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Tie-Dye Attires Of Borno Kanuri People As Element of Cultural Identity In Postcolonial Nigeria
Get PDFThe sustenance and continuity of indigenous cultural identity has been a major concern and pursuit for post-colonial Africa. Decolonization, revival, and sustenance of national and ethnic identities are explored through the components of culture. Africans, including Nigerians, are greatly influenced by culture in their daily living, especially costumes. Nigerian cultural attires vary among ethnic groups and the peculiarity is relevant in identification, communication and association. This study examined the indigenous attire of the Kanuri people of Borno State in Nigeria, to evaluate the function of cultural dress in the decolonization process and identification of peoples in a globalized world. Textiles made from the tie-dye resist technique, in specific colors, have been adopted by the Kanuri as their peculiar traditional dress. The study purposively selected the female Kanuri Dongashou, used for wedding eve celebrations (Wushe-Wushe). Observational schedule, photographic documentation, and non-formal structured interviews were the instruments used during fieldwork to collect primary data. From results, the Kanuri people have established an identity through their cultural attires not only in northern Nigeria but globally. The survival and acceptability of the attires as a cultural factor had been possible due to the simplicity of the tie-dye technique, availability of cost-efficient materials, general affordability of the attires, and skills-transfer through generations.
Keywords: Attire, Cultural Identity, Kanuri, Postcolonial Nigeria, Tie and Dye
Effect of Interactive Approach on Students Speaking Skill in English Language in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State of Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigates the effect of an interactive approach on the English-speaking skill of Junior Secondary School Students in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. Recognizing the critical importance of English proficiency in a globalized world, this research addresses the inadequacies of traditional, teacher-centered methods that often fail to develop students' speaking abilities effectively. The interactive approach, rooted in constructivist and communicative language teaching theories, emphasizes active student participation and authentic language use. Utilizing a pre-test and post-test design, this study assessed the speaking skills of 37 volunteer students from Junior Secondary School 3 (JSS 3) before and after implementing an interactive teaching intervention. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students' speaking skill, with the mean post-test scores significantly higher than the pre-test scores (t=21.216, p<0.0001). These findings suggest that the interactive approach is a more effective method for enhancing speaking skills compared to traditional approaches. The study recommends integrating the cultural context of the region into interactive activities and leveraging technology to further support interactive language learning. It recommended that cultural context of the region should be integrated into interactive activities and assessments, as this can increase student engagement and motivation. For example, incorporating local cultural themes or legends into role-play scenarios can provide a rich and relevant learning environment.
Keywords: Interactive approach, English speaking skills, Junior Secondary School, Maiduguri Metropoli
A Comparative Study of Identity and Estrangement in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah and Teju Cole’s Open City
Get PDFWith the present wave of migration that has ravaged Africa, literature is expanding to meet a variety of domestic and international challenges. Identity and estrangement are twin concepts that have not garnered the level of critical attention it deserves. The study, therefore, compares the representation of identity and estrangement in Adichie’s Americanah and Cole’s Open City. This study employs the postcolonial theory, which explores the experiences of the formerly colonised and how African narratives correct preconceived notions about Africa. The paper explores the different experiences of the two main characters in the texts – Ifemelu and Julius, who both find their way to America in search of better opportunities. While Adichie’s Americanah exposes Ifemelu’s grappling with the challenges of navigating a new culture, which leads to her alienation from her roots, Cole’s Open City portrays the issues of the mind exemplified in Julius’ feelings of extreme loneliness in America even though he is a successful doctor. Ultimately, her return to Nigeria signifies her resolution to her identity crisis, wherein she reclaims her sense of belonging and reaffirms her identity. However, this is not the same as that of Julius whose feelings of estrangement remain unresolved at the end of the narrative.
Keywords: Identity, estrangement, postcolonialism, Chimamanda Adichie, Teju Cole
The Igbo Apprenticeship Model and Practice: A Legal Examination of the Contractual Status of the "Nwa Boyi" in South-East Nigeria
Get PDFThe Igbo Apprenticeship Model, known locally as the "Igba Boi" system, which have span over five centuries before the precolonial times serves as cornerstone of entrepreneurship and economic development within the Igbo community of South-East Nigeria. This traditional practice involves a young male apprentice, referred to as "Nwa Boyi," being trained under the guidance of a master trader or entrepreneur. The apprenticeship model is of great economic advantage to both the local Igbo community, the family of the young male apprentice who spend years learning business tactics and skills. Despite its significant socio-economic contributions, the "Igba Boi" system operates largely outside formal legal frameworks, raising questions about the contractual status and legal protections of the apprentices. This study examines how the Igbo apprenticeship model ("Nwa Boyi") fits within South-East Nigeria and its legal framework. Findings reveal challenges in contractual enforcement due to informal agreements. Using sociocultural theory, legal pluralism, and contract theory, the research highlights gaps between customary practices and statutory law, suggesting the need for legal reforms.
Keywords: Igbo, Apprenticeship, Nwa Boyi, Nigerian, Labo
Interrogating the Right to Self-Determination Under the African Charter and its Enforcement in Nigeria
Get PDFSince the end of colonialism, the quest for self-determination has remained a phenomenon across African states, especially Nigeria. In Nigeria, while the 1999 Constitution lacks any express or implied support for exercising the right to self-determination, agitators have justified their claims on Article 20 of the African Charter to which Nigeria is a signatory. This paper interrogated the right to self-determination under the African Charter and its enforcement in Nigeria. Further to this, the judicial attitude of the African Court and ECOWAS court to the enforcement of the right to self-determination under the African Charter formed part of the central focus of this study. The study found that having domesticated the African Charter, it is enforceable in Nigeria. It equates to any other Act validly made by the legislative arm except the Nigerian Constitution. Thus, any provision of the African Charter inconsistent with the Constitution is null and void. The paper concluded that, though Nigeria has domesticated the African Charter which recognises the right to self-determination, the exercise and pursuit of this right in any manner as to dissolve Nigeria is inconsistent with the 1999 Constitution thus null and void.
Keywords: Self-Determination; African Charter; Secession; Inalienable Right; Territorial Integrit
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980 - 2018)
Get PDFForeign Direct Investment (FDI) serves as a means through which developing economies earn overseas earnings through aid, business startups, and investments from developed nations. This study analyses the determinants of the inflows of FDI into Nigeria from 1991 – 2018 and its effect on the growth of the country. Data was obtained from different official sites such as the World Development Indicators (WDI), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Central Bank of Nigeria Bulletin (CBN), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Multivariate co-integration analysis (VAR) was employed to ascertain the relationship between the FDI and economic growth. After the first differencing, the variables became stationary at 0.05%. Johansen and Granger causality tests were conducted to check for causality between foreign direct investment and economic output. The outcome showed that openness to trade, exchange rate, and infrastructural facilities contributed to output. The result of the study indicated that FDI is a significant measure of growth. Employing the multivariate times series data, it was concluded that the determinants of foreign direct investment include infrastructural facilities, openness to trade, and exchange rate which are positively related and statistically significant to economic growth. This study recommends that the government improve infrastructural facilities such as stable electricity supply, good roads, and a conducive environment to assure foreign expatriates about their safety and investment. This will boost investment inflow into society and reduce local investors’ emigration.
Keywords: Exchange rate, Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Vector Autoregressive Method
A Critical Review of Collective Bargaining Indices of Industrial Relations in Nigeria
Get PDFCollective Bargaining is a process in labour relations whereby negotiation between employers and employees center on terms and conditions of service in an employment. This paper employs the use of an hybrid method of study to examines how Collective Bargaining has helped in no small measures in absence of industrial democracy structure being the only form and indices which exist in our labour law structure. Further examine the concept of collective bargaining, it practice in Nigeria, its benefits and how it has created an indices for democratic governance in our labour relation as in most legal research, the paper adopted both doctrinal and non-doctrinal (203 questionnaire were distributed) method of legal research, it was contended that the paper concluded that collective bargaining should be an indices of industrial democracy in Nigeria labour relations, the paper concludes that the practice of industrial democracy will strengthened in the work place and its recommended that a separate legal frame work should be put in place amongst other things to ensure the practice of industrial democracy in Nigeria.
Keywords: Collective Bargaining, Industrial Relations, Indices of Industrial Relations, Industrial Democracy, Labour Relation
Navigating the New Norm: Understanding the Provisions and Impacts of the Lagos State Land Registration Law of 2015
Get PDFThe introduction of the Lagos State Land Registration Law (LRL) in 2015 marked a significant shift in the regulation of real property transactions in Lagos State. Prior to this, various laws such as the Registration of Titles Law, the Land Instrument Registration Law, the Electronic Management Systems Law of 2007, and the Registration of Titles (Appeal) Rules governed the registration process. However, these laws were repealed by the comprehensive LRL, which came into effect on 21 January 2015. The primary aim of the LRL was to establish a unified legal framework for the entire State, eliminating the previous dual system that caused confusion due to the parallel registration processes for titles and instruments. This paper examines the provisions and advancements introduced by the LRL regarding land registration in Lagos State, maintaining that the overarching goal of the LRL is to merge the previously distinct and concurrent registration systems in Lagos, thus promoting clarity and reducing the uncertainties that plagued the pre-2015 era in the State. Though the paper acknowledges that due to the partial implementation of the law, many of its provisions remain untested in both judicial proceedings and practical applications to evaluate their actual efficacy, it maintains that its conclusion remains justified by the text of the law itself and other primary sources. The paper, therefore, advocates for a pressing revision of the LRL 2015 to enhance its practicality and self-executing nature. This is to ensure prompt enforcement to facilitate the immediate enhancement of land systems and registration in Lagos State to align with international standards and best practices in conveyancing procedures.
Keywords: Land Registration; Real Property; Lagos State; Conveyancing; Power of Attorney; Sublease; Mortgage; Sale of Land; Registrar; Land Registry; Registe
Red Cap Title Holders’ Participation in Education and Community Development in South East Nigeria: The Case of Selected Communities in Imo and Abia States
Get PDFTown unions including age grades and title holders could assist in upholding peace, culture and other community needs towards the well-being of the society. This study investigated Red Cap Title holders’ participation in education and community development in selected communities in Imo and Abia states. A descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was all the 1,340 red cap title holders in the 856 autonomous communities in Imo and Abia States. A total of 134 red cap title holders were randomly selected from 86 autonomous communities across the 3 senatorial districts to serve as respondents. Three research questions and one hypothesis were raised to guide the study. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled “Red Cap Title Holders Participation in Education and Community Development Questionnaire (REDCAPTEDCDQUE)” was designed, validated, pilot-tested (N=20, r=.77). Descriptive statistics of mean was used to answer the research questions while Pearson r statistics was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed high level participation in educational and community development programmes, high level participation in scholarship for indigent students. However, it also revealed low level support for women in governance. The study further revealed that there exists significant relationship between red cap title holders activities and education development in the Imo and Abia state. The paper recommended among others that Red cap title holders should increase their support for women in governance towards progressive and sustainable national development.
Keywords: Red-Cap-Tile, Education and Community Developmen
Influence Of Aberrant Response Behaviours On Academic Achievement Of Secondary School Students With Physical Disability Status In Niger State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to assess the influence of aberrant response behaviour on academic achievement of secondary school students with physical disability. A quasi-experimental design was carried out in 66 public secondary school within Niger State. The study adopted, through a purposive sampling method 98 students with various and varying degrees of physical disabilities, specifically, 75 orthopaedic and 23 visual impaired students currently in SSS III classes. Two self-developed instruments were utilized to collect data; Mathematics-English-Language-Achievement-Test (MELAT); and Proforma for Achievement Scores of Students with Physical Disability (PASS-PD). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significant difference. The findings of the investigation revealed that, with cheating and plodding as observed aberrant response behaviours among the subjects, there is statistically significant difference in the academic achievement of students with orthopaedic and visual impairments in Mean Cumulative Academic Achievement (MCAA), Pre-test and Post-test MELAT. This assertion is based on the evident results of 30.32 for difference in the academic achievement of students with orthopaedic impairment, and 13.41 for difference in the academic achievements of students with visual impairments, which are greater than the probability value of 0.00. Academic integrity policies to promote ethical conduct of tests and specialized support services to enhance improved learning experiences and valid outcomes of students with these impairments were recommended.
Keywords: Physical disability, Aberrant response pattern, Item response theory, Orthopaedic impairment, Cheating and Ploddin