Vilnius University Press Scholarly Journals
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Mindaugas Gilaitis kalbina Benjaminą De Meselį. Apie šiuolaikinę moralės filosofiją, Wittgensteiną ir P. F. Strawsoną
No full textCentral Bank Financial Policy Mechanism and Taxation Earning in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textA strong monetary policy is critical to the overall health of an economy. Again, funding availability for firms is crucial and acts as a spur for well-designed monetary policy. The implications are far-reaching and have an impact on government revenue collection, which helps to enhance social welfare since providing basic social amenities is an essential component of effective governance, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on tax revenue growth in SSA. The investigation makes use of data from the World Bank Development Indicators and the International Monetary Fund spanning the years 1990–2022. The study also uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the short- and long-run relationships between monetary policy instruments and tax revenue growth. Monetary policy methods employed include monetary authority credit to the private sector, domestic credit to the private sector, and wide money supply, while the tax revenue growth proportion to GDP is used. According to the findings, both the monetary authority and domestic credit to the private sector have considerable negative influences on tax revenue growth, whereas wide money has an encouraging but small effect. The consequence is that the private sector in SSA is underfinanced, making it harder for the government to collect substantial tax income to meet social duties. The paper recommends that the government and monetary authorities in SSA should adopt stronger monetary policies that promote private sector business growth, which, if implemented, will result in tax revenue increase
Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Mobile Money
No full textFinancial inclusion is a mechanism that provide accessibility and application of formal financial system at an affordable cost. Mobile money as a financial service allows value to be exchanged and stored in mobile money accounts as this facilitates economic development, expand investment opportunities, increase consumer spending, encourage entrepreneurship, and boost economic growth. Mobile money appears to be a good solution for accelerating financial inclusion.Research objective: This research aims to assess how mobile money can improve financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilizes secondary data from international organizations, specifically the IMF Financial Access Survey (FAS) and World Development Indicators by the World Bank. The sample consists of 17 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2010 to 2021. Financial inclusion is measured using an index developed, with data sourced from the FAS (2019) database, while mobile money usage data is also derived from the same database. To evaluate the impact of mobile money on financial inclusion, a dynamic panel model is utilized, estimated using the systemic generalized method of moments (Sys-GMM), drawing on methodology’s framework for robust estimation.Results: The results confirm the central hypothesis, according to which the use of mobile money improves financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore up to States and mobile network operators to intensify the use of mobile money. This intensification would be possible thanks to the development of mobile money, the regulation and security of mobile money services.Originality / Value / Practical implications: This research contributes novel insights into the role of mobile money as a transformative tool for financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. It distinguishes between registered and active mobile money accounts, assessing their effectiveness in facilitating access to traditional banking services such as loans, bill payments, savings, and overdrafts. By understanding user behaviors and engagement, this study provides a nuanced perspective on the impact of mobile money on the financial landscape of the regionImplication: The results enable the formulation of strategic recommendations for policy-makers aimed at advancing economic policies that foster the growth and utilization of mobile money services. These policies may include fostering partnerships between governments and mobile operators, enhancing digital literacy programs for users, and implementing regulatory frameworks that protect user interests while promoting innovation within the mobile money sector
Perceptions of Public Debt Management Offices on The Impact of Public Debt On Economic Growth in Low and Middle-Income Countries
No full textThis study explores perceptions of public debt management among Debt Management Offices (DMOs) in low- and middle-income countries. Based on a survey conducted in October 2023 covering 27 countries, it examines DMOs’ views on the relationship between public debt and economic growth, the practices shaping these perceptions, and the key variables influencing debt dynamics through regression modelling.The study findings highlight that DMOs generally perceive debt as negatively impacting growth, with perceptions shaped more by professional experience than internal economic studies. Four critical variables – debt cost, economic growth, primary deficit, and governance – emerge as key influences. Notably, DMOs conducting in-house studies show more cautious assessments than those relying solely on experience or external studies. These insights provide a nuanced understanding of debt dynamics, incorporating the subjective yet practical perspectives of debt managers
Nuo pasitikėjimo iki ignoravimo: kokią prasmę jaunuoliai suteikia žurnalistikai socialinių medijų aplinkoje?
No full textIn recent years, the rapid development of digital technologies and the challenges it poses have led to a surge in research on youth experiences in the media environment. The changing media environment and the new content creators emerging in it challenge professional journalism and blur the boundaries between professional and non-professional content. Young people growing up in such an information environment develop news-related practices and attitudes that are significantly different from the practices and attitudes of previous generations, which determines how young people receive, consume and share information. Therefore, the aim of this article is to reveal what meaning young people give to journalism in the social media environment. The article presents a study which included 13 focus group interviews with 63 senior students from different Lithuanian high schools. Reflective thematic analysis of the data revealed that distrust of journalism (or even condemnation of it) stems from an emotionally based relationship between journalism and young people, determined by a lack of knowledge. This indicates the need to develop and implement journalistic tools, strategies and practices that, by taking into account the growing influence of social media and the changing behavior of young people, could reach the young audiences on social media platforms.Pastaraisiais metais dėl sparčios skaitmeninių technologijų plėtros ir jos keliamų iššūkių išaugo poreikis atlikti vis daugiau jaunimo patirties medijų aplinkoje tyrimų. Besikeičianti medijų aplinka ir joje iškylantys nauji turinio kūrėjai meta iššūkį profesionaliai žurnalistikai bei trina ribas tarp profesionalaus ir neprofesionalaus turinio. Tokioje informacinėje aplinkoje augantys jaunuoliai išsiugdo su naujienomis susijusias praktikas ir požiūrius, kurie smarkiai skiriasi nuo ankstesnių kartų praktikų ir požiūrių, lemiančių, kaip jaunimas gauna, vartoja ir dalijasi informacija. Todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti, kokią prasmę jaunuoliai suteikia žurnalistikai socialinių medijų aplinkoje. Straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kurio metu atlikta 13 fokus grupių interviu su 63 aukštesniųjų klasių moksleiviais iš skirtingų Lietuvos mokyklų. Reflektyvi teminė duomenų analizė atskleidė, kad nepasitikėjimas žurnalistika (ar netgi jos smerkimas) kyla iš emocijomis paremto žurnalistikos ir jaunuolių santykio, nulemto žinių trūkumo. Tai rodo poreikį kurti ir įgyvendinti žurnalistikos priemones, strategijas ir praktikas, kuriomis, atsižvelgiant į didėjančią socialinių medijų įtaką ir besikeičiančią jaunuolių elgseną, būtų galima pasiekti jaunąją auditoriją socialinių medijų platformose
Vizualioji komunikacija apie klimato kaitą internetinėje Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje
No full textClimate change has multiple long-term and diverse effects but is usually not experienced directly. Therefore, the role of the media is particularly important to understand climate change. It is possible to communicate not only with text, but also with images, which can provide an additional dimension of perception to the analyzed phenomenon. Visualization can help the audience understand complex phenomena, especially related to the topic of climate change. This article presents an analysis of visual communication of climate change in online Lithuanian media. The analysis uses the database of online media collected during the project “Public Perceptions of Climate Change: Lithuanian Case in a European Comparative Perspective”. Based on the selected criteria, 78 illustrations from 49 articles in which climate change is the main topic were included in the analysis. The selected visualizations were analyzed thematically; as also, the concreteness and abstractness level, based on the construal level theory, was explored. The results of the study reveal the general trends in visual climate change communication in popular Lithuanian online media, the recurring themes, and the orientation towards the depiction of the effects of climate change rather than solutions. This study can be considered an initial step towards a deeper understanding of visual communication of climate change.Klimato kaita lemia ilgalaikius ir įvairialypius padarinius, tačiau dažniausiai jie nepatiriami tiesiogiai. Todėl klimato kaitai suvokti ypač svarbus žiniasklaidos vaidmuo. Komunikuoti galima ne tik tekstu, bet ir vaizdais, kurie suteikia papildomą analizuojamo reiškinio suvokimo dimensiją. Vizualizacija gali padėti lengviau suvokti kompleksiškus reiškinius, ypač susijusius su klimato kaitos tematika. Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma vizualiosios komunikacijos apie klimato kaitą internetinėje Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje analizė. Joje naudojama internetinės žiniasklaidos duomenų bazė, sukaupta įgyvendinant projektą „Socialinis klimato kaitos suvokimas: Lietuvos atvejis tarptautinėje Europos lyginamojoje perspektyvoje“. Pagal pasirinktus kriterijus į analizę įtrauktos 78 iliustracijos iš 49 straipsnių, kurių pagrindinė tema yra klimato kaita. Atrinktos vizualizacijos analizuotos pagal tematiką bei konkretumą ir abstraktumą, remiantis konstruojamojo lygio teorija. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia bendras vizualiosios komunikacijos apie klimato kaitą Lietuvos populiariojoje internetinėje žiniasklaidoje tendencijas, pasikartojančias temas bei orientaciją į klimato kaitos poveikio, o ne sprendimų vaizdavimą. Šis tyrimas gali būti laikomas pradiniu žingsniu, atveriančiu kelią į gilesnį vizualiosios klimato kaitos komunikacijos supratimą
The Role of Data Analytic to Enhance Design Thinking Process in Producing Social Media Contents
No full textIntroduction. This research explains how the integration of roles and optimization of data analytics within the design thinking process can develop social media accounts organically. Method. This study uses an auto-netnography method that focuses on the process of figuring out the output of the data from content analysis and active participant observation on a YouTube channel. Analysis. The triangulation process is carried out by confirming the data from observations as well as the analytics data provided for users and account managers on YouTube. We carry out the interpretation process reflectively, drawing from personal experiences on social media to enrich the meaning. Results. Data analytics enhances the reliability of data on audience behavior due to its ability to optimally process big data and present the data in visual form, thereby increasing the speed and accuracy of decision-making. Data analytics plays a role in all stages of design thinking from empathizing, ideating, creating, to socializing. Conclusions. This research found the effective role of social media platform data analytics in the account development process through the design thinking process. This finding fills a research gap regarding social media data analytics, which has not been widely linked to the content production process
Europos švietimo erdvės strateginės programos įgyvendinimo ypatumai naujosiose ES šalyse
No full textAlmost a quarter of a century has passed since the European Union started to implement the Lisbon strategy (2000) and developed a common education policy for all the member states. The newest strategic document which defines the direction of education policy development is the European Education Area strategic framework (ET2030), which is to be implemented by the year 2030. In order to monitor the attainment of education policy goals, common goals are set for the member states. However, the EU member states have achieved different levels of socio-economic development and operate in different historical and cultural contexts. It is common practice to divide EU countries into old and new member states because the social and economic differences between the groups are most evident. Besides that, there are also differences within each group. Therefore, we may assume that the scope and the mode of achieving educational goals also differ. The study aims to reveal education policy differences of post-socialist EU member states. For this purpose, the most convenient strategy towards the ET2030 strategic framework has been identified for each post-socialist EU country, considering their different social, economic, and cultural situation.Jau beveik ketvirtį amžiaus, skaičiuojant nuo Lisabonos strategijos (2000) įgyvendinimo pradžios, Europos Sąjunga (ES) siekia formuoti bendrąją švietimo politiką. Naujausias švietimo politikos kryptį nusakantis dokumentas – Europos švietimo erdvės strateginė programa, kurią įgyvendinti numatyta iki 2030 metų (ET2030). Vykdant ET2030 užsibrėžtų švietimo politikos tikslų įgyvendinimo stebėseną, nustatyti bendri visoms šalims siektini rodikliai. Tačiau šalys narės pasižymi nevienodu socialinio ir ekonominio išsivystymo lygiu, joms būdingas skirtingas istorinis-kultūrinis kontekstas. Dažnai išskiriamos senosios ir naujosios, arba posocialistinės, ES narės, nes socialiniai ir ekonominiai skirtumai tarp jų bene ryškiausi. Tačiau yra skirtumų ir abiejų šalių grupių viduje, todėl galima manyti, kad švietimo tikslų įgyvendinimo lygis ir būdai taip pat skiriasi. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti posocialistinių ES šalių švietimo politikos skirtumus. Siekiant šio tikslo, buvo identifikuota kiekvienai posocialistinei ES narei jos socialinę, ekonominę ir kultūrinę situaciją atitinkanti ET2030 tikslų įgyvendinimo strategija
Mokytojų profesinės kompetencijos tobulinimas pasitelkiant veiklos tyrimus kaip profesinio tobulėjimo formą
No full textAction research serves as a significant tool for the professional development of teachers, the enhancement of educational practice, and the advancement of student learning. This review study aims to provide an empirically grounded perspective on action research as a means of stimulating the development of teachers’ professional competence. Drawing upon the analysis of 28 empirical studies from the Scopus, WoS, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases over the past five years, the study identifies the contributions of action research to the development of both core and key professional competences among teachers. The findings confirm that action research not only supports the expansion and deepening of teachers’ knowledge base but also fosters the development of their key professional competences which are vital for effectively addressing the challenges of pedagogical practice. These findings highlight the potential of action research as a form of professional development and its application in establishing teacher professional communities centred on reflection and innovation, aimed at enhancing educational practice and student learning.Veiklos tyrimai yra svarbi mokytojų profesinio tobulėjimo, ugdymo praktikos tobulinimo ir mokinių mokymosi pažangos užtikrinimo priemonė. Šiuo apžvalginiu tyrimu siekiama pristatyti empiriškai pagrįstą požiūrį į veiklos tyrimus kaip mokytojų profesinės kompetencijos tobulinimo priemonę. Remiantis 28-ių per pastaruosius penkerius metus atliktų empirinių tyrimų iš Scopus, WoS, EBSCO, ProQuest ir Science Direct duomenų bazių analize, tyrimo nustatytas veiklos tyrimų indėlis ugdant pagrindines ir bendrąsias mokytojų profesines kompetencijas. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtina, kad veiklos tyrimai ne tik padeda plėsti ir gilinti mokytojų žinias, bet ir skatina jų pagrindinių profesinių kompetencijų, kurios yra gyvybiškai svarbios siekiant veiksmingai spręsti pedagoginės praktikos iššūkius, ugdymą. Šie radiniai išryškina veiklos tyrimų, kaip vienos iš profesinio tobulėjimo formų, potencialą ir jų taikymą kuriant į refleksiją ir inovacijas orientuotas mokytojų profesines bendruomenes. Visa tai padeda tobulinti ugdymo praktiką ir mokinių mokymąsi
Mokytojų emocinio darbo strategijų ir patiriamo perdegimo ryšys
No full textThis study aims to pinpoint the emotional labor strategy most frequently used by teachers and gender differences identified in the emotional labor strategies. Furthermore, it examines the causal relationship between emotional labor strategies and teacher burnout. The study sample comprised (720) teachers in Jordan who completed the Emotional Labor Instrument (ELI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The results show that suppression is the most common strategy teachers use, whereas surface acting is the least commonly used strategy. No differences in surface acting and emotional consonance were diagnosed according to gender. Female teachers used deep acting, suppression, surface acting, and deep-acting negative emotions more than their male counterparts. Finally, the results of the path analysis showed that surface acting, deep acting, and surface-acting and deep-acting negative emotions were all positively related with teacher burnout, while no relationship was detected between suppression, emotional consonance, and teacher burnout. The researchers’ recommendation is to study other factors, such as teacher competence, that may potentially affect their emotional labor strategies.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kurias emocinio darbo strategijas dažniausiai naudoja mokytojai ir (ar) strategijų naudojimas priklauso nuo lyties. Be to, analizuojamas mokytojų emocinio darbo strategijų ir patiriamo perdegimo ryšys. Tyrime dalyvavo 720 mokytojų iš Jordanijos, jie užpildė Emocinio darbo instrumentą (angl. The Emotional Labor Instrument (ELI) ir Maslach perdegimo klausimyną (angl. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Rezultatai atskleidė, kad dažniausiai mokytojų naudojama strategija yra slopinimas, o rečiausiai pasitelkiamas paviršutiniškas veikimas. Tyrime nenustatyta reikšmingų lyčių skirtumų pagal paviršutinišką veikimą ir emocinę dermę, tačiau moterys mokytojos dažniau nei vyrai pasitelkia autentišką veikimą, slopinimą, paviršutinišką veikimą ir patiria dėl autentiško veikimo kylančių neigiamų emocijų. Kelio analizės rezultatai rodo, kad paviršutiniškas veikimas, autentiškas veikimas ir dėl paviršutiniško bei autentiško veikimo kylančios neigiamos emocijos prognozuoja mokytojų perdegimą, o slopinimo, emocinės dermės ir mokytojų perdegimo sąsajos nėra reikšmingos. Ateities tyrimams rekomenduojame tirti kitų veiksnių, pvz., mokytojų kompetencijos, įtaką emocinio darbo strategijoms