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Party Politics and Internal Democracy: A Sine qua non to Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria
Get PDFPolitical parties are essential to democracy, because they provide a platform for citizen representation and involvement. The practice of internal democracy, which guarantees justice, openness, and inclusivity within party organizations, is essential to their effectiveness. However, Nigeria grapples with serious challenges with its internal party practices, despite its ambitions toward a consolidated democracy. Within political parties, there is widespread disrespect for democratic values in Nigeria, which breeds factionalism, power battles, and electoral malpractice. The deterioration of internal democracy poses significant challenges to the nation’s democratic consolidation, as it impedes the rise of responsible leadership and cultivates a climate of impunity among political elites. From a methodological standpoint, this study evaluates the level of internal party democracy in Nigeria by conducting a thorough examination of the body of current literature, legislative frameworks, and empirical data. By utilizing academic knowledge and practical illustrations, it highlights the structural flaws and systemic obstacles that threaten Nigeria’s democratic system of government. A series of suggestions are put out in response to these difficulties to stimulate the restoration of internal party democracy and accelerate the process of democratic consolidation. These include pushing for the passage of laws to fortify election procedures, giving independent electoral authorities authority to supervise party primaries, and supporting public awareness initiatives to encourage civic participation and responsibility.
Keywords: Citizen participation, internal democracy, Nigeria, political partie
Egyptian Idea of Ma’at into the Healthcare to Cultivate Balance and Harmony
Get PDFNigerian health sector faces many challenges including medical tourism, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to quality healthcare services, insufficient funding, a brain drain among clinicians, and many others. The health crisis in Nigeria has led to widespread poverty and exacerbated health disparities. Different approaches have been used by the Nigerian government to address the health crisis but have failed. This study suggests the implementation of the Egyptian philosophy of Maat to mitigate the effects of the health crisis in Nigeria. The Maat ethics is the application of the principle of balance, harmony, and order and had served as the moral foundation of ancient Egyptian society. Using the philosophy method of analysis, this study maintains that the integration of Maat Ethics into public health initiatives would enhance resilience and response mechanisms to health crises, promote community engagement, ensure equitable access to healthcare, and foster solidarity among diverse populations in the Nigerian health sector. This study concludes that by synthesizing ancient wisdom with modern public health strategies, this research aims to contribute to the development of culturally responsive and sustainable interventions for mitigating health crises in Nigeria and beyond. Additionally, incorporating traditional practices and cultural beliefs into modern healthcare approaches can help bridge gaps in access and improve health outcomes for all Nigerians.
Keywords: Maat, Health, crisis, corruption, Nigeria, Egyptia
Yoruba Dundun Sekere Traditional Music in the Palace of the Alaafin of Oyo
Get PDFThis study focuses on the Yoruba traditional Dundun-Sekere music in the palace of the Alaafin of Oyo. It traces and explores the Yoruba traditional music and Dundun- Sekere ensemble; the study also examines the Dundun -Sekere ensemble of the Alaafin of Oyo; and discusses the textual analysis of the Dundun-Sekere music. This study relied solely on oral tradition, written documents, and live musical performance approaches. The research combines historiographical and ethnomusicological approaches. Historical oral information was collected through interviews with twenty (20) Yoruba traditional court musicians found in the palace of the Alaafin of Oyo who specialize in the performance of different types of traditional music in general and the Dundun-Sekere musicians in particular. The results show that Yoruba traditional music is entirely different from that of Western Europe. The music of the Yoruba society reveals a great deal about its beliefs and sentiments. Music has always been used in the Yoruba traditional cultures to celebrate various ceremonies. Musicianship in the Yoruba traditional society is hereditary. One thing about the Dundun-Sekere ensemble is that the musicians play their instruments and sing along at the same time. The Dundun-Sekere music originated from the Alaafin’s court before it spread to other parts of Yoruba land. In conclusion, the Oyo Alaafin’s court is the home of the Dundun-Sekere music. The Dundun-Sekere musicians in Oyo have experienced professionals. It should be noted that it is only the Sekere of the Alaafin of Oyo that has cowries and shells in Yoruba land. Others have beads. It is suggested that the music – of the Dundun Sekere ensemble should be documented, recontextualized, and repackaged to teach the upcoming generation and the Yoruba in the diasporas.
Keywords: Yoruba, Traditional, Court Music, Alaafin, and the Palac
Analysis of Urban Expansion and Land Use/ Land Cover Changes in Abeokuta, Nigeria using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques
Get PDFSince 1976, Abeokuta has functioned as the administrative centre of Ogun State, Nigeria. During this time, significant changes have occurred in its physical landscape, urban growth, and sprawl. These changes, driven by factors affecting Land Use/ Land Cover Changes (LULCC), pose environmental challenges such as transportation issues, land degradation, and pollution. This research investigates the impact of urban expansion in Abeokuta using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to monitor changes in land use and land cover from 1972 to 2022, and assess their environmental implications. The study identifies various Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) types, employing maximum likelihood classification to categorise features based on spectral signatures. Using imagery from Landsat satellites (TM4-5 for 1972,1984, 1992, TM7 for 2002, 2013, and OLI/MSS for 2022), the features were grouped into four primary classes: built-up areas, vegetation, drainage, and soil lands. Each year's data was processed using ArcGIS 10.5 to calculate the area covered by each land use class. The results illustrate notable changes in Abeokuta's LULC over the years. Specifically, the proportion of built-up areas increased from 0.66% in 1972 to 10.93% in 2022, while vegetation cover decreased from 93.66% to 58.82% during the same period. Drainage fluctuated, reaching a peak of 4.07% in 1992 but reducing to 2.23% by 2022. The soil land also varied, with significant shifts observed over the studied years (3.54% to 28.02%). The expansion of built-up areas at the expense of vegetation can be attributed to the conversion of natural vegetative surfaces into settlements and impermeable surfaces. The study underscores the importance of effective urban planning and enforcement of planning regulations by local and state governments in Abeokuta. This proactive approach is crucial to curbing the unplanned growth of the city and mitigating its adverse environmental impacts.
Keywords: Urban Expansion, Land Use/Land Cover Changes, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems, Abeokut
The Impact of the 2023 Cashless Policy on Live Music Performance in Nigeria: A Study of Selected Popular Musicians and Audience
Get PDFA live music performance is an event where musicians perform in front of an audience, playing instruments or singing live. The cashless policy in Nigeria is a policy established by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to curb excesses in the handling of cash in the Nigerian federation. The policy was enforced not to eliminate the use of cash, but to reduce the volume of cash in circulation. This study reflects on the problems and prospects associated with the live music performances during the 2023 cashless policy in Nigeria. The study employed both primary and secondary data. The primary includes journal, books, internet and magazine. It also relied on interview and participant observation method. Findings revealed that the cashless policy was very hard-hitting especially for musicians whose brands are based on the money they are being sprayed at events. For them, it has been bad business since people have been unable to spray them at events during the cashless policy. It conclusion, the exchange for money between a live music performer and an audience through cash is a changing landscape that is left presently, only with the option of appreciating a musician through bank online transactions but calls for emerging a fascinating digital method of appreciation
Keywords: Cashless Policy, Live Music, Musicians, Performance
Sacrifice in Judaism and its Challenges to Christian Religious Worship in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis
Get PDFThis comparative analysis explores the concept of sacrifice in Judaism and its challenges to Christian religious worship in Nigeria. Sacrifice holds significance in both faith traditions, influencing worship practices in diverse ways. The study focuses on theological implications, historical contexts, and contemporary relevance of sacrificial practices in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, sacrifice historically played a central role in religious worship, with rituals of animal offerings serving as means of atonement, thanksgiving, and communion with God. The Hebrew Bible outlines detailed instructions for sacrificial practices, emphasizing purity, obedience, and spiritual intent. However, with the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the practice of animal sacrifice ceased, leading to new interpretations of sacrifice within Jewish theology. In Nigeria, Christianity has become dominant, coexisting with traditional religious practices involving sacrificial offerings to deities and spirits. The introduction of Christianity in Nigeria has presented challenges to traditional sacrificial practices, resulting in theological debates, cultural conflicts, and shifts in religious identity among Nigerian Christians. The tension between traditional sacrificial rituals and Christian teachings on sacrifice has influenced religious worship practices in Nigeria, showcasing the complexities of religious syncretism and cultural adaptation. This analysis examines the challenges that the concept of sacrifice poses to Christian religious worship in Nigeria, exploring how the legacy of sacrificial practices in Judaism influences Christian perspectives on sacrifice, redemption, and divine worship. By comparing sacrificial traditions in Judaism and Christianity, this study aims to deepen understanding of how religious beliefs, cultural traditions, and theological perspectives interact and evolve in diverse religious contexts.
Keywords: Sacrifice, Judaism, Christianity, Religious Worship, Nigeria, Comparative Analysis, Theology, Rituals, Syncretism, Cultural Adaptatio
Exploring the factors inhibiting Residential Property Market Efficiency in Akure, Nigeria
Get PDFThis research assessed factors inhibiting residential property market efficiency in Akure, Nigeria. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to (2,668) property owners/tenants selected out of 12,325 (twelve thousand, three hundred and twenty-five) target population. Twenty-six (26) Estate Surveying and Valuation Practicing firms in Akure, as contained in the 2023 register of the head of a firm of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIEVS) Ondo State Branch, were also administered. Data collected were analyzed using the Kruskawalis Test. The study revealed no statistically significant differences in the opinion of the respondents in the three selected residential neighborhoods and the practicing Estate Surveying and Valuation firms on the factors inhibiting residential property market efficiency in Akure. The study recommended that the Government and relevant stakeholders in the property market should develop a workable framework and environment to improve the condition of the market and ensure a robust, efficient property market. Also, the Nigeria Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers should help provide adequate market information to ensure transparency and efficiency in the property market.
Keywords: Market Efficiency, Residential Property Market, Estate Surveyors and Valuer
Effect of Physical Activity and Health Education Intervention on Glycemic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Borno State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri
Get PDFAbstract. This study assessed effect of physical activity and health education intervention on glycemic Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Borno State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri. To achieve this, two hypotheses were tested. Pre-test post-test research design was adopted for the study. The sampled population is forty (40) type 2 diabetics patients attending Borno State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri. Availability sample procedure was used to select all respondents for the study. The participants completed a general information form included question on age, marital status, family history of the disease, duration of the disease, clinical characteristics, awareness of diabetic complications, taking oral diabetic among others. The researchers recorded the last reading for (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) for each patient. Education intervention was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus samples for 8 weeks containing lectures, discussion and physical activity. At the meetings, they were recommended and gave the information about diabetes and its complications, proper diet, exercise every day at least 30 min such as bike, walking, and aerobic, taking education regularly as directed by the physician, self-monitoring patient’s blood sugar, diabetic foot care, and not smoking. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percent, mean and standard deviation was used to described the respondent characteristic parameter while inferential statistics of The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result shows that both physical activity and health education intervention have significant effect on glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (P<0.05). It was then recommended that medical practitioners should provide health education intervention programs that will increasing awareness among diabetes mellitus patients.
Keywords: Physical Activity, Health Education, Intervention, Glycemic Type 2 Diabetes, Mellitus Patients
Amartya Sen's Conception of Social Justice and Ethnic Crises in Contemporary Nigeria
Get PDFSince the creation of the country called Nigeria, there has been debates on the issue of peaceful coexistence among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria. The nation has faced a series of ethnic, political, and economic crises, this has divided the ethnic lines bringing about disparities among the people. These disparities have raised rivalries due to the unequal distribution of the nation's resources. There are tensions arising from marginalisation of one ethnic group, at the expense of other ethnic groups, especially, minority ethnic groups. The marginalisation and dominance of a particular ethnic group in governance and leadership is daunting and challenging, and this has generated misunderstanding and mistrust among the people. As a result of this, the problem of ethnic relations is also affected due to a large number of ethnic groups in Nigeria. This brought ill feelings, hatred, injustice, imbalance, and intolerance among the people. In this regard, this paper adopts Sen’s Idea of Justice to end ethnic crises in contemporary Nigeria. This paper adopted analytical method and used the tool of critical analysis. This is to analyse ethnic crises and political instability in contemporary Nigeria. The ethnic crises is more compelling when viewed against the many occasions of injustice and unfair treatment suffered by the majority of marginalised, disadvantaged, and vulnerable minority ethnic groups in Nigerian society. This will pave the way for getting a clear understanding of why crises occurred in the country, gain some certainty of the facts, and establish the reasons and effects between those facts so that one can understand the relationships between variables which will help in getting solutions to the problems of ethnic crises in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Ethnic crises is one of the challenges facing the stability of Nigeria as a nation. It is on this premise that this research is based. Amartya Sen’s Idea of Justice will end the ethnic crises by adhering to it. Through Amartya Sen’s Niti and Nyaya, human reason can differentiate between justice and injustice through the realization process. Niti according to Sen is an idea of a just world, it is a procedural sense of justice and the instrument of codification. Nyaya is a comprehensive vision or design of realized justice. It represents the realistic and holistic sense of justice and focuses attention on the detailed result. The main task of Nyaya is preventing matsanyaya i.e. big fish-eating small fish which is an injustice. The study concluded that Ethnic crises have led to economic loss and rivalries between various ethnic groups. Contemporary Nigeria can end ethnic crises by adopting Amarya Sen’s Niti and Nyaya, and it is possible through Public Reasoning to end injustice among various Ethnic groups in contemporary Nigeria. The study therefore revealed that through Public Reasoning, it will eradicate ethnic crises and promote equality, unity, and peace.
Keywords: Ethnic crises, marginalization, ethnic group, Amartya Sen
An Assessment of the Efficacy of Local Authorities’ Developmental Bye-Laws as Instrument to mitigate Building Collapse in Southwest, Nigeria
Get PDFOne persistent problem in the nation is the terrible tendency of building collapses. This has hampered the advancement of infrastructure and resulted to fatalities, property destruction, and financial losses for Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to assess how local governments' building codes and development bylaws affected the number of building collapses in Nigeria. The pertinent literature on the subject was examined. To improve the research's findings, the Ogun State Urban Regional Planning Law of 2008 and the 2010 Lagos State Urban and Regional Planning and Development Law, which is used in conjunction with the National URP law, were also examined. As a research tool, structured questionnaires were used; 48 were distributed, and 41 (85.4%) were returned.
The gathered data were shown and explained. According to the research project, building collapses in Nigeria might be decreased if policymakers and the government focused more on the problem of upholding developmental bylaws, made sure that these laws are updated to reflect the global trend of urbanization, and so forth. According to the survey, project managers should get familiar with the prerequisites for obtaining permissions and approvals. Developers should be made aware of the significance of local development bylaws, building regulations, and the code by the local authorities. Local authorities should also set up guidelines to incentivize new developers to follow building regulations and bylaws, as well as to construct safety precautions to lessen the likelihood of collapses in Nigeria.
Keywords: Building collapse, Developmental bye-laws, Local authorities, Setback, URP law