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ウェルビーイング調査を活⽤した我が国における信頼度の測定結果について : 速報 (2024年1月30日時点)
No full text本稿は、2023年11⽉に内閣府経済社会総合研究所が実施したウェルビーイングに関する調査に含まれる、信頼度に関する調査結果の概要を速報として報告するものである。OECDにおける測定結果との⽐較から、統計的な信頼性が確認できた。また性、年代、学歴と関係があり、⼀般的信頼や知っている⼈への信頼は特に主観的幸福と相関すること、政府等への信頼度はワクチン接種と密接な関係があること、様々な信頼度が官連連携への期待と関係することなどが分かった
Axiomatic Marxian Exploitation Theory : a Survey of the Recent Literature
No full textIn this paper we review recent developments in axiomatic studies of Marxian exploitation theory. First, given the acute controversy over the formal definition of exploitation during the 1970-1990s, we review the study of the axiomatic framework, which identifies some fundamental properties – technically, domain conditions – that any definition of exploitation should satisfy. Moreover, we provide a survey on the axiomatic studies about the proper measures of exploitation which coherently preserve the basic Marxian perceptions represented by two axioms, Profit-Exploitation Correspondence Principle and Class-Exploitation Correspondence Principle. Finally, we examine the relevance of the labour theory of value in these axiomatic studies of the proper measures of exploitation
The Impact of the Venezuela Case : Case C―872/19 P, Venezuela v. Council, ECLI : EU: C: 2021: 507 and Case T―65/18 RENV, Venezuela v. Council, ECLI : EU: T: 2023: 529
No full textLegal obligations of the debtor’s representative to creditors in standardized Out-of-Court Workouts
No full textDiversity of Corporate Officers and its Regional Disparities in Germany
No full textThis paper explores the regional disparities in the diversity of corporate officers in Germany. Our empirical analysis, encompassing 65,745 German businesses, reveals a pronounced inclination among Berlin and former East German firms to appoint female officers, in contrast to their former West German counterparts. Furthermore, we found that companies in Berlin exhibit greater diversity in the national backgrounds of their officers as compared to those in the former West Germany, while firms in the former East German regions lag behind in this aspect. Moreover, our empirical results indicate a greater willingness among Berlin and East German firms to hire younger corporate officers as compared to firms in the former West Germany. These findings demonstrate statistical robustness against heterogeneity in industrial sectors and firm sizes and are particularly evident in companies established after the 1990 reunification.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science23K20149中国と東欧の比較企業システム論This research work was financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 20H01489 and 23K17140)
Oil or geopolitical issues? : Quantitative rethinking of political instability in the Middle East and North Africa
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1930’lu Yıllardaki Rasyonelleşme Çalışmalarının Memur ve Memur Örgütlerine Etkileri
No full textThis article aims to reveal the decisive impact of rationalization policies in public administration on civil servants and their organizations in the 1930s. These policies are part of a broader process that extends from the late the Ottoman Empire to the early Republic of Turkey. Civil servants are defined as salaried providers of continuous public services, while civil servant organizations include associations such as funds, unions, and cooperatives.The focus on the 1930s is deliberate. This period not only witnessed global examples of rationalization in the aftermath of the 1929 Crisis, but also saw the consolidation of such policies in Turkey through instruments like planning. The organization of public administration in this era was a key element of these transformations. The argument is supported by primary sources from the Presidential State Archives alongside secondary literature.Rationalization was also significant in the founding years of the Republic. The young Republic adhered to rationalist principles not only in administrative processes but also in broader aspects of social and economic life.Scientific management ideas circulating since the late 19th and early 20th centuries reinforced this orientation, while Law No. 788 on Civil Servants (1926) signaled its concrete application in the civil service. During this time, both the public personnel system was being structured and rationalization efforts continued. Civil servants, as the group most directly affected by these reforms, sought to defend their interests and secure their future. From the Tanzimat era onward, their profession had already been in transformation, and in the 1930s they came together not only for long-term collective aims but also to address immediate, everyday concerns. Their organizations—funds, cooperatives, and associations—became embedded within a corporatist framework. Rationalization did not end with the 1930s but intensified in the 1940s and 1950s. Within the discipline of public administration, this study draws on legislation and archival documents as its primary sources.Bu makale, 1930’lu yıllardaki gelişmeler çerçevesinde kamu yönetimindeki rasyonelleştirme çalışmalarının memurlar ve memur örgütleri üzerindeki belirleyici etkisini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Söz konusu rasyonelleştirme çalışmaları, Osmanlı Devleti’nden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne uzanan bir süreci anlatmaktadır. Memur örgütlenmelerinden kasıt, sandık, sendika, kooperatif benzeri örgütlerdir. Memur ise devletten maaş alan ve kamu hizmetini süreklilik içinde sunan kişileri anlatmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, 1930’lu yıllara odaklanılmasının nedenleri bulunmaktadır. 1930’lu yıllar, söz konusu uygulamaların dünyanın pek çok yerinde görünür örneklerinin yer aldığı bir dönemdir. 1929 Krizi’nin getirdiği ekonomik koşullar rasyonalizmin benimsenmesine yol açmıştır. Planlama ve benzeri araçlarla da bu politikalar sağlamlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Dönemin kamu yönetimi örgütlenmesi, bu gelişimin önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında söz konusu iddia, ikincil kaynaklar yanında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri’nden elde edilen birincil kaynaklarla da desteklenmiştir.Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşunda da rasyonelleştirme çalışmaları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Genç Cumhuriyet sadece yönetsel süreçlerde değil, yaşamın her alanında rasyonalizme bağlıdır. 1800’li yılların sonu 1900’lü yılların başı itibarıyla bilimsel yönetim düşüncesi ise bu eğilimi güçlendirmiştir. 1920’li yıllarda, bu düşüncenin fikri temeli oluşturulmuştur. Memurlar açısından ise 1926 yılında yayımlanan 788 sayılı Memurin Kanunu, bu politikaların göstergesidir. Bu dönemde hem kamu personel sistemi örgütlenmekte hem de rasyonelleştirme çalışmaları devam etmektedir.Memurlar, kamu yönetimindeki dönüşümden en fazla etkilenen grup olmuştur. Tanzimat Dönemi’nden itibaren dönüşen memur ve memurluk mesleği kendi çıkarlarını savunma ve geleceğini güvence altına almaya dönük arayışlar içindedir. Bu yönüyle, memurların sadece uzun vadeli değil; aynı zamanda, gündelik sorunlar nedeniyle de bir araya geldikleri görülmektedir. Rasyonelleştirme çalışmaları ise 1930’lu yıllarla son bulmamış; 1940’lı ve 1950’li yıllarda daha da kuvvetlenmiştir