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Effect of the cation on the stability of cation–glyme complexes and their interactions with the [TFSA]− anion
Get PDFThe interactions of glymes with alkali or alkaline earth metal cations depend strongly on the metal cations. For example, the stabilization energies (Eform) calculated for the formation of cation-triglyme (G3) complexes with Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ at the MP2/6-311G** level were −95.6, −66.4, −52.5, −255.0, and −185.0 kcal/mol, respectively, and those for the cation-tetraglyme (G4) complexes were −107.7, −76.3, −60.9, −288.3 and −215.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The electrostatic and induction interactions are the major source of the attraction in the complexes; the contribution of the induction interactions to the attraction is especially significant in the divalent cationglyme complexes. The binding energies of the cation-G3 complexes with Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide anion ([TFSA]-) were −83.9, −86.6, −80.0, −196.1, and −189.5 kcal/mol, respectively, and they are larger than the binding energies of the corresponding cation-G4 complexes (−73.6, −75.0, −77.4, −172.1, and −177.2 kcal/mol, respectively). The binding energies and conformational flexibility of the cation-glyme complexes also affect the melting points of equimolar mixtures of glyme and TFSA salts. Furthermore, the interactions of the metal cations with the oxygen atoms of glymes significantly decrease the HOMO energy levels of glymes. The HOMO energy levels of glymes in the cation-glyme-TFSA complexes are lower than those of isolated glymes, although they are higher than those of the cationglyme complexes
<Article>Temporary versus Definite Equity: Which is a Better Input to the Residual Income Model?
Get PDFIndividual-level size distribution patterns in fruit-feeding butterfly communities along a forest restoration gradient in the Afrotropics
Get PDFThe loss and degradation of tropical rainforests pose significant challenges to global conservation, yet the impact of forest restoration on the functional diversity of animal communities, particularly at the intraspecific level, remains poorly understood. This study investigates the size distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies along a gradient of tropical forest restoration ages in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Study sites were categorised into three forest age groups: younger restored (10–16 years), older restored (21–26 years), and primary forests. Butterflies were sampled across 48 sites, and individual forewing lengths were measured to analyse changes in mean forewing length, diversity, skewness, and kurtosis. The mean forewing length and diversity increased, while skewness and kurtosis decreased, towards primary forest age group. Significant differences in size metrics were observed among forest age groups, with younger restored forests showing lower diversity compared to older restored and primary forests. Intraspecific differences in forewing length were detected in six of the 12 species studied, highlighting the nuanced insights provided by individual-level data compared to species-level analyses. Kernel density plots demonstrated a gradual shift towards more uniform size distributions along the restoration gradient, suggesting that morphological diversity increases as forests mature. These findings underscore the value of considering intraspecific variation in understanding community responses to forest restoration. The study highlights the prolonged but steady progress towards primary forest, offering important implications for tropical forest conservation and applied ecology
Spatial muscle synergy-based network modeling and analysis of sit-to-stand transition with and without robot assistance
Get PDFQuantum Orbital-State Control of a Neutral Nitrogen-Vacancy Center at Millikelvin Temperatures
Get PDFA neutral nitrogen-vacancy center (NV0) is promising for realizing strong coupling with a single microwave photon due to its large electric field sensitivity, although it is susceptible to environmental phonon noise at 5 K. Decreasing the temperature to 15 mK results in a tenfold increase in orbital relaxation time compared to that at 5 K. Dynamical decoupling pulses significantly increase the orbital coherence time to more than 1.6 μs, representing a 30-fold improvement compared to that without decoupling pulses. Based on these results, a single NV0 can reach the strong coupling regime when coupled with a high-impedance microwave resonator, thus opening up the possibility of microwave quantum electrodynamics using a single optically-active defect center in diamond
Study on the Sustained Dissemination of Patient Innovation within Hospital Organizations
Get PDF横浜国立大学博士（経営学）Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administratio
Anionic Effects on Li-Ion Transport and Electrochemical Properties of High-Concentration Li Salt/Sulfone Electrolytes
Get PDFHigh-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) comprising Li salts and sulfone are regarded as promising materials for boosting the thermal stability, energy density, and rate capability of Li batteries. In this study, to obtain a deeper understanding of the correlation between electrolyte composition and physicochemical properties, the anionic effects in binary mixtures of various Li salts and 3-methylsulfolane (MSL) were systematically studied. The ionic conductivity of the Li salt/MSL mixtures increased as the Lewis basicity of the anions becomes weaker. In HCEs with a molar ratio of Li salt/MSL = 1/4, the fraction of free MSL decreased as the Lewis basicity of the anions weakened, leading to a higher activity of Li+. The Li ion transference number in the HCEs decreased with weakening the Lewis basicity of the anion. Electrochemical impedance measurements revealed that the charge-transfer kinetics of the LiCoO2 and Li metal electrodes in the HCEs were enhanced using weaker Lewis basic anions. Our findings reveal that the utilization of Li salts with weakly Lewis basic anions is essential for enhancing the power density of lithium batteries with HCEs. This work provides insights into the functions of anions in sulfone-based HCEs and the correlation between HCE composition and battery performance, which may be helpful for the design of electrolytes of advanced lithium batteries
On a simple formulation of the effect of web shear stress on the bending strength of stiffeners
Get PDF横浜国立大学博士（工学）Doctor of Engineerin
高粘性擬塑性流体の撹拌動力消費量と羽根周りの局所せん断速度分布に関する研究
Get PDF横浜国立大学博士（工学）Doctor of EngineeringThe full text of this thesis is available for viewing at the Central Library upon request by 5:00 p.m. on weekdays.この学位論文の全文は、中央図書館で平日17時までに申請することで閲覧が可能です