulėse gali būti daugiausiai vienas išorinis ☐ (,,visada``) operatorius. Fragmentai paprastai analizuojami siekiant apibrėžti efektyvesnius skaičiavimus formulėms, priklausančioms fragmentui, ypač kai tai nėra įmanoma visai logikai (tokia strategija naudojama [3,4]). Pristatoma nauja or-tipo sukcedente taiyklė (⊦ ☐L*) Autoriai siūlo naują sekvencinį skaičiavimą PLTL – F1 fragmentui α, kuris pašalina ciklines aksiomas ir pagerina išvedimo efektyvumą. Be to, autoriai pristato ir pilnai beciklį skaičiavimą PLTL – F3. Ciklų pašalinimas buvo pasiektas įrodžius (⊦ ☐) ir (∘) taisyklių taikymo apribojimus
Aprepitant versus Olanzapine in Patients of Breast Cancer on Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide Regimen – Role in Effectiveness of Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting
No full textBackground: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a significant concern for patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). This study compares the efficacy of aprepitant and olanzapine in preventing CINV in breast cancer patients receiving Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide (AC).Methods: A prospective, comparative, observational study was conducted over one year at the State Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India. 103 chemotherapy-naïve breast cancer patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: aprepitant and olanzapine, both receiving standard therapy with ondansetron and dexamethasone. CINV outcomes were assessed using the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool over five days post-chemotherapy. Acute (0–24 hours) and delayed (24–120 hours) nausea and vomiting were evaluated. Side effects were documented and compared between groups.Results: Olanzapine demonstrated significantly better control of acute nausea compared to aprepitant (p < 0.05). It also showed a trend towards superior efficacy in delayed nausea, though statistical significance was not reached. There was no significant difference between aprepitant and olanzapine in preventing acute or delayed vomiting. The olanzapine group experienced more frequent side effects, but the difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Olanzapine exhibited greater efficacy in preventing nausea, particularly in the acute phase, compared to aprepitant. However, its higher side effect profile suggests that careful patient selection is necessary. Both agents remain effective options for CINV management, with olanzapine offering an advantage in nausea prevention
Bilateral Olecranon and Left Lesser Trochanter Avulsion Fractures in Renal Osteodystrophy: A Rare Case Report and Comprehensive Review
No full textChronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) disrupts phosphorus and calcium metabolism, leading to skeletal disorders such as demineralization, weakened bones, and an increased fracture risk. These disorders, known as renal osteodystrophy, vary widely and are classified into secondary hyperparathyroidism, adynamic bone, and osteomalacia based on bone turnover. Fracture risk increases with the severity of CKD, particularly in advanced stages (creatinine clearance <15–20 mL/min), but even patients with mild to moderate CKD are at risk of fractures. Fractures of the Lesser Trochanter (LT) in adults are rare, and most are caused by underlying malignancies. We present a case of simultaneous avulsion fractures in the left lesser trochanter and bilateral olecranon processes secondary to minor trauma in a young patient with End Stage Renal Disease, which has not been previously reported, and review the literature. This review summarizes the role of imaging (Radiography, US, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in assessing avulsion fractures in patients with end-stage renal disease. Ultrasound serves as a supportive tool in evaluating the neuromusculoskeletal system; however, in patients with end-stage renal disease, radiography, CT, and MRI remain the primary imaging modalities for assessing avulsion fractures
IgG4-related Disease Manifesting as Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Sialadenitis, and Cholangitis: Case Report
No full textIgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare autoimmune disease which can affect almost any organ. We present a case of IgG4-RD, which manifested as chronic autoimmune pancreatitis with pancreatic insufficiency, severe malnutrition, autoimmune sialadenitis, and cholangitis. After the administration of prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil, the patient’s condition improved significantly
Efficiency of Microwave Ablation for Cortisol-Producing Adrenal Adenomas: Case Series and a Literature Review
No full text Background: Adrenal adenomas, often discovered during imaging studies for unrelated conditions, pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their varying presentations and potential for hormone secretion. While surgical management remains the standard approach for hormonally active adrenal tumors, percutaneous ablation techniques – such as microwave ablation – have emerged as promising alternatives, particularly for patients who are not candidates for surgery.Materials and methods: This report presents a series of clinical cases in which percutaneous microwave ablation was used as an alternative to adrenalectomy. The study focuses on patients with cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas and explores the effectiveness of this minimally invasive procedure in achieving hormonal control and symptom relief.Results: Microwave ablation was successfully performed in all cases without major complications. Clinical follow-up demonstrated improvement in cortisol levels and relief of symptoms related to hypercortisolism. The procedure was well tolerated, offering an alternative therapeutic option for patients unsuitable for adrenalectomy.Conclusions: Percutaneous microwave ablation may serve as a safe and effective treatment option for cortisol-secreting adrenal adenomas in patients with Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion and ACTH-independent Cushing Syndrome who are not candidates for surgery. This approach may provide significant symptom relief and hormonal control with minimal invasiveness