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An Assessment of Corrupt Practices in Nigeria’s Political System: A Rawlsian Approach
Get PDFIt is no longer only conjecture that corruption exists in Nigerian society; rather, it is now seen as a national embarrassment. In contemporary Nigerian society, it is among the primary issues brought on by the persistent corruption. Many attempts to halt the spread of this beast have been made at different times throughout the history of our nation. The research paper employed conceptual, critical, and analytical methodologies to try to answer the question of what Rawls' ethical philosophy would suggest and recommend about the effects of corruption on contemporary Nigerian society. According to Rawls, the primary concerns of ethical philosophy are proper human behavior and the underlying tenets of society. Rawls contends that rather than being coercive or punitive in nature, policies should be created that are primarily preventative. Codes of ethics that specify appropriate conduct for both individuals and governments are examples of such policies.
Keywords: John Rawls, Corruption, Ethical Philosophy, Nigeri
Legitimacy Crisis, Accountability, and Local Government Elections in Nigeria: Lessons from KWASIEC 2024 LG Election
Get PDFThis study investigates the electoral process, accountability, legitimacy, and public trust in local government elections in Kwara State, Nigeria. Using a survey of local residents, the study evaluates public perceptions of electoral transparency, the professionalism of election officials, the accountability of local government officials, and the legitimacy of elected representatives. The findings reveal a moderate level of awareness about the electoral process but highlight significant concerns regarding transparency, electoral malpractice, and the effectiveness of accountability mechanisms. A lack of confidence in the legitimacy of elected officials and the integrity of election results is evident. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive electoral reforms, including enhanced voter education, improved transparency, and stricter enforcement of electoral laws to address these challenges. The recommendations aim to foster a more transparent, accountable, and legitimate electoral system, thereby strengthening public trust in the democratic process.
Keywords: Electoral process, Accountability, Legitimacy, Public trus
Does the Government really care about the Citizens? Exploring the Impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Crime Rate in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis intriguing study delved into the government's decision to eliminate subsidies on petroleum prices and how this move has influenced crime rates in the vibrant city of Benin, Edo State. The research aimed to uncover the connection between the withdrawal of fuel subsidies and the alarming rise in criminal activities, as well as to assess the repercussions of this policy change on social unrest across different socioeconomic groups in the city. The study focused on residents aged 18 and older, gathering insights from a sample of 156 individuals selected through a random sampling method. Employing a mix of descriptive statistics—like frequencies, percentages, and tables—and inferential statistics, including p-values, t-values, and F-statistics, the analysis revealed a striking correlation: the removal of fuel subsidies is significantly linked to the uptick in crime rates in Benin City. Furthermore, it highlighted that this policy shift has notably impacted criminal behavior and social unrest among various socioeconomic demographics within the community. Finally, the study recommends that removing subsidies must be done gradually and strategically. Initiatives that are specifically tailored to alleviate socio-economic inequality are crucial and that thorough approach that incorporates economic diversification, crime prevention, and continuous monitoring is advised
Keywords: Fuel Subsidy Removal, Crime Rate, Criminal Activity, Social Unrest
Epistemology and the Bounds of Human Comprehension
Get PDFThe paper examines the nature of knowledge and the boundaries of human comprehension in John Locke’s theory of knowledge. Within the study of epistemology, the nature of knowledge and the issue of justification hold key roles. Locke rejects the rationalist assumption that the human intellect possesses a unique access to reality. The paper argues that the limits of the concept of human comprehension has sparked debate ever since the release of the Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Locke strives to identify the boundaries of human comprehension and aims to pave the way for future advancements by presenting a theory of knowledge that aligns with the examination of human nature. The paper points out that the question of how we can understand the existence and characteristics of the external world is among the most ancient and challenging topics in philosophy. John Locke’s definition of knowledge through concepts renders an understanding of the real world unachievable. Recognizing concepts does not appear to be the type of activity that can provide us with understanding of an object. Examining an object section by section cannot yield comprehensive understanding, however, if the human mind does not directly perceive the physical object, how can we assert that physical objects exist? we can merely assert that ideas are present.
Keywords: John Locke, Knowledge, Comprehension, Basic Concepts, Idea
Sensationalisation in Nigerian Newspaper Reviews: Impact and Ethical Implications
Get PDFThis research letter sheds light on sensationalisation in Nigerian newspaper reviews-their impact and the ethics which they distort. Newspaper reviews in broadcast programming have made news more accessible, convenient, and catchy with the current trend. However, exposing such trends raises serious ethical and journalism concerns and also requires comprehensive analysis of biases and credibility issues. Sensationalizing newspaper reviews on broadcast media could essentially make up for the creation of fake news national security problems. Thus, by prioritizing sensationalism above the factual elements, such programs inadvertently glorify the different kinds of fake news that could well skyrocket into the society through other media channels, particularly social media. The research calls for a wide range of stakeholders from media practitioners, and policymakers to civil society organizations to appreciate the adverse effects of Sensationalisation in Nigerian newspaper reviews and take action to advance responsible and ethical journalism practice. To this end, it calls for serious and intensive academic discourse and fieldwork on the processes of Sensationalisation in Nigerian newspaper reviews to thoroughly understand all nuances and possible means of mitigating its effects.
Keywords: Sensationalisation, Newspaper reviews, Ethical Implications, Credibility, Bias
Poisonous Pedagogy: Patriarchal Religious Tenet of Child Illegitimacy in Nawal El- Sadaawi’s The Fall of the Imam
Get PDFThis paper interrogates the interconnection of religion, patriarchy and child illegitimacy in Nawal El Saadawi’s The Fall of the Imam. In Islam, Zina laws are part of the jurisprudence that give cogency to the phenomenon of child (il)legitimacy and the criminalisation of female sexuality. Thus, juristic terminology, Waladul zina designates the illegitimate child as a product of fornication. Even though a child belongs to the one in whose bed it is conceived, the legitimacy of a child is tied to the nuptial bed in Islamic law. Focusing on the prism of the novel’s narrative of the subject matter of religion, patriarchy and female sexuality, the paper interrogates the concern with the phenomenon of child illegitimacy. A qualitative textual data collection from the novel is employed to interrogate and discuss the contradictions underscoring the interconnections of religion, patriarchy and female sexuality in a fictional Islamic society. Textual data analysis is anchored broadly on Marxist and Feminist literary dialectics. The concepts of ‘’feminism’’, ‘’patriarchy’’ and ‘’ideology’’ are understood and deployed in the context of the religious sentiments and the established religious ethos which define the superstructure of the setting of the novel. Critical literary analysis revealed that, in Nawal El Sadaawi’s The Fall of the Imam, male characters manipulate the religious tenets of Islam, use these tenets as poisonous pedagogy to execute personal, political and gender biases agenda. The paper concludes that the novel carpets the politics of gender by regarding it as a constitutive religious discourse and ascertains that Islam is a political agency for executing and maintaining traditional male dominance and gender disparities in the Arab society.
Keywords: Illegitimacy, Patriarchy, Girl-Child, Waladu Zina, Islam, Criminalisatio
Investigating John 4:13-14 on the Symbolic Importance of Water in African Cultural Setting
Get PDFThis Paper investigates the intersection of biblical theology and African cultural anthropology by analyzing the symbolic significance of water in John 4:13-14 and its resonance with African indigenous worldviews. Jesus’ metaphor of “living water” (ὕδωρ ζῶν) in the Johannine narrative is juxtaposed with water’s multifaceted roles in African rituals, myths, and daily life. Through a qualitative comparative analysis of biblical exegesis and ethnographic case studies among the, Yoruba and Akan traditions, the study identifies combinations of water as source of life and spiritual renewal and differences between communal and individualized symbolism. The findings advocate for culturally contextualized hermeneutics that enrich both African Christian practices and intercultural theological discourse. The study concludes that the inquiry of John 4:13-14 through the lens of African cultural setting on water highlights a rich tapestry of meanings that supercede ordinary symbolism. It, therefore, recommends the need to develop worship and liturgical practices that will demonstrate the importance of water to life in African christianity.
Keywords: Investigating, Symbolic, Water, African, Cultural and Setting
Innovative Pedagogies for the Twenty-First Century Learners and Global Citizenship of Primary School Pupils in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the influence of innovative pedagogies for the twenty-first century learners on global citizenship of primary school pupils in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The Survey design research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was made up of one thousand, one hundred and nine (1,109) primary school teachers in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State. The simple random sampling technique was used to sample 292 primary school teachers in Ikom Education Zone. A structured questionnaire tilled ‘Innovative Pedagogies and Global Citizenship Questionnaire (IPGCQ)’ developed by the researchers was used for data collection. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that critical thinking and media literacy skills significantly influence primary school pupils’ global citizenship in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that; innovative pedagogies such as critical thinking and media literacy should be encouraged at all levels of education, teachers should be provided the needed equipment to effectively implement media literacy pedagogy, teachers should always engage pupils in independent learning platform to enrich their critical thinking skills and team work among pupils.
Keywords: Innovative Pedagogies, Twenty-First Century, media literacy, Global Citizenship and Critical thinkin
Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on Educational Performance Indicators in Senior Secondary Schools in Borno State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study assessed Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on Educational Performance Indicators in Senior Secondary Schools in Borno State, Nigeria. Its determined impact of Boko Haram insurgency on students’ enrolment rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency on students’ attendance rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency on students’ dropout rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency and students’ completion rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency in senior secondary schools in Borno State, Nigeria. Ex post facto research design was used. The population of the study were all the sixty three (63) affected senior secondary schools in Borno State, Nigeria. Disproportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to sample forty eight (48) schools to collect data. Observation, and proforma were used to collect data for the study. The data collected were analysed using t-test of paired sample. The study found that there was a significant difference in students’ net and gross enrolment rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency in senior secondary schools in Borno State, and the difference was in favour of insurgency period. There was a significant difference in students’ attendance rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency in the year 2005 and 2011, 2007 and 2013 and total before and during and not in the year 2006 and 2012, 2008 and 2014 in senior secondary schools in Borno State, and difference was in favour of insurgency period. There was a significant difference in students’ dropout rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency in the year 2007 and 2013, and total before and during and not in 2005 and 2011, 2006 and 2012, and 2018 and 2014, in senior secondary schools in Borno State, and the difference was in favour of insurgency period and there was a significant difference in students’ completion rate before and during Boko Haram insurgency in senior secondary schools in Borno State, and the difference was in favour of pre insurgency period for the first year and insurgency period for the remaining years. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that there was a positive impact of insurgency on students’ net and gross enrolment rate, and completion rate in senior secondary schools in Borno State. It is also concluded that there was inconsistency in the impact of Boko Haram insurgency on students’ attendance rate and dropout rate in senior secondary schools in Borno State. The study recommended among others that Borno State Government should provide free education up to secondary school as the study shows that students ‘net and gross enrolment rate in favour of insurgency period. Federal and Borno State Government should deploy security agents to provide protection to schools to avoid future attacks as the finding indicates that the students dropout rate increased during the insurgency period despite inconsistency in results, and most schools outside the Maiduguri Metropolis were destroyed and the Federal and Borno State Government should provide scholarship for continuous education as the study shows that students completion rate favour of insurgency period and most of their parents were internally displaced.
Keywords: Boko- Haram insurgency, net and gross enrolment rate, attendance rate, dropout rate, and completion rate
Personalized Learning Paths in Open Education Systems
Get PDF The concept of education reflected in open education systems and their personalized learning paths is future-changing. Here, learners meet their personalized learning content according to their needs, interests, and learning speed. The idea is supported by technology, using adaptive learning platforms, data analytics, and open education resources, to make experiences flexible, learner-centred, and enhance access and engagement. The potential for personalized learning pathways is huge in open education systems, which should provide quality and low-cost education to very diverse populations. However, successful personalized learning faces challenges on infrastructure, data privacy, quality of content, and digital literacy. The personalized learning paths in open education can further allow for improved learning outcomes, scalability, and increased learner autonomy by tackling a number of challenges in the presentation of recommendations for their effective implementation. Personalized learning paths-aided by adaptive technologies and collaborative learning strategies-support more inclusive, flexible, and equitable education systems, especially in areas where access to traditional education systems is at a minimum.
Keywords: Personalized learning paths, open education systems, adaptive learning, data analytics, educational technology, scalability, digital literac