Bioculture Journal
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The use of Babadotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides l) flour in ration on quail ration (Cortunix-cortunix Japonica) energy metabolism
No full textBackground: Quails are livestock whose main products are eggs and meat. This plant is often referred to as a weed because its clinical benefits are not yet widely known to the public. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaf meal on the metabolizable energy of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The research was conducted at the Quail House, Arkan Quail Farm (Jl. Bebengket, Cihideung Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency, 16620). Methods: The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P0 = commercial feed without babadotan leaf meal (control), P1 = commercial feed with 1% babadotan leaf meal, P2 = commercial feed with 3% babadotan leaf meal, and P3 = commercial feed with 5% babadotan leaf meal. The observed variables included Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AMEn), total metabolizable energy consumption, and the AMEn/GE ratio. Findings: The results of this study showed that the addition of babadotan leaf meal (Ageratum conyzoides L.) in the diet significantly (P<0.05) affected the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), with a decrease observed in treatment R3 (diet containing 5% babadotan leaf meal). However, the results for metabolizable energy intake and the AMEn/GE ratio in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were not significantly different or did not show a significant effect. Conclusion: The inclusion of babadotan leaf meal at a level of 5% in the diet can reduce the values of AME and AMEn. However, it did not significantly affect metabolizable energy intake or the AMEn/GE ratio. Novelty/Originality of this article: Therefore, the use of babadotan leaf meal in the diet is recommended only up to a concentration of 3%
Green finance and local wisdom synergy in enhancing community-based drinking water sustainability
Full text linkBackground: Access to safe drinking water remains a challenge in Sukadana Village due to geographic conditions, limited infrastructure, and financial constraints. The Danu Kerthi concept, rooted in Tri Hita Karana, promotes sustainable water management by balancing human, environmental, and spiritual aspects. Green finance, through green bonds and Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) schemes, enhances financial sustainability. Integrating these approaches with technology can ensure long-term water access through community, government, and private sector collaboration. Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore phenomena related to access, management, and challenges of community-based drinking water sustainability in Sukadana Village, Karangasem. The data collection technique was carried out through in-depth interviews with 30 respondents who were selected using the purposive sampling method. The data obtained was analyzed inductively to identify relevant patterns and themes. Findings: Data were analyzed to identify key components and organized into specific indicators and sub-indicators, forming a comprehensive model for sustainable system development. The resulting framework includes aspects such as access to clean water, management systems, financial sustainability through green finance, challenges faced, and strategies grounded in local wisdom (Danu Kerthi concept). These findings are systematically presented to guide future policy and implementation efforts for resilient and inclusive water management systems. Conclusion: The creation of a well-defined and systematic model offers a practical foundation for improving the sustainability, resilience, and inclusiveness of water management, particularly in rural and culturally traditional communities. Integrating green finance with local wisdom, as reflected in the Danu Kerthi concept, enhances the long-term viability of community-based drinking water systems, as exemplified by the model implemented in Sukadana Village, Karangasem, Bali. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study intoduces a new approach to community based drinking water management by integrating the Danu Kerthi concept with green finance through Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) for sustainable funding
Valorization of Cascara coffee waste as antimicrobial edible coating for enhancing the snake fruit quality
No full textBackground: This study explores a strategy to decrease significant post-harvest losses due to spoilage. Edible coating on fruit can help maintain its quality and extend shelf life by slowing physiological processes such as respiration and transpiration. Method: The coating was formulated divided into two formulas, one is fresh cascara coating while other is dried cascara coating that was obtained by drying at 60 °C for 4 hours. Both 300 grams of cascara were extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol (ratio 1:2) for 24 hours. Extracts were mixed with 2.5% (w/v) chitosan solution, 4 g glycerol, and 0.1% Tween 80, then homogenized using a magnetic stirrer. Washed and air-dried snake fruit fruits were dipped in the coating solution, dried at 50 °C for 30 minutes. The coating formulation included food grade glycerol as a plasticizer and was applied using a dipping method. Snake fruit that has been coated with the solution stored at room temperature and evaluated for its shelf life and antimicrobial activity. Finding: This research utilized cascara extract as the main ingredient of an edible coating applied to snake fruit. As a result, cascara can be used into functional materials since it has been investigated as a natural source of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, with notable antimicrobial potential and bioactive content of polyphenols. When applied as a snake fruit coating, cascara-based edible coating can inhibit microbial growth and extend shelf life while maintaining fruit quality. Conclusion: This approach can be applied to underutilized by-products from coffee beans, reducing dependency on synthetic preservatives and plastics while also offering a promising alternative for antimicrobial edible coating to promote valorization, circular economy practices, and innovation in food packaging. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research introduces a novel application of coffee cherry by-products (cascara) specifically formulated for snake fruit (Salacca zalacca), a tropical commodity with unique preservation challenges
Bridging agronomy and pharmacology the antidiabetic promise of Oldenlandia
Full text linkBackground: The growing global burden of diabetes and the limitations of current treatments require sustainable alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the potential of the weedy genus Oldenlandia as a novel, sustainable resource for diabetes management by synthesizing evidence from agronomy, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using major scientific databases. A multidisciplinary search strategy was employed, and the collected data were integrated using narrative synthesis. Findings: The analysis shows that Oldenlandia species are resilient plants requiring low agricultural inputs. They are rich in bioactive compounds like iridoids and flavonoids, and preclinical studies confirm significant antidiabetic effects, including lowered blood glucose and reduced inflammation via mechanisms such as AMPK-NF-κB pathway modulation. Conclusion: Oldenlandia presents a promising and sustainable candidate for developing new antidiabetic therapies, bridging traditional use with scientific validation. Novelty/Originality: This review offers a novel, integrated perspective that simultaneously evaluates the agronomic feasibility and pharmacological potential of a weed for diabetes treatment, a unique approach not commonly found in existing literature
Exploring the role of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots: Hydrothermal carbonization, bioimaging in vivo/in vitro, and biomedical application
No full textBackground: Carbon-based nanoparticle classes consisting of various subgroups based on morphology and crystallinity are called carbon dots (CQDs). The physical, chemical, and optical properties of CQDs can be modified using the simple pot synthesis technique. Additionally, its non-toxic nature, biocompatibility, physical and chemical responsiveness, resistance to chemical and photo bleaching, and low cost make it suitable for various purposes, such as biomedical imaging applications. Biomass waste, which has been widely discarded without economic utilization and potential, can surprisingly be used as a precursor for CQDs. Method: The literature was systematically collected from major databases. Studies from 2017–2025 were analyzed based on synthesis strategies, surface functionalization, and biological performance. Its potential in the medical field is highly advantageous. CQDs have fluorescence that is useful for biomedical imaging both in vivo and in vitro. The hydrothermal carbonization approach is also discussed in more detail, highlighting its green and sustainable synthesis, as well as the ease of the synthesis process. Finding: It was found that CQDs have compatibility and adjustable optical properties. Its fluorescence can clearly record tissues, body care, aging, and living cells. Utilizing renewable biomass precursors offers an environmentally friendly and cost-effective route for synthesizing fluorescent nanoprobes with excellent water solubility, tunable emission, and low cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vitro studies reinforce CQDs as multicolor fluorescent probes, and in vivo studies demonstrate that CQDs have low toxicity, rapid clearance, are safe, and biocompatible. Conclusion: This paper delves into the remarkable potential of CQDs to provide insights into how fluorescent inks are truly essential in biomedical imaging. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive and updated synthesis of CQD research spanning up to 2025, specifically focusing on the transition from "waste to nanoprobe.
Native bee richness increases with wildfire burn severity in ponderosa pine forests.
No full textWildfires are increasing in frequency and severity in dry forests across western North America and have direct effects on forest structure and ecosystem services. One important service to monitor is pollination, which promotes plant-pollinator biodiversity and is critical for post-fire vegetative recovery. Because pollination services can vary by species and across spatial and temporal scales, understanding the effect of fire on pollinator populations informs conservation management and ecosystem restoration. Due to the known positive effects of fire on bees, including increased floral resources, nesting habitat, and light availability, we hypothesized that pollinator richness would increase with burn severity (measured with the Composite Burn Index) and decrease with burn age. We quantified native bee richness in the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest in Washington, USA at nine forested plots that burned in 2021, 2018, and 2015, or were unburned since 1968. Data were collected in 2021, 2022, and 2023 biweekly from April to August using blue vane and pan traps. Our findings suggest that native bee genus richness was driven by the interaction between burn severity and burn age. Study areas that had recently burned at higher severities had greater bee genus richness. Furthermore, the proportion of above ground nesting bees in landscapes 1-8 years post-fire was greatest at sites that burned with moderate fire severity and had more available nesting habitat. Our findings suggest that mixed-severity fire in ponderosa pine landscapes promotes native bee biodiversity.This work was supported by the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Capacity Funding Program from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (project award no. 7006470), the David R.M. Scott Endowed Professorship in Forest Resources, and the 2024 Garden Club of America Board of Associates Centennial Pollinator Fellowship
Abstractions for Code Migration from CPU to GPU in Simulation Domain
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2025Simulations are crucial in science, enabling the modeling of complex phenomena that are difficult to study experimentally. As they scale, they demand greater performance and efficiency. To meet this need, computing has shifted toward heterogeneous architectures that combine CPUs and GPUs. While effective, this shift introduces software engineering challenges, making abstraction an increasingly important tool for improving programmability. Abstractions hide low-level implementation details behind clean interfaces, improving clarity and reducing complexity. This thesis reviews existing abstractions for heterogeneous architectures, analyzing their integration effort, performance trade-offs, and limitations. It uses the insights from that review to present the design and implementation of DeviceVector, a lightweight abstraction that unifies host and device memory management in Graphitti, a high-performance graph-based simulation platform. DeviceVector enhances programmability by reducing code duplication, introducing a clear CPU–GPU data relationship, and abstracting CUDA boilerplate through an interface that closely mirrors a standard C++ container. It also discusses design approaches for extending support in the future to object hierarchies and general function-level abstractions, further minimizing logic duplication between host and device code. Overall, this work highlights how thoughtful abstraction design can bridge the usability-performance gap in heterogeneous computing systems
Comparison of Outcomes in Adolescents Treated with Aligners versus Fixed Appliances in an Academic Setting
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2025Background: Adolescents are increasingly requesting and being treated with aligners, and there is a need for better information regarding treatment indications and outcomes in this population. Purpose: The aims of this study were to compare treatment efficacy and efficiency, presence and extent of new or larger white spot lesions (WSL), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in adolescent patients treated with aligners versus fixed appliances (FA) in an academic dental clinic. Study Design: This cohort study was carried out in the University of Washington (UW) Graduate Orthodontics clinic. 29 adolescent subjects (18 male and 11 female, mean age = 14) treated with aligners and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited and matched 1:1 with adolescent subjects treated with FA. Pre-treatment characteristics were collected, and subjects were contacted to complete a modified OHIP-14 questionnaire to evaluate their OHRQOL. Treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing the peer assessment rating (PAR) scores and treatment efficiency was assessed by comparing the number of emergency visits, de-bonded appliances, appointment visits, and treatment time. Presence and extent of new or larger WSLs were assessed evaluating the incisors from the digital photos using the ImageJ software. Results: The two groups had similar demographic and pre-treatment parameters, as well as post-treatment PAR scores. There was a trend for less de-bonded appliances in the aligner group (mean A = 1.0 vs. FA = 3.0 appliances; p = 0.07), but no significant difference in the treatment time. However, participants in the aligner group had significantly less treatment visits (mean A = 15.7 vs. FA = 21.3 visits; p < 0.001) and emergency visits (mean A = 0.4 vs. FA = 1.0 visits; p = 0.01). Participants in the aligner group had significantly fewer maxillary incisors with new or larger WSLs (p = 0.02), and oral hygiene counselling was provided three times less frequently (p = 0.01) compared to participants in the FA group. Lastly, the groups had similar total OHIP-14 scores, but only 26% of participants in the aligner group reported occasional interruption of meals versus 70% of participants in the FA group (p = 0.02). Conclusions: This study found both groups had similar PAR outcomes and treatment times. However, participants in the aligner group had fewer emergency visits, treatment visits, de-bonded appliances, new or larger WSLs, and interruption of meals compared to participants in the FA group
Leveraging Single-Dose HPV Vaccination to Accelerate Cervical Cancer Elimination: Acceptability, Cost-Effectiveness, and Policy Considerations for Single-Dose Adoption in East Africa
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2025Every two minutes, a woman dies of cervical cancer, a disease that is highly preventable. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines protect against high-risk HPV infections, which cause cervical cancer, but only 15% of eligible girls have been vaccinated globally. HPV vaccination uptake remains particularly low in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where most cervical cancer-related deaths occur. In 2020, the World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer that focused on three pillars to be achieved by 2030. These targets include having 90% of girls fully vaccinated with the HPV vaccine by age 15. Recent evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of a single-dose HPV vaccination led the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend countries to consider a single-dose HPV vaccination schedule to improve coverage and catalyze progress towards achieving cervical cancer elimination. This dissertation sought to comprehensively assess implementation outcomes of single-dose HPV vaccination, focusing on acceptability, cost-effectiveness of single-dose HPV vaccination in Kenya, and policy considerations for single-dose HPV vaccination adoption in East Africa.Using a mixed-methods study approach, we assessed the acceptability of a single-dose HPV vaccination schedule among healthcare providers (HCPs) in Kenya. We found that most HCPs thought that a single-dose schedule was acceptable, and the lack of information among HCPs was the main reason for disapproval. Additionally, HCPs based at rural facilities had higher acceptability likelihood compared to those based at urban facilities.
In chapter 3, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the potential health and economic impact of a single-dose HPV vaccination schedule in Kenya. We found that a two-dose HPV vaccination strategy at 90% coverage had a higher incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) compared to a one-dose strategy at the same coverage level (US6,508.08/ DALY averted vs US 197.44/ DALY averted). Additionally, switching to a single-dose schedule would result in US21.4 million in savings over five years, which could fund 2.75 million additional HPV vaccinations. This re-investment could fund catch-up vaccinations, and the greatest DALYs would be averted by supplementing a single-dose strategy with a 90% coverage with a catch-up vaccination for 11- 24-year-old girls (ICER: US 78.73 / DALY averted).
Finally, in chapter 4, we leveraged a rapid review to conduct a framework policy analysis on single-dose HPV vaccination adoption in three East African countries. We found that in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Tanzania, political will was crucial to prioritizing the revision of HPV vaccination policy, and National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) were central to the single-dose decision-making process. Additionally, across the three countries, the WHO endorsement and availability of key evidence on the burden of the disease, health, and economic benefits of a single-dose schedule played an important role in the policy revision process.
In conclusion, single-dose HPV vaccination has the potential to accelerate progress in cervical cancer elimination. Considering its acceptability even among HCPs in rural areas, potential health and economic benefits, a single-dose schedule could simplify logistics and inform policy revisions to improve coverage in Kenya and comparable settings. These findings also have the potential to inform future immunization policy revision initiatives
Constrained Quaternion Attitude Control of Satellites via \\Semi‑Definite Programming
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2025Spacecraft attitude control is critical for mission success in communication, navigation, and payload safety, requiring maneuvers that respect complex geometric and hardware constraints. Classical quaternion-based PD/PID controllers provide robust unconstrained attitude regulation but lack systematic enforcement of constraints such as sun-avoidance zones and actuator saturation limits. This thesis presents a hybrid control framework that leverages semi-definite programming (SDP) to generate constraint-compliant, globally optimal attitude trajectories offline, integrating keep-in/out cones and actuator bounds via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A quaternion-feedback PD regulator then robustly tracks these trajectories in real time, enabling efficient onboard implementation. MATLAB and Simulink simulations demonstrate that the proposed SDP-guided control outperforms classical PD/PID methods by rigorously respecting all constraints and improving maneuver safety and accuracy. The results suggest strong potential for future small-satellite missions requiring high-performance constrained attitude control